Sampling Methods

Course No: 240

Course Name: Statistics
Course Instructor: Tofayel Ahmed
College of Arts and Science(CAAS)
Department of Quantitative Science
IUBAT-International University of Business,
Agriculture and Technology
 Outline
➢Sampling
➢Sample size determination
➢Methods of sampling
❑Simple Random Sampling
❑Stratified Random Sampling
❑Cluster Random Sampling
❑Systematic Random Sampling
➢Difference Between cluster random sampling
and stratified random sampling.

Sampling Methods
 Sampling
Population: A population is the collection of all possible objects
having certain characteristic under a study.
Example: The population of heights of all students in IUBAT.
Population can be classified as:
(i) Finite population : The population consisting the students of
IUBAT.
(ii) Infinite population: The number of hair of your head.
Sample: A sample is a representative part of population.

Sampling Methods
 Sampling
Sample Size: The number of individuals or items
included in a finite sample is called sample size.
Parameter: Any statistical measure compute from
population data is known as parameter.
Statistic: Any statistical measure compute from sample
data is known as statistic.
Sampling unit: A sampling unit is an element (item) or
collection of elements/items that can be selected for the
sample

Sampling Methods
 Sampling
Sampling frame: A sampling frame is the complete list of all
sampling units of targeted population.
It is necessary to prepare
a sampling frame before
sampling is made.

Sampling: Sampling is defined as the total process involving in

collection of sample from a target population for a particular
study.

Sampling Methods
 Sample Size Determination
Proportion: It is the percentage value associated with a
population which is defined as,
P=X/N (for population)
p=x/n (for sample)
Here, X=count of success in population.
x= count of success in sample.
𝒛 𝟐
Sample size for the population proportion: n = p(1-p)( )
𝑬
Where, n = the sample size
z = standard normal value corresponding to the desired
level of confidence.
E = Maximum allowable error
p = Estimate of the population proportion
[Note: The sample size never be fraction]
Sampling Methods
 Sample Size Determination
Example: In an election for the post of president of the FBCCI
there are 2 candidates: X and Y. You are interested in estimating
the proportion of voters favoring candidates X at 95% confidence
interval and with an error not to exceed 2%. A previous poll
showed 55% of the registered voters favoring candidates X. What
sample size should be used for the purpose?
Solution: Here, E = 2% = 0.02,
z = 1.96 ,
p= 55% = 0.55
𝒛
The required sample size, n = p(1-p)( )𝟐
𝑬
1.96 2
= 0.55*(1-0.55)*( )
0.02
= 2376.99
= 2377
Sampling Methods
 Methods of Sampling
The common methods of sampling are as follows:

Sampling Methods
 Simple Random Sampling
➢ Simple random sampling(SRS) refers to the sampling
techniques in which each and every item of the population has
an equal chance of being included in the sample.
➢ SRS is a method of selecting n units out of a population size N
units in such a way that each combination of n units have the
same chance or probability of being selected as every other
combination.
➢ For example: If you randomly select 100 students from
IUBAT with a population 10,000, each person has a 100/10000
= 0.01 probability. That’s a simple calculation requiring no
additional knowledge about the population’s composition
.Hence, this is simple random sampling.
Sampling Methods
 Simple Random Sampling
Methods of draw a Simple Random Sampling:
(i) Lottery Method
(ii) Use of Random Number Method
Lottery Method:
• Each number placed in a card of similar size, colour and shape.
• Cards put in a bowl and thoroughly mixed.
• Blindfolded person selects a card.
• Process repeated till we reach the desired sample size.

Sampling Methods
 Simple Random Sampling
Lottery Method:
Write the name or code of this 7 person on a card, put them in a
bowl, then randomly select the desired number of sample.

Here, Desired no of sample is 3.

The samples are 2, 4, 5.

Sampling Methods
Simple Random Sampling

Sampling Methods
 Simple Random Sampling
Example:
• Assume you have the test scores for a population of 200
students. Each student has assigned a number from 1 to 200.
We want to randomly select only 5 of the students.
• Since the population size is three digit number , we will use
the first three digits of the numbers listed in the table.
• Without looking point to a starting spot in the table. Assume
we land on 75635 (3rd column, 2nd row)
• This location gives the first 3 digits to be 756. This choice is
too large(>200) , so we choose the next number in this column.
Keep in mind that we are looking for numbers whose first
three digits are from 001-200. (representing students).

Sampling Methods
 Simple Random Sampling
• The 2nd choice gives the 1st three digits to be 407, also too
large. Continue down the column until you find 5 of the
numbers whose 1st three digits are less than or equal to 200.
• From this table, we arrive at 070 (07015), 038 (03811),
045(04594), 055(05542) and 194 (19428).
• Results: Students 38, 45, 55, 70 and 194 will be used for our
random sample.

Sampling Methods
 Stratified Random Sampling
• This is a form of random sampling in which the
population is divided into several groups or
categories that are mutually exclusive.
• The groups are formed with the principle that within
groups the items are homogeneous with respect to
some characteristic (for example- sex, age, religion,
income level etc.) and between the groups they are
heterogeneous.
• Groups are known as strata and select a random
sample from each group is known as stratum.

Sampling Methods
 Stratified Random Sampling
Step to draw Stratified Random Sampling:
• In stratified sampling, divided the population into several
groups or strata based on their similar characteristic.
• Sample is taken from each stratum as the proportional to the
stratum size. So sample size for each stratum using the
following formula,
𝑺𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆
𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐦 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐳𝐞 = ∗ 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒎 𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆
𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆
• Draw a random sample from each stratum applying SRS
respect to sample size.

Sampling Methods
Stratified Random Sampling

SRS

Sampling Methods
 Stratified Random Sampling
Example: Suppose in a large class of 500 students, where there
are 300 male and 200 female students. So there are two stratum,
which are mutually exclusive. If the allocation is equal or
proportional ,total sample size is 50. How many units from each
stratum should be selected?
Solution: Here, Population size ,N = 500, sample size, n = 50

Stratum Sample Size

Stratum_1 (50/500)*300 = 30

Stratum_2 (50/500)*200 = 20

Sampling Methods
 Cluster Sampling
➢ Cluster sampling is a probability sampling method in which
we divide a population into several sub-groups, called cluster,
and then randomly select some of these clusters as our sample.
➢ In cluster sampling heterogeneity exist within cluster and
homogeneity exist between cluster.
➢ The cluster sampling method is carried out in several stages. In
the first stage, the whole population is divided into some
sampling units depending on problem under study then the
units are divided again into some sub-groups. We then observe
measure and interview each and every unit in the selected sub
groups (cluster). As a multi stage procedure is used here, the
cluster sampling is also known as multi-stage sampling.

Sampling Methods
Cluster Sampling

Sampling Methods
 Cluster Sampling
Example: In a study of homeless people across Dhaka, all the
wards are selected and a significant number of homeless people
are interviewed in each one. Here, the selected wards are the
clusters. So, the selected sample is a cluster sample and the
selection process is cluster sampling.

Sampling Methods
 Difference between Stratified and
Cluster Sampling
Cluster Random Sampling Stratified Random Sampling
• Sampling frame in not • Sampling frame is required
required cluster sampling. in stratified sampling.
• Samples are taken from • Samples are taken randomly
randomly selected clusters. from all the strata.
• Clusters are consider as a • In stratified sampling, units
sampling unit and units within strata are
within cluster are homogenous but between
heterogeneous but between are heterogeneous.
are homogenous.

Sampling Methods
Sampling Methods