6ravornluntrirlrrurirtev4.

rtidtr
r1tlr !i!fl6i soidlri'i'uifiJr.Jur'Lr'lriuu.iru lriillctilun'rtirucru
6'rflf'rrd'riun1?(operation) nqurr6rqr6on'hitflur{.rfdu
n.?u.n nlrnru nrr6r4rdorru6rooruavnrl6ufrm:o
.- A ,
1 tfiorrtllrtlurufr
rJavrrrurlrflrri"i'ufrtjlernro;fidouuo;rirbirrarrranmorrdro.cilri'i'ue].rorn16'odrlndl
-
,*.," , z -
rvrt1.uri1f,linitlfu drriunreldffi
I uonmninqurrrildrelunrafr4sriuovair.roarrr:fitflul:clcldxlrnlrfl
fi:lrqurr.irXr.nnfr4n nro 1 nrr rio r
6jri!,jrrflurl:clcrfdorr:dnr r moluln61uu 1r-rrrflnre:uu:rir}ifr-n
gl6'nuniao.lrr4lrruavarnrrnlurrlufiru
rder lorranr;rlurrdrd'.too.t riruuqufilrfirrn':.:nturarnto.r
1',\lr1!',tt9t1lo l! nolt luLl1too '1 tLl

lt'llnOUAnfitallflUrl!t6l!l !lnlm lt1lO tl.lFIOlllXltUlll't111,llX.l

11nnXll1l

3 t'-7 r'+a t+1 u i e e t'-t' +Jtr ' + Jr t r

t' 1 a
unvnil6oedurlurufr fio t +1 r.lio1r1.LJ.!
cos2(arccost) ii ruiu 1<t<1 [ri t"t rroc sint
-x -
ri'.rrild4urfi
FiNlri'ldrqtlll..t 6oorlvlonp!n"'nuruvtolnlplrrldotirrli
nl 'tt.]||nvnt.]nr fl'\ 1.iu'rx] 39

r.rlonril6nodrrvflrld,jrqnnqlud'ornrzutntfiurldluphnrrnro':retilterm)luJrlLLula,x*tflu
)" -
" "lnrfrirn-raordrr
i_:.:'ru,i'rd'nnqf ," drs t 6r
rro.ltfr slflurinlrnrflu,iruurffrrrnvio4tti[6vrranslw]u
r^ !r aox lllilullflu[noafl ao
, , i ' -1 a
- " "A,
srnu-rodrjtrii'rfrntirlir i] t) rirllfu I (t(t
rffo t+1 fitt cos2(arccos Ltlunlar.nrLqnvi'r
tr
= t+1 txJo
- 1 t+1 llnt

t) = cosz0 = zcos'O-t = z f i rf io t = c o s O u n : o S 0 (n
cos2( a r ccos

lr r'rr Lr1lri<
ei1 r'i3u^s snt lrlldr1u"rr.r ttuu(2.1
u r rnurlnr1fioq]1lpJ .1) rollrivr irlfirl16'
rfilon utfluLlnte r"irueuLfir Z vioLlntoi,i'nr':unranir:Q
1oci.lrnrrrinn:a 6i'rr i.iflr1lrrfi rfluflrri"l'u6

*:nonoliruruqir R,loLtsraol,iruelttiifrou C

21.1 . r(x =
fifl 'l tJ : rrrGflf ao, a , . . . , a. r€nrlf 1 llx P ) a " x " + a " rx "+r . . + a , x + a o it n ' x * d n d

1€i1r1!rx] diu a" trr tSendra-&l/eg

'coe,ificier, coefficient)
3n;ti't(teading [nYd"]d1llttarddla"+0lt'r'iv
deg P(x)
un:ri?rlutvrud'lerd.UdnBni
?ln n d't ita"t@egree)'ta.ifl1.r1r,l
polynonial)
rrrirrrr4utrfrfid'rrJerirdrlnd'rtflu4uti'finr4atrfluJeero unvtrlrlfrer+ldrn"'rao.trlrlur:.r

1:ri dunr4luifidrrJr;arfrir onicpolynomiat)

a"= t rrrriund.'r4urrJllfin1m
P(x) riulu1urrd1{i'.i0 frrio!fio P(x) 6onrrinlulomtrorf,..ttitiu P tt6ryulsstidn'j1nv
tJl&tt.tt"2
(@nstantpolynonial)
a " x " + a " , x " ' +. . . + a / , + a : l n \ u 1 rr
fr r a,,a ,,...,a" dudrordrlulonudrd o t t F r! t ' r^ v # ! rn
eia F (potynoniatover F)
onodlird1,t
ax'*bx*c , a*a z
dugrlurrrowlu'rrird'.r
2x3+ 4x'?+3x+ 1 riunl1urrrirri'r
a mfloZ uasrufloQ
,'-+ r:.rnlnI 4 !u1.|eLl
t1.lu111.lu

x' Ji x+ 1 rflunluudrdr z LufloR

:(rr x'+] 3" I r t 21624+\1+2)2'+z+.16 tflurqurrrira-ra tuio C Lfludu
 lnr{nmdrrlivfl rdrdnfunvnfiararaorf
:14i6noru

potynonkl)un;ratt?raluuu
u,u ax + b dlflrrulsJLan/'{uuneat
rrdarnqurrdrn"ruflri'rodlur
i n''rno,t"
polynomial)
ri roqlugr],,rr at'rb>,-c l trlrulutilfinda.l]quactratc
..^a..'6tlJrhtL tr Pr>| ..6y11vLu.r
o'xr .fluwr-rurltt_arn-uuuFo P(x)= o(x) frFie!fierq!1
: i- ". ", . :
vln0i$1]t'!1jL
- - !i -. nUl0.!t4UL)!.l11.iS
|Jv$ln1On.t nL..Ai 4l.l:.lti4vltYl6llUt El - eltv1^11 u1,100
r+
frr e1x) = u,r" 1 u" ,"" . . . + a,x + ao !to; Q(x) = b"x"+ b",x"-'+

o'^, rti o d o a o b o , a. o, .... d b

dr P(x) = a"x"+ a*,x*' + . . . + a1x+ ao dunqlrrdrn-r n (riu6o a^*o)lufrrHla x

rfitLrd'erdselfloF lrrsvFirnallnrr "P(x) = 0" ,jldxrlrt{rututh#t n wito F tt6v6un6!.Jn'rt1,!rxrr
rirrir n frfidrrlr;6vrt"ro.r tflu I (fu6€ a.= 1).jl dumrfi11ul,ulafrniloncpolynonial
equation)
'"

)v*
ffi 1. i'rln!:.1.I11rllr.{L L p-o.,il i lLrl.lr'rr_fli ill.xra--{v]oi'!-
Frflo.i Jr",!r.iEL rL6'
)nqL l ltlrn F{L

o1c!ds!16'luelarnT?fi1Lri
1 fin$rr'lvr?'rdl af +o un:lfrnrnr:1uplurroirfl
rrn4rurirnortxaorarnradrr
* p,r"-'* p,*"'* . . . +p*rx+pi = o
""
p(x) ralrvld'nr'lintrfrri's(range)
2. lirtirrnri( rrrir x 6reKllrinrsflrvc s1flou.rl-lrto.inll!'u.r
i- , 1
4t," it'n ehra.zn4u'rrJ deri' sni p'.r ri'rriu
P(', v- " rmr,ioL".'nLdrr
P (c ) = a " c " + a " rc " r+ ... + a,c+ ao

P(x)=3x32x'?x+4 ridr p(:) = 323 22' 2+4=24-8-2+4

o",rodrjrdufr'r = ft
vl o P(-1)= 3( 1f 2( 1)'?-(-1)+ 4= 3 2+1+4 = o

n''rodrrrdu
-t rirrnrolrluu 3x3-2x2x+4 ri'ruaarirrfrurfludlr

tl4 r(x)= (, lX> +x+x+ ' rrfrfilnu.urflu,qornol,iruxu,i?r

I)+ I luUllqxr,
,i ltla rxtluoar'rtt1t1l1l5'rututfl
uil!fln0 i t(ti3l
 '16fl1 | e'tit (63) = (63 1X633+ m + 1)+ 1
63'?+
= (62)(631
+ (62X631
+ (62)(63)
+ (62+ 1)
= + (62)(63)
63(62X631 + (62+ 1)l
= + (62+ 1)]
6s[63(62)(63)
= + 1)ll
63t63t63(62 = 63' = 7'x33

,.dr d r v:r o.:lr6q ddlL{ -" ,zt \, i 0 ir< r " , ^ l 0 < i\ 8

^r
rur rurun'rvrrfi!flu,ilu!!!fr t:rnro.r(63) wi'lirr 5x9 = 45 lit-a
aavqs*u"i O

2.1.4 tl fifl1u : rml6'riryn"nuni

Fhl r$rur!0rio.w111r].1r1i.!ytofrid
iry6 6o411]tro
r lti n LLay
m rflu
lrucurfirfflrirflunr*ov'|fi
P(x)= al"+a",x"'+ +a,x+ao rny o(x) = 6,"'* r.,x"'+ .. +o,x+o,

oirrrflurquulu Flxl u6ric lflrdr]rinnlfiro! F r?r,ivfiaix.lf

rlirLfiuntriotJduu r1x1

(P+ O)(x) = P(x)+ O(x) = c.+ c,x + c.x'+ + c"x'

. jl-
Iorfr c = a+b {i1vi1r0<i<t unr I rflld'rx]'ln4nto.!munvnlfiufiololrnlo.nrllrraonlurrfrfi
. fi . . v
- v 4L1lt _ u l 0 j l , {y X l l t r 1 6 0 r )
A t!3: d1 1i1 ! l..Flo:1 \1L, l. l1. lu6LJ 10ldt l. l, l614!

drodrrgiufrrrrrqvurzuomnqon
1+x dr 3 2x+x' rr1fr,i
rrn!1"1# T +x+Ox':
1+x 6orrx.l.l!.t
4 - x + x'?rfl!6'!
ud'revlfinrlurlrnrenfio

(cP)(x)= c P(x)= cao+ca1x +...+ ca"x'

oirodrrniud'rc=5 [a: P(x)= 4 5P(x)=5(a x+x'?)= 20 5x+sx':rfluiir-J
"+^'l!^"r

(POXX)= P(x)O(x)= co+c,x + c,x'+ + cix'

lnsfr c, = a,b.+a,b,+a,b,+ +aDbri1.lfuo3 3t $^3 i = m+n
lrir6od'rrJr:ffrdaorr1u1r.ri.roonJlds1flfl1rnric'renrt4nrro.rdn;a'nunirdr.iudsrfitlnrroeuqorryu,itrru*ayld
nrrudlJtl_uf,x"xo= x" ol
 lnr{nrrdr:1iTfl
rornnfunynnf
moranf

d'reti'r.rrdldrrrrn:natnqtulon
1 + x- x'?fr! 2 + x'+ x3 rflqsff
aa= a | = 1 , a 2 = -1 ' a 3= a 4 = _ , , = 0 (n!

bo= 2, b,=0,b,= 1,b3= 1,b!= b5=. . .=o rirl#16'

cd= aobo
= (1)(2)= 2, cl = albo+aobl= (1X2)+ (1X0)
c, = a,bo+a,b,+aob,
= (1X2)+(1X0)+(1X1)
= 1
c a = a 3 b o +a 2 b ,+ a l b 2+ a o b 3= (0 X 2)+ (1)(0)+ (1)(1)+ (i )(1) = 2,

c 4 = a 4 b 0 +a 3 b ,+ a 2 b ,+ a l b 3 +a o b l= (0)(2)+ (0X 0)+ ( 1X 1)+ (1X l ) + (1)(0) = 0.

c5 = asbo+allrr + a3b2+ arb3+arb!+ aob5

= (0x2)+ (0x0)+ (0x1)+ ( 1)(1)+(1)(0)+(0)(0)
= 1,
c6 = a6bo+ a5br + a4b2 + a3b3+ a,b4+ aib5+ a0b6

= (0 x2 )+
(0 x0 )+
(0 x1 )+
(0 x1) +
( 1x0) +( 1x0) + ( 1) (=0)0,

ttlt'tYo:llu tl + x - xltz + x'?+ x3l = z+2x x'z+zx3 xs tfludl

(P.OXX)= P(o(x))
P(t)= 3t 4 ti'! O(t)= 2f- 5t + 8 {rlcy16'
ii'.otj1.ltd1lu^ltyno1]no.iylqur
(P.O)(t)= 3(21 sr+8) 4 = 6r' lsr+20
tL6y (o "PXo = 2(3r 4f 5(3t-4)+B = 1sf-63r+60

ntvrr4rrrl'tflunquua;ln r:nollo.l I"+31' 2t+ 4 riu 2t'+i + 6

i6rir : Lrdltnn,lrnisrrn.ltnmiro.rlrrulr
rror,rurrnnruaoulurt.ll6'a"ri
1324
216
618 12 24
13-24
2648

24

drrilrrvu1rJrnqrudo 2' 7( 51- 24t2-at 24

1\1rUt:tttnr6:.1n'r?1,\1tu'l:.1

deurnlavnorrolC+:lzt++ riu :f+t+o 6onuurr

i2f+r + 6)3+ 3(2r':+
r+ 6)' 2Q(+r + 6)+ 4
= (2ff+ t'+ 6'+ 3t(2i')1+t'(2t')+ 6(2t')'+36(2r')r 6r':+36il+ 6(2fX0(6)
+ 3t{2r':)':+
f+ 6':+ 2l(2r')ll+ 61+612r,))l
- 4t,-21 12+ 4
B5i3+ gosf+ I a:t + il t o
= 8t6+I 2t5+ 54ta+
,insna:l*not:rlo.r2f t + 6 ir'r.rt'+:t' zt + 6orluru
2 ( t r + 312+a
': ) '+( t3+3r'2r+4)+6 = 2(ld+61 5 + s4t ta' + 2 s i: 1 6 t + j6 )+ (r3 + 3 r' : 2 t + 4 )+ 6
= zf+ rzt'+ tod- zt'+sg( 3at,qz o

2.1
. 1.b l' lO E l{ l :: lri
. 6 FFt,to:t't.ri l U Z 2 = 10, 1l1[ag1lu
\1 ),1 l t]n 1 ? U ' l n + , 6r,, o; fi" n1 "r
[Ag !U tt]n't?u'tn r rLEq.| . ..A:. nr"n".
ir.: .l:.i"nr "_ rtrurot.a2 o'r,.oorr1r-r,
: nolrli

OT 01

0 0l 00
l0 l 01

rdrnT4rurow]l1r,lrl!llxl,r:rfludruiufrrafl1l
(x'+ r)' = (x'+ lxx'+ 1) = xa+(1+l)x':+1
',rio (x3+x+1)(x':+1) = x5+{r+t)x3+x'+x+l o

fad-.1!flo : L:rdrLnn,ir
Flxlfiarri6nrr'lfinrfunrm:nr'4runufrie.ll.]lflu!flirlr 2.i.4

1. Flxl fia f6ilonrfl"l6'n.?uiflu^vfrrqnr

triufio6'rp(x) u^v o(x) H:1,J11rj1-lr!..r11r

Flxl [6'e 6urn P(x)+ o(x) mrr]noar.lp(x)o(x)rir!!flu
rq!1rllu Flxll
2. nr?utnttnrnirq ie.irllrr 1rrFlxld€oFrdo.id!.ri6nrr66l'ufr
tflra€frT P(x)r!^: o(x) rfluru.l!1xrluFtxl ffir
P(x)+ o(x) = o(x)+ P(x) !!6y P(x)o(x)= O(x)P(x)
l
[rn:flvr.rlr'lL rl . nnntru'ntaa'. tdl tlln
dtduLtirnrr .nit un rnl".ut- -lr"drfi
P( x ) O(x) = P (x)+( o(x)) = (a , -b , )+ { a j b , )x + . . . + (a " -b " )x
 naraqrf
lnrsnrrdr:rivsroraorfunvnfi :rnfi?ao,lu.

uoinqurrornlrift re.6rlriier! "nr?1i'r?"

d'rzulrir-l:ro.tnra4ru lu Flxl
= o (l4q1rlxrquti)
+. trifior-rvtaorqutilu Ftxl triudodr P(x)o(x) Ltd'rP{x)=0 #o o(x)= 0l

P(x)$a:o(x)oir'*:lur1uudrhlt1'r4u'r4uti
,?i+lft;,1li$W'il81'1 rtd'e
= des P(x)+ des o(x)
des(P(x)o(x))

fieqri: ti p(x)= s"1"+ s" + . . . +a,x+ao lotefra"*o

,x"-1
!!6yo(x) = bl'+ b. , x ' ' + . . . + b rx + b o lo o f r b . + 0
ta r cvld ',jr P (x)o(x)= cl*+c,,x r' + . . . + c , x + c o
ln r d c, = (aob,+a,b,-,+...+a,bo)r{ rrf u 0 3 1 3 1 ' r 0 6 o j = 6 + n s s eei , = 6
! ! d ' 1 ! ? rq iu 6 o cn r+
llJo > n+m

tflo.nrn = aobn+m + albn+nj +...+ anb,+...+ an+.bo taflfia"+0 u6vb.+ 0

""*.
. . 0a - o ri u i r4 n q 1 u n :. b 0 r ilr F r lnl i- r dr r luc,. a"b./0
oiob.Jti'1 > n+m rrdrn+m.1 = i+j ili'rltiu4nl i = 0,1,...,j rir'hili'jr i uio
'n
I i'm uoilrlirnroilnrrn',rr1d' a= o uio o = o rir'hi1d'
c, = aob,*a,b,,, *...+arbo = 0
iflr'rvsvliu deg(P(x)Q(x) = n+m = deg P(x) +dego(x) tr

't. 3.lr'rtauenr.raq[nvzunrJr:norlorLrin:{nr1urr
1l{ooioblfi
1.1 x6+2x'1+xfi x"+ax'+x
t.z q f+zt'+tr+t n i r zf+t+ o
1.3 11y'+ 254y+ 361 i\t 57y'+ 762y+ 343
11254361
F,xt 57762343 Inenreirn1l.Jdaloiouflitiolld
^.iq.u
(n) traro4runo.:fllu'r]1T25x+4361f1t 5776x+ 2343udedruerurirro$Iluurnqrurix =lo'
(1r)r1rJn4aulo.r
llu'Lr 11l'z+ 254i+ 361 it gr" +lazt + zls udrdrurn:rlrrouluurioqnrfi

3. qrunar.ir z + x'?+4x +1
* v 2 - 1E rf umnro.$,{14r.lll]
^r5
qu, xllnvd:]n'ttl't1,lu1:..1

slrlnolirfrrn rfluirururfirurnr6'r (1+0(1+f)(1 *f1 .1r*t'"'1 =1+t+ t'?+t3+

5. ,i\r.rondnlrruylo.rrlrl'r,J
p(x)rirri'rn frfiar.rrj61u{ooiolld
5.1 p(x) = pcx) 5.2 p(x) = -ptx)
o. nrfi4eriirfirP(x)r!6yo(x) rflunquuudrdeg(P(x)+
o(x))n:rvirf,irirurn4oro.r
deg P(x) [4r deg Q(x)
a(x)= Zx'z+Zx+1 {av b(x)= x'+5x'+x
rirur.rorlrl qlv'rttvuttla(x)+b(x),a(x)-b(x)[ns

a(x)b(x)lu Zlxl Zstxl,Z6lxl r z Z,lxl !fiodrv @nrr!.nunrn'r?AruhZu,Zu wz Zr daata

l]enl|nrnm4il]lo8lns,6 ita; z ol]x.rir"rd'r

8. tloEtlrr I hrL r. '' riu - t .rlurvl rr."p'rrdur-ri.tlr^ Z .

9. qnul'il-llur d'r{i'.r6ordruro1u
Z.txJ rmrfi^.?.u1'jla!firutllx.rrirfinorrflu'irucuMrl:1u
Z,lxl
uo;nvfir1u'rl.rrir
d'.rnr
urfludrururvlrlrlu
Z,t"l nruaqrlldvtohl4rotr.rnrlurud
rdr m rflu4ruru
rvirlalr.r
Z"txl
10. q.idnri'roii1.il,u.{1-llx.ra(x)
u6y b(x) t! Z.lxl rrnvl! Z"txl 6.i deg a(x)b(x)< dega(x)+degb(x)

1.T s.ryrfllurlr t frivrni,r (20 arrTnriedrilugdaorrq1lrirluflllir f(t)

I riu6afirprr I firirhi r1z9= 6111111
1
Lz qrldrond'nunfsin'21= 4sn'ft(l sn'01 'lun'r:uaovirsint tribinlltr
i.3 s.ru6oi.jltogl 1ri1dr\.r1ll
drriu{n I t
'0
1.4 a.![6n.!i. l" lriblrrllLr
2. n.iv'lrirlm $n, p firirhi s rfluarnmuollrlurr :r"t* pr- 3 = 0 [^lvrluru
"t-
* t- m x' 5px 3=o
3. 3.1 bi p(x) [!ny o(x) n:uflI!1lrdfir'rni. fi1l p(x) (^y Q(x)
^.i||^o.i.ir?.nfli]ii1-iroj
cvrfllrflnlo.uwluruf(x)P(x) + s(x)Q(x)l ir f(x) r^! s(x) cy!fl! qu'r,r"lo I
3.2 q.it'r11tu'rNf(x) u^! g(x) frovdrtiur4url f(x)(x'z
+ px + q ) + g(x)(px'z+qx + 1)
. ,* ,iN,a
t1l!l1.llotu?llYtlNp $nr q ou

4. 11ip.(x)= x'*3t3*' 77x 8 u^!is'r!l1fi P"(x)= P",(x-n) iiruiuurinv,irursrFrr2t

s.i1rt6t.]!t:6vlE10I \ lu P.J ?l
46 mnrnnfq14fi6
lnr{nmdr:.ifle'loranfun:orfi aoru.

xt+ax'+bx+c = 0 rildllnrt xt+cx'+bx+a = 0

5. "l# a,b $ny c rflu,irurulrnuozfirnl?
firrirrniuvfisern nrurnrro.ra - b + c ttiorv-.lronrndtlfruqolnrnrevt\del
J--a r
? tX
6. s)v t"6U: n" . l6XJ1l nrUlo l1'!vu1:.1ll
l!.111U0
i:611n1a.!flri1.|

7. rrrnnrjrdrr.lFniror, [ L f l1 . ! 1 .rl
1 1 r. ,,'' v io lu t X u t t - , l- ':. , 0 0 0f r i F i ^ * 1 l

n.jTn'!

8. a.ir1 14u. F(x);{vroilri1rlrrII!4utiun;aonnd'osnrrj6nrxrliooiohlfi

8.1 F(x'.)= 8.2 F(x+3) = x'?+7x+12

8.3 + 1) = x"-ex'+ o x 5 +
F(x'z 4.4 F(x-1) +2F(x+1) = 3x'? 7x

8.5 F(x' 2x) = (F(x 20,

o. frr a 0 ,a ,,...,a5n !1.1u41..111t3411610{fl
r11.|'r:.1 a o + a 2 +. . . + a $
1 t + x + x ' 1 " n rf iq o d ' f iz u n rrn
tiliruru{
.-"
v U '" ra.l
" ,i " l r.l- l l l l ^1.ll 1l
' 0 . A l [6 t1 1 )rl l tL :.9 1 .l .l rl u o F]!L' al 1!r" !.td11]U .i Fl

( r x / ' ' tt,' r ' \' x- ' oo' roo)

' ,..-" '
i 1. bi k d!,i'uru6xrrlrn qrvrfulrvf vrdsolvruurrlu'ioriotrld
11.1 (1 +x)"+(1 -x)'* (1 +x')-

11.2 (+x)11+x')11 +x")... (1+x' )

t.. li P , iEr1,I- iinor d, b> | ( rt..ao1il
'Li
P(1) + P(4)+ P(6)+ P(7) = P(2)+ P(3)+ P(5)+ P(8)

r ior.rt[.i lur.ir{ u {T,2,3,.. ., 14.15, l6J oonrflu : tttllrriorirtinrlu'wdra-r4rr

rmn.iir !?t6li..r'uar
j
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8.5 F(x': 2x) = (F(x 2))':
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12.b; p(x)6ov!1iur.l,ra-.leto.t
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rrfi4oi: rrr:'jr ax'+nx+c ullnqlrudrn-.rnor

ri'.rriu
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6 36
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ciol qcuna.lnrrurarnr#.rfinnrflr ( c{, i)? u6s (B i)'z:

tcr-rf+tF-rt'ua:la8rurolrrnwlrfi (o, 1)'(F 1)' lntrfr
Marv'jrzunrrnrawnryirnir

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= 1o,,+B_z ,l 1 a + 8 1 + z
= (ot+p).2o B 2 ( r + p ) + 2
= 1-a1, z
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= a, +2a 2b,+2

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= (crB(o,+ B)+rF= (b-(-a)+
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drrnn.jronrrreutrnlo.rlr4urrrirnlaoloqllXrJifi
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mnrowrnradrn-rdo.r

tag t- uio

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nirrrr ..oinrn
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4x2 4ax+ a2 2a + 2 firilrri.'rn'! 3

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4x2 4ax+az 2a+2 = (2)<-a)2+ 2 2a >2 2a

d'.rriufir,rqf
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14 a)'+2 2a = 3 via a'? 10a+15= 0 ra?o a = stJlo

M i a > 4>0 r i ..r fua = 5+Jl0 o

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3. qivlflfeo.llrliurlr t' zt + tz unnrllll'u.r 2m(1+ x')- (1 + m')1x+ ml loeld4nr
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s. hi s uasp rfluirurunrrhnrraovir
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60.rx'- 3x+ 2
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a. 1d m [nv n rfluarnlowrntnluru f* ot * c=0 b rnv c lflu:rnqornrntt

s.rrr60i'i1
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, :. B -
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roa m 1l1l'ltl,f6!n rttl.UloUAt!!U? rfq rn!

9. 1 x ' .+ 2 (m+ 2 )x + 9 m = 0 9.2 x'1 2x(1+3m)+7(3+ 2m) = o

t- 12 4 ^
9. 3 m' z t' :+2 (m + T )t+ 4 = 0

(x- a)(x- b) = h' rfllrnrSr!4tto

10.s.irinsd'jrernlo.iarn.?
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12 dr ct uoz B tflutriqo.ia nt *' p* + q = I qq.rrrirtorin'rrfluriooio!1fi

n: o.:'+
B'. p: o.'+a9 + 9'
tz.z a'+B' et a' + a"B' + B'

13. dl ct un: B tflurrrornrnt vuolu..riartoa

px+q=3 .{rdrtldnr?fiii^nnlxJj ablf
"t+
.B
13.1 (cr p)'z!r^s (0.+p)'z 132 ; 16: ;

siuan.rirfirE x'?-ax+b=o
rflrrtnro.rdlnrr udx ]4 qsriuflnlo.m n'rr
a-c
x' cx+d = o dlfl

t5 'li r [ov s LfluF'rno1r1]o.rd

ntt (a + d)x + (ad - bc) = o e!fiq,rf.jr ,' un:
"t "'rfludrnor
rordrnrr y' (a3+ d3+ 3abc + 3bcd)y+ (ad bc)' = 0

16. fir a +n; b Lilflnao.lfirn1i x'? mx+1 =0 s.11i4ef'jl ____L+ ____L = _L

( a- 1) ' ( b f n2

17. s.irr,irurutlrnr x'z 2mx+16+m = 0:.r'Fil

drialti,iari1a"oo"louojrrro.:flndrnorrorarnrr
x'? 26x+ 160+ m = 0
rvirfiidrn-raorrorzuaoirrrornnr"rdo.rno.r6rnra
18. qrurneudrr4lifrvu.irr
a, b s trr
ax'+b^+c=o firnradrrflu
!!6vc lfi€drllinNnr:drdtaor
10.!ontant1,l.1
19. li,iunr.r y-rv . drinrdu t ir o t a'b i. ! [ a o { ' ] 1d m' 7
""'-
2A_ q.!V1n11i.1 p Un, q n"lUnl.]lfllldvtJ0q lojtlnYli60!11o.1111!Ulllx + pX+q i..lnlt an! p+q
un: pq orrer
droir.r
tuu'l itnv4 n'l?1r1.1u4 57

r. f 1 i A , B e r o .*; fri r}fu i r ra n Au n r r ar B tiur ntor nr ' r \ p\ q - 0

+ B)+ psln(A+ B)cos(A+B)+ q cos'(A+B) 'hX lor p Llo:q
s.lrlrirnoj sin'?(A
1,,
2. i{ua6!..ir a !!or o lflL,i rrrrt,tc?ril*i,fluauudr (ab)tz < o,
2
x ,, ; , i
rSo ril]_16!dd1rfiMo{,j'rFillndsmlnitnto.i,t'tlltuc3j!rn
n 4rucufiFirlxirioen,irFirraasrr1,rnrupr
.L
10{ n qluluul.l
g. nrurriouh,irrflurnyrfisrrofiq;irlinnrfirlo.rdln1r
ax2+bx+ c = o do a* o rfludrdrno.r
' lonofltanrlln
+. q.rurrlouhd-uila.o ..nr c fir:f tlnqllt a\'r b) c tfludrdtaornrurni
rlo{nrJn1r ax'+b^+c = 0 avli!4urur3.i6urft{ d'ra, n un:c rfluiruru
s. nrfi4ef,jrrrnr*.rno
-tr-.tm to.ttlJ tu ttuounulla:tl nrY160ie tluuqlul1lqtnlllnll.i
stt
. " - Y i
a uJo a l|nt c llll]'i'lllt1lqtn ln?o.i

lr!'rsllrio!fi! t$iti'r.ilFrio.iwJ'rsfi!1on
b

6. 1fi o u6, B tilrnmrarnrr ,'-px*q = 0 i.rv'rri'uro.i

6.rd1cdp"-B)+B1p'o'cr) 6.2 (4. p)r+ (p p)r

frr d.ln: p iilflnlora n'r? ax'z+2bx+c= 0 [nt c[+d l!a: B+d !fl1rt1nno.!4!nrt
b': -ac B' Ac
Ax'z+Bx+c = o ,i.ifidnf,i1
a' n'
s{rT4a!'ludruan n !!nr,{1ualll" fidr1fi r ual r+ 1 rflrl?1n1o.r6ltnatlttulllri'r6-.i6ol

) 1x + i - r ylx+iy = ron

nrfr4nf.jrfirarnt x'* px+q = 0 ttnvd!fl'r? px'z+qx+t = o firniutiuud'r

p+q +1 = O ,io p'*q'*t = pq+p + { . 1
"...)
10. nrfr4nd,ii rr^ni rooraorrt{!^tr drdlaor ,."r px.r q ,il4^urunirudri totautotnrnra
x'?+ px + q + (x + a)(2x+ p) = 0 rflu,irlruc?.i{irriu4n f i'rurln3r a
}i pirnrq rflu,iru,un?rdop=6 no- q=1 l findufliorJnill ..iudn{'jrfr16tJ.t
/ ^.\
It q r ", l"'- o{l q)\ | oro lJ I P , o f irn . irrirrd o p ' - rq
\ - ,/
12. riuraliarnt o' * . o firrrLil q m:, B ftrflu,irurun-rrrir{
nfi4sriir
"' '
d 'r a .*.B ua'rx '+bx +c . o
58 q1nfl6
aoru.
ln:rnradrerirsroranfun:ndmnrnnf

13.si[no.in']rul4ruruneme: fr.irxrofid'r'ldx + -L rflu,irurur6r nioru"rt.drs'ilirurudll

"
rurlrfu6o"irurllo llrrir.r
' 4. d^ a L d L ,i l L rl l ri ri I
-! r 0 o 1rv r" l !i rrornunr:
-
,'* zr" * .!- = 1
s.r![6oi'irfr'] n.r x' 6x+1 = 0 [6x a"+b" nlril"iurudlfiltritflu
a !!nvb !fl]]r1nro.rd
flqnruno.i5 druilln l,irumdrrrn n
l6 lria,,o nlu.iruuqirfrlr[flualiiruiuoSi(n nro6lrewqlo6nnSfruuufiornquurird'.rae.r
!-
2 -(, + - l l (N + t c I ttl l l l x l c l u t U ' i t i !! n

ax2+bx+c = o trifiranqii nruKoxirctO

17. drvlol# a+b+c > 0 !!6vdr..rni?

18. lri L dodrfii 1a,,a,,a.,... 1 aovitnreS.lunvfrruA,q fiorirdr:

Iaz-aj,at a2,aa-a3,... ) loer o*rfrn to.: Ae 6o a$r ai qiti'r a, frrttrr:rrir
A(A,q) 6olirfiir{1} rror aj6=a,,= o
T9. i vuohirrlr,r.ri^d
rnor runir"nt l- t o^ -, i r
frdrr.:"6rf,flu'i'r"
ril.riuo3xSt ,xfiqq{,jrlal+lsl+lc
(tz riorfrir.nfrocl r.rfir4rhi =17
lal+lnl+lcl
20. s.xu'r,irue!F'x.r!rn
ni.iurofirirl#arntnuu'rrdriilao
r

:.trnqt!6lvtuIna't!tust.i aIa,...,ai
21 drviuurias'irueuduurn
k nrfrfl'rxllds*dornurnlerrirri'rfr
k 1roifl nli.r(o.i1ro.w\14uar.[i16'.rdo.i
= 0 ii'rlrillvrn
ax'+ bx+c nlfiqnfir asr,r+ns,,+csr 'l k 2 0
siurritlrol c frrirlri a unv b rfluarnro.lrrlurrxt+ x+c lto:60oo60.i6un1t
2a" 2b'

23. qrurrirrol c frrir'|fia unv b rfluernrotrlurr x'+ cx 1 tt6t6ooa60.t( n't?

='
b' 3- 3
"'
qrv'flIu'u"irnordria uag o rflu, n lorda..nr o 6ooFdonidLlnlor..oio:dooohd
24.1 a5+b5=31 rt6t a+b=1
24.2 4(a+ bj = 3ab uaY a+b+a'+b' = 26

24.3 a'+ab + b? = 49 u6y ao+a'tr'+o'= g:'t

24.4 a'+b' = 7+ab m, a'+b'= 6ab l
u'tu |lnv6:]n1?Yl

lrrr\inin2.2 o;ttiuirl:rfi4nriirt5'rdrufilnrarrsrnlotr,:4urudr6raot6lrirtlfiorruatorn
t,ltln1o.r11tu.u6rfinmwortr:..,d0:urqnriirt5s iiln'1utufifitdo4od" rrieunrzfr'rrln1iu
Ldutdaen'!!i'rf
otirlttrinr!1ufieioiLfls:Moinr:::run'l:
orfirirlrlarumnurqnriirLSoo'.rnrlrrl6'ruirrrir'lrrlurudro-lau
rornrforu(caroan)dlLiurtuoolfirirlftrrarlrtnvrnalolnlu'rudra-larl..ll6'rlnflttutl
lnrrriufilfiqor{ioorruolrl"1
nrforufi*lr6odq:air'inr:ltrnradruiuumrnlolt'tqurrdrd'lnrr.t
(Cardans
dioiolJr,.qyriea.j,rnl,i'r:rnroryruuudro-rnrrloEa;1t,rrn1{a1
riurirdriuor'.rriolrli Methad)

ata i drn^rl66:r .fl!'i'LJLlt'lltdr"rlfrnrl-oi rirnoro'tr df 'ti

itl]r 1 : d, e, ., .flurr1u"r.
P(x) P(r)= (x- r)o(x)

rvrfi4cri , 1fi e1x;= ax'+ bx'+ cx + d !!6t | !fl!4.uru"la "l !d')

P(x)-P(r) = a(x' i r o("'- f) * c(x- d + d - d
= (x r)la(x'z+rx + f'z)t b(x + f) + cl
(af+ b)x+ (al+ br + c)l
= (x- r)lax':+

un;Lr'Ifio(x) = ax'?+ or + c; rfllnrluurird'l*o'r

(ar+ b)x+ 1ar'?+ l

fruiiz , fir r rflurrro.tlrqurrrilii'.ldli.l P(x)itd!^:fifl ulrrllii.^'"i60iQ(x) {.1

P(x)= (x- r) o(x)

: dr r tflurntollttllrl D \' r ,Ldr P f/ 0 dl l j Ll Ffl dl l l 1:tur1l L rr ' rl t' i :!

urfigti
d.r p(x) = (x r)o(x) urldiojnrt
l

do{stnn l fir r,y,z Lfllmnlow4rr dldjdl P(t)= 61'+ bt'?+ct+d udr

P(1)= P(t) P(x) = (t x)l(at'?+ (ax+ b)t + (ax'+ bx + c)l

drmn.ti'r y ttov t e;tiunnaolnqludrd'iooi at'?+ (ax+ b)t + (ax'?+ bx + c)

at':+ (ax+ b) t + (ax'+ bx + c) = a(t v)(t z)

P(t) = at3+bf+ci+d = a( xxt Y)(t-z)

 FtfuafiAdoxu.
lnainrrdr:rirflr dranittntnnfn6''rd

2 etd1-l'i.dlttlt'rt.nlo.i11ql,lx.]ti'rtilatp(x)Id'r,]nuirrr6'.r'rifrtv6ocv1d,'rn
mnd'{rnns'rnriufi
flIlrr!..rirdrnoro(,,) d rflufrrrl:t norlasl{4 nriir t5'wornturernao.trlrluudrii'taolfilarire*d'tlui'nfiazz
rrr6rqgl..ltoorfiqtrurtufrocirroie!ldirfrr^:urirnudrto,r'tuuudrdrarut:rq.'riroertlr

2.3.1 d'xo?i1.i: trt . rlnrflq! u'.drd Nl1"tdtotli

1 . x3 4x+3

i6rir : ti' p(x) = x3 4x+3 udrc:f iruruqSj t fidrlfi

P(1) = 13 4(1)+3 = 1-4 + 3 = 0
t)
L|.^nlaflnfn
tll€ 11l1l l [t1s!tu
P(x) = x3 4x+3 = (x-1)(x'?+x 3)
. . ,r
,=- a/3
!1\t :-Ortut,nflot P{,) 6n I tto 2

2. x3,12x'z+2gx tB

66rir : 1d p(x) = r'12x't2sx tg LLdr'lurirrortderfiio t ta,lq;16'P(1)= 0 iT Lild

P(x) = x3 tzx'?+29x-T8 = (x 1)(x'z11x+1s) = (x-1)(x 2)(x 9)
,nr."urriur.nouo P(x)60 1,2 vio g

rauratlq .:d'rtnorjrtarornl notlu'rt-t t'+ pt + q dwt1u'rrlur'o

zg^ ls }io{1ugr.Jru:l t u6e
""-lzr'*
,.- , a
-e.it1fl n1oti,\1lul ta0.!uol! !t
1fi x = y+4 ununrlunqurufidrulotrlrl'ldnluudrd tarrluol-ru:J: y fifitrrlrrllrflud'rd
(y + 4)1 12ly+ 4)'!+ 2s(y+ 4) 18
= y3+ 3l4y' + 314'y +4' t2y' (12)\8)y 4a + 2sy +29(q - rc
= y" tgy _ 30
= (y + 3)(y2 3y- 10)
= (y + 3)(y 5)(y+ 2)

rirl#1d y = -lt, z v?o s unvld'x = t,z r|io I Lflurrnlo$'rr1u'utrilriu o

trs:doiurrrnnSidrvffi
n'ud 3 do,nr.j.o'urullfiet#ldmirr,lrarornr4ururirdrnulnq:.Ju:.rtt
'
tornqurrhilfiriou ri'rJ.uri'rodrr:.:.ttm6rfiornranrvrmfirrjlourffol#ld'iirne:'ldt-lfurirnruolotld
?tlru'tt.][ln;4nr? l-,r1l'-r:.1 6l

uu! af+ bt'+ ct + d 6.:r.tfirrl6.i11Xn41ufll[!!

(n) !n !urt.]drii'.rdr!.r11-li a{t3+ pt + q)
rrq;r.ir16'odrrtr
16'u6olriuovrirli'
(1) syfinrvurunr?t'-rt'rnodrrfioa a(13
t rrarirrfirrlu'rtrtird'.rarultJltttrtr + pt+cr)ti€ki

(n) u16'itnncrftfrrrmolllfiroelrr
rfie'l#16'rirnorril.rirrirar!.rio z.:.1 'jrL:r161drr:u:lartirtdu
=
l lunrrir nwr,lurrrordoodrr2.3.1to 2 ul6isvnorldnm*nrii'nsru:Firlaetit y + t
orlr.r.l'rr
:. "r o - | o 6 r;1.;
,,runr'h"nr.rr"
+ c(y+ k) + d
a(y+ k)3+b(y+ k)'? = bk'?+ck+d)
ay3+(3ak+b)y':+(3ak':+2bk)y+(ak3+

lrallrrlru'rdo.inrrhia(y+ k)'+b(y+k)':+c(y+ tr;+a odlu: ufrlifirnddro-rno.rr arirfro.rrirlti

3ak+b = 0 1lt€
3a

druarrrrrr;rrunmiiui!Fr6!riln'rtl{o(r) rm;fi4crir,rquirlr:.:.: oiol fidrtfluuuenmrfroror

a(t3+ pt + q) erirllrinrrnrffi4ori
A.rfaruiqvKi'r.iirrsurrn'rtdlri!trflnf,!rfll1oltprr4urrfifiplrrur
rrioll1urrff :
qr+i!fl 2.3.2dd'orordsard6rolirururir{oud.rn;td'ndmfi

2.3.2 ?ttl1t01l1l : 4n tulx]fr!ntlltl.lltlJai..lrt3dMnrluarunuqti avxlttnatroutill€fl51nr1i

!.ioqjlupJLLll
trrarrreouia.trrt4urrdro"rrrt.lryl'rr4uru
rvrfi6cri , o-rldntimtiLLd':iirlfruir
pt + q)
a(13+
31tr+pt + q1ldiraro 6rLfit.rnofrnlfi4nrirqufi!vrtoflrtnriitoilll.lurN1uelur!
^.
1 p(u = t +pt+q loefi
- - i p unr q riu"iruruqir LLdrs
vuntrj'i'rf i'rurun3.ic[ frtr"hi

t3+p t+ q = ( c[)(t':+l]t+1)
tr.lr - u+v rflurnro.ilqlrxr1r+p1+q fuEearrf i'tflnoq]lufllrtllu + v tt6'r!: "r LrttdYv

u3+ v' + (3uv+ p)(u+ v) + q = 0

rrnd.rritdutrdornml#Ld'
urlnrmurfr dr n,' ir li ",. p
rfi b.i*r r - ' r r ir vfir r n:i
6Un1r o *o:1i

u'* u' = o rir1fi16'rvrrarmr _ ' [1..4' l J) L [n: tl l Ll l -10l ?rtl r '

-3 9
{

y+qy =\r uu00 1u, v l =t -T.1)

3 Jlq t V27q-+ ap" L
(
2t
t .-r-
ov,
 qarnnf nun6alu.
lnNnr:drarifle'ldrdnfunvnfi

\i o = ztq'+ +p' uri,li,iteurnrdEiolld

nari't : frr o ' o udrrquu v'*qv -h mrv'ir6on3fituuri

firavirnorrflu4rurunir
o ',o'+oo .a, 2 z q 2+ a p
9J0.!y'-qy - ----j-
an ,i.lt!n I D "
0 llnl 0 o1fl
t ,/

lri ul *nv vl rfluarnq?rre.rdorro.r

v'. ov -\ fiiriu u" *ov vodu'iru,unirirunovJ
r
!a
1tlq!1L l Fpl .o i.i 'atlt^ntl.noo
- J0 v0
Y .t,,. "
"[rr!1a!rr4 |1jonqr iurnv-lri'hi"iru.1lciile.i P(t) 6n z rrnfrdo uotr)+vo(l)'ztt^: uo(D':+
v00J

ljd
,fiu co 6ur.n,lguglu drrfluarnvi
: ro.rrl

n:62 : fir D = 0 lldqnl'rfltu.i.rv'. qv h firrnrftaordu'iru':un?r"irnil

o' .. .
1ri ul rfllrrn'irtor y'+qv + ufrr q = -zrj rrnt \ = tu"f u.'top= sr; Iosfr
) ,",
- rr:,ld.ir .ln.fl1.i^lr;ni to"tr ..0:.firhl-r-fu
u" ,flr"i r-,r"n-'16
r'+ pt+q = t' :rit zri = (r+ uo)'z(t-
2Lro)

rirlf1dr!.u:nii: - o -q 6o-", vr-ozu,6r,iut

"i,uu^ou, ''^r-rirdr"

p
n trfi 3: n'1D . O u6o.i,irtqrtrr.r
y'+ qy-
21
1Jfl
-t n11:60tFr0u [ni v fl i l ]qaueutl i90u
J-. ,t ,-
d l!l.lun.iqnl€lnxr[6:nxr rir'l#rarorrta6on u uo: lnuun3n1,l[nv60anno
!.tt:.lun6i4n10
- lr]!?iuu
=-q
l u +v p
I
^rJfl1f 3
|"

hi u = r(cos0+isino)uor v = r(cos0 isino)riu?:llnrirfiror

u
u' + v' = r'tcoso+ s n0)'+ r'(cos0,i sino)' = zr'(cos
s0)

,u = r'(cos0
* rsin0)(cosO
rsrnO) = l(cos'0*sn'0) _,p
3
rfo p Jr uonTrni L r v zr.osO r:tdt1n

p(2rcoso) = (2rcos0)3
+ ( sf)(zrcoso) :f'(cos:0)
= er'cos'0- olcos0 zr'(acos'O: cos0) = o
drrLaorirzr"o"0 rflu:rnro.o,r1urrP(t) = t'+pt+q u^s 2rcos0 rflu"t'rurll3.r
l't1.lu]:ra u6:.1n'rtt\
141J]:.J 63

lralraru4: uonerad
"..n J3sinu Dr r r .osv- {rl-
" rz .. o . u a ) \ J:1v|^
= ( r)'(cosO+ J5 n 0l' * t :;x otcos0*n6sn0) z,'("o"e0)
"
= * en6 cos'Ostn0) * gcos0srn'O *sJt 0t
"i"'0 " "
"("o"'0 + :icos 0 + :Ji isin 0 zr'(+cos'0 : cos0)
= :r,6 r'sin0 g r' cos0 + s i cos0 + sicos0
"-s.0 + :J: is n 0 ei - sicos'O* or'cos0
=0

Lrovluli'l.ror6srdlr
P(2rcos(0+ = o 6.ruao,r'itrriro',rllor
C*pt*q 60 2rcos0,
f))
.^ 4- j-
z' o 0-l) u3" 2 o.,0-5) 6t"flt-iu.r".?tr-ruro

t'+ pt+ q qvirns?.iotlr..rdoe

o"rriulri'jrnari'lo I rn tr

q
hnrv:.:tunrrqornnforufrrtr'l{x = t 3a udr e1x1 nlr t
nrrdeul6'luphlu'rrdrdrarrlun"r
i, ! ."
"tlI lultvl!1lnr6
- l?loI ft
" i lxl

pt^J = p1 9r = tr+ot+o

frrhXt = u + v tilrlrolrutrll tt+ pt + q rudrrrffi4oriaowqr*flrr ,u =-t

:.:.2 uanr.j"

flr ttlrtta u = ,rv tto V= i; tr.lUuflnl!11'ltlllu C+pt+qe:oq]1uflurr

p4 p
t = Lr+v = u+ v = v (1)
:v

p
uennrrflntfr4nfiowqui:n z.:.2 e-ruaol4ru' unv vt ovtflurnrolttuu r r y' +

=
"1
" {4'.[;4] z
tf t
l q --J
z l ll l
drlaovjr , *nv v ,utflurrrowlurrdtdrou
tfr
P,k) = r,;[q + t?0 P,tz t.' - J l f/" * 9
r.ttuttrntr6orq
orrrrirn'urrdrloovqufirn 2.3.2 r.lfioetfiir ndrvir *11n
vrlurr
"fimasiiotl
t,

ln:rnrrdrminararanfunynrfinarn
nf uaffinolu.

ti n uo; e rilrneirao rlu1t] Pr(z)lrnr P?(z)

nudrd'u udrnorrorrrnri.iv1]o10.!
P,(z)

t rt 6 0 . -rg rg ru -l* ' -{ 3

6 0 ta.( tA.trrA l drutrororn flurero t p ? , , rrd { B . t o B . t rrB rln u f i 0l

fi.rrflurnfi : 1o.r l ri'l;lJlofl (r) rarrvld'rrnlolrrn#tuuoqolt3+ pr+ q

{A *, r,lA-3oA, r,ra-f, I
uio tB -#,p a)B-5fi6, ()'B ---:- l
-=. 3C)'?8
:-,1
[FtiFll1 60 l,l. ] 1. 1[ { r t t dr ' lt h. : (o -
i;
..hr a) = +(D' {.l#ld',
"p A+B,
"38

-,'
(l)B-;+ = (DA+ (D:B.
3(aA
tt6: (jf'A - --i, r,te - 1. = o?.+ ( dB
l( D' A 3(l)_B

{ n +a ,rrl l +o 'e ,o 'l +to e } -#" )

1e-fi,oe-3ft. al'A
{e -$, toe-*B ofB
#E }

tfllmnrorarnfrivrnrer
tt*pt*q rlrrr:o:rYuttnoulr",nritrru^ouo 6o
ux3+bx'?+cx+d

{e + e-$fi ,ron+rrr'a -fr; l

S ,or'n+oe

nluttrnrorgrntdrn-rnru x'+3x' 3x 1i = 0 loflldf?:leunlraororforu

16t 4 T :l tx = t I tt6 !

:" 11 = (r 1)3+ 3 (t-1 )' : -3 (r-1 )-i1

"'* :"'
= t' gf + s i 1 + 3 (' ? 2 t + 1 ) 3 (t i) i1
= t'ot a
li | = u+v drrrnlo.t t'-ot 6 udr u'ua; vt q:Lflurilolnllurrdrdtooi
y' oyna = 0-a)0-2) dlf! {!',v') = {2,a} ituaovjru mv v es!fl!,iruru,i3.ifirs!6v
Iu,v1 = 1t12, Vq ) ir1#l6mnlolr,lnu"lvr.tonolltlu.rlrt' or o 6o

l\,8,,-q . \/i a *,Jr a', rEar'-'4+611

{"Ji +tJi t,'^lza +"^/-+

n'lriurrordrorouo.r*rnmda a' t,1J2a\'./-a6 -,1 O
EF,']!!!q!4!!t!1tlu1 65

23.4 6'x€tj1{: i/s.,[t +a {z.fzt a =t

^lu6ro.l.

'16111 : li a {rJz Ia J1 J2' - 8 ""6r

{ 2 r 1 8 ,l v)v2 r+8 , v'./r r I | f8 ( v1J2 8/ { - J2 8)
' vr J
' 6 j 1 ,r3 v- l 8 )/r!/ 8 \ l a /JV2,l 8 { .J_ 8./
= 16- 3Av(3{21+ 8)(3.v218) = l6-15A

e l;ttluarnloiuuurrdrd.ifirlrF(x)= ,'* ts" te irrarvrarrui.llolnvurrdld'6at urary

:1 ) = 13+(15)(1) to = o rirhi'ld
F(x) = xJ+ 15x 16 = (x 1)(x'z+
x + 16)
x'1+x + 16 dj6o 1' 4(16) < 0 Lrlrrldi,tr.n
-.e;Iosi'r:ntt,ino!6'rr6ooifruuurirorlqurlldrd'rdo.r
r:rnorro.rx'+x+to bikiirurlnir riu6ox'+tsx t6 fi 't Mtiudnlurrnqirroyurr:r.r
i = iJ3.v/21+8 - l 3{r1 - B Lfll,iruunirfi rfluarnrol x' * 15" T6 Lrq-.raerl16'.j,r

1!/ rvzr To 3J21-B !)

yr:rnleraunrrluioriold
1. sr'ld.ryu.runrrflo.iFrrforu
T.T xr 6x+9 = 0 1.2 x! 7x+6=a
1.3 xr 12x'z+2gxft ' A 1.4 x3 15x2 33x+847 = 0
1.5 2x':+4x + 9 = 0 1.6 2x3+ x'+ 75x 81 = 0
2 qirQfluflnfiifluirurus?{lrn1€n6x.rn'rr
x' 3x' x .6 = o h.r'oq]lunloeir,ritg
3. sifrasf'j'l

t. Jzo- A-D .'J 2a+a".2 = 4

3 . 2 ' . , 1 ^ 1 5 +2+ e,l"ls- 2 =
"ls

4. s.lr4'rFil
a r6rr"rny-lrro1r!.nlllurr.rirn-lnrr
2"t x' 7x+a fr'rrarr.jrrntlrnl€nranz rin
ro.l.lrr.lurrrflu
1
s. orrrriol'hiirtiu p [n! q ij'r a, b uny c rflurnro.lt,rr4u.uritn-r5,1p
x3* px * q *a:
aonnfiorrioulqc = :.+
66 orfq1afli
lne{n1rdr:rirflraraniua;nnimora noru

lernriileprar
2.s',

r. qrunovjri'r
r,rflurnfi: ror uf 6rrflur.a{rror f.ru-i rdrrlu'rtrt'*ptnq fiarn
irtrln,iliu t.* pt* q = (t+ u")'lt 2uo)
uvlnrurflu"iruruqir
p firirhlnrrrr 1r+px'+:x t0 = o firnril.rnude
2. qru'r,irumq3.r n,n c ooond'o.iriufiortl
c b=b a'o v rfur f iu T r n v i. r a . r
rvRrf,
u.u'uavut tflurnfiuornoirriillrorruurrdrin-u
3 uorr',,itrlu,v9l.trofilriti,i.leuormsg6'!

ilut-trrlfi a + bi Lflurnfrrflu'irueurirdolrelhlln'rtx'+ px + q = o loefra,n,p,q iflu,irurr

sii[nY q+o nj[K ojir aq > o
x3+ax':+T1x+6= 0 ttny6 nat x'+bx2+l4x+8 = -
s.lvlFi1loi a [air b fid1hXnx.]|1r
z ra
frrrnatl..ln'u
6 irurorl# p un: q rflrdrlrunrrir
6.T vi.rsrv1drulua !!oi b fr'l1fi x'* p* * q = *'* a'* o' sub" tfiv3o1si
o. ', !)r- " [n: o lr-j. o. tri 'ru rior-l1irirlid,,^l o,flL;]Lt-r:t
'r-r.r
'i
6.3,r.rumrnrotrr1u'rrrird"rouhg:J*ru x'+ px+ q loulfi{oo.t
z. 'luil n.s. togz oescartes 'ld'a 6irti r
irr nrvrrunrerrtriqo.r vur drli-ifilosn
"4n1 rr4ul.rlugrlrLrr p"'* q* * , rioul6llpJ (x'z+ ux+ v11x'ux+ w)
"'+

fio u, v, w doo6rd€.itrulldxrnat
["r*r'='ruoyrrrnrrrrdrnrimdurrrnld'6'cenmdrd
v *av w LLdrtd'aurr:hdrLrlr
u'
7.T lilus.ifrqod':i'rf6i'riqoi Descades
z.z nr rvqnfnwltrlrtlro,l Descartestffourflnlo.ini]ilt x' 12x'+ 27 = o

8. .f.1:rJ!.r ..[:lolnuL Ln]016il"i:lrrlil tror.tul1l,.LL o q , rr lFutot

"
g. ao"aranuir"urruoaunl'x' 4x T = 0 ri6ys.rdi"r.intJllaunrmrarnto.l6lnl:1!llull

=( u' tuo k tllln'tulllntn [q "]

T0.,rjrltlnlonflu1l'rxr*a+ x3+ x2+ x + 1

111.1XJ1:.t
UnJ6:.tn',t?1{qU',t
t.l 67

nrfl.rduxgrJuuu
ic Equations
oso.t Descane. 1t' .,ri rr-.:tlu
rarl6'rriu*rrntrl..lfi rv . rtorflvl" r." irilladrlul"r d
r1r;u'r:.:1rr.r'r{odrrnr!!6oin'rttllrfio.rd!nlmlurrvr.rpJtttrrfitarntnrnr-ni6ronrvfillr{rltrld

4 X F 'd ,-
"
orn.'rlurrhplu1]! (x a)(x b)(x-c)(x d) = e 6o a,o,c,c Lro;e rflurlro.ro-elosfr
a + b = c + d u.6'ri]'lmio6r.rfl
'lrfriilMuohioqilugrloobJfi
tx'+ (a+b)x+ abltx'+ (c+d)x+ cdl = e

firantt 6slot'e[:lrlo{nnrr'h,rri
*6orirriunmurarnqornurraoiol! Ior!lli
y = x'+ (a+b)x

ufrrorldiar nmlvr.l1upl
(Y+ab)(Y+cd)= e

6rrflunrnrelrrllrrdrdrnorfitrrarurmtrdrnorl6'

(x 5Xx-7)(x+6)(x-a) = 504
2.4.1 a-'to!i't.l; s.i1.{'rr'rnero.i6!rnrt

(x+ 6) ur^rld
i6rir : {u{ (x 5) fi! (x+4) Lmt (x-7) ri'r.r
564 = 1x' x 2qg'?-x a2) = t(x' x) 20)lt(x'-x)-a2l
= (y 20)(y a2) t do"li
= y. 62y+ 840

y' o:y* gso = (y 6)(y 56)

(x':-x - 6)(x' x 56) = (x 3)(x+ 2)(x 8)(x+ 7)

fiiriurnrornunrrdrflullldda -t, z 3, g [ns d-istnntF]msaet:riioo! Lraq:1d't'llttllolrtnfruuoro.t

6 nr ?6 o { 7 , 2,3,8} O
 -il

68 tgai6noru.
lnr.rnr:drrrirarnrdmiunvnrniora'ranf

(1-x)'+(l+x)a = ez
2.4.2 frxad1l: s.r1r'rt1f1ro.r6*rn.t

i6rir : ez = ttr xff +ttr +xfl' = lr+x7-2xl'+ (1+x')+2xl'

= 2l(1+ x])'1+\2t)'l = 2(1 + 6x'+ x")

rirl#Li. o = x, + ox, 40 = (x,+ 10Xx,a)

= (x'+1o)(x2Xx + 2)
x= lJroi
drriuarnrorarnrrfrLiltrltddo uio x =:Lz rrnvua"rqtnnl:o:tn6olrirno!
te'lqvldtqo
o u o "' , n fro " u ^o u l n u n ra{6 o ,.40i,- z ,} O
'4 0

Lrdruror,jrnrsreunrmo.ifrorjr{ (x+ 1)*+ (x 3)' = 256

2.4.2'rv16'ki'ld'fiinrrrrrrnlo.l6x.lf.t
luriufi fridurar;arntlufrrotlrr:.+.2finnrrarq^rvt'jrlacf (1-x)ii!.r(1+x)ari,lrdofirgesnrn t llyrr.l
, i r r , v i" vr" rt..a :1 l i ul i u
v r't.,vi ,'L vutur r 1' lir f lr li d:netr othsdJtootfinnir ir r i r ui
rfisitnloiv re irhiL:rl"iLondruni(a b)'z+ (a + bl = 2(a'+ r') lun'uoouoiellld' n-lfunrtahl
(x+ a)' + (' + u1'= . ,fru, b tt6fc lfll,lFiroldttrliidioiirrH]fieu
nrr1rrun1flr1r'rnlord,.lnrrhfl]!r!!
a rfiorirlri
iu6otn6'ornrrvrrirnrfrr
dru:llioli'tdnrmrlud'eurlrlurioqjlu;lnrognri'.rndrr
y+ d = x + a llny y 0 = x+ b

o * v--o , . \ ' -" / -\ ' , o

y iflufrid
ril6o y rfludrrodrror (x + a) !r^r (x + b) udrfrl#1frnrnrr'lrd'rrLrlrh,rrl
(y+0) +ty or = e

(x+1)'+(x-3)4 = 256
2.4.3 n-,:odN : s.lrrt.fl1€n6,rfi'ri

**r rir : rit6ol#

y dsrflurirro6sror
i6rir : rarrlornrat'hio{lupldrLLrl:}.ul "
1- /.i l l .- 1
.
i i 'r'l
drsvirlr1'16' = y+1 rlnrfie$1!^l1!^un',rd,i."u, rarovtdarnmfioq]luflJarqnluirLLrli
y r'l"rfi
"
t(y+1)+114+ l(y+1) 3la = 256 vio (y+2)"+(y 2)" = 256
i
" n't ?nt3a1fl \to
il.t?n
"- !
oiu
 2s6 = + l(y- 2)'z1' = (y'+ty+t), +1y,-ny+t),
l(y+ 2)'1'1
= ly'?+ af + By(y'+ a) + rcy'?+ {y,+ 4), 8y(y,+ 4) +16y,
= 2l(v'+ 4)' + 16y'z1
y?o pA = ya+8y,+16+16y,
drrirl#ld' o = yo+24y'?-r2 = (y'+ 2l)(y'z-4) uavl6' y'= 4 uia y,= 2s
6'irinrrnirflulrlldso.iarlnralln-rudry Aa y=!2 llil y=12J7 rLavrdooriesaoldrno![dr6rqyld'
rrnno n rln .rr x=
d o !z +t ui a x = !2J 7+i r ir f io x = s , t : r t a t ! 2 . 1 7 O

nlvtrnloraunrr"lu{orio1lfl
1 . ( x+ 3Xx+ 5)(x2)(x-4) 120
2. (x-2Xx + 3Xx+ 6Xx+ 1)+ 56 0
3. (x + 1)(2x 7X2x+ lxx - 3) 96
4. Qx 7)(x'z-
s)l2x+5) sl 0
5 . ( x+ 1) a +( x+5)a= 82 6. (x 1)'+ (x+ s)' = 238
7. (2x 1)'+ \2x+ 1)' = -8 8. (3x 2)"+ (3x+ 5)' = 8a
9. (x 12)1+ (x + 7)a = 96
x -t- v
10- c{t'tt1n10.ltY!ill4?Jn'tt x_y ,')

d{mn.jatt1€l11ll?lnminllurrll<o*,t+ tt+ x * t larsli'nl finmraurne aa.ra'rdrtf;n*re

ar.!1Ln1irrr nro rrqlr^r ldlor{or:rar.rnr:rfiulvrin'rd

x" ' x' + x'+"rr x(x,-,-,-: - "r r , . , 4r 1 x+ x1 1 +r 1

+
t
i ta t2 ;).t ,t z1
"*1_1
x
= ,1t,*11'* r'*1t rt
xx
70 q1nfli
*ort-.
lq:rnrrdrrrirsrnrnniua:r,rniororanf

rluoirula ,<* l
s;Lriu.i'iflr.:urx.rld0irrrlnrLioqilulrll!.luixrdrdraio fiurnrr Lanl4qorrn :.
rt!1'u'n1u).,r11{1r
rirdraorurrtirrol,*l lfr LLn;'lufraorL:rfis:16'Fi,lrrn
x to.rrr4lru'luff4o
rirvirrr4urrlo rfrll io r qfinr l-Fifr
rsudrdun'l luriiriiodrr6.ra n1o.i
uln6ru'rnfi!!!n r r1.rt'r
11l,l1l',rX.t
vr'.14 ! Ufl [nlJ!

Ft-aoellrliux"+j, 1!13x:13y':+1 5xt-2x'+4x'+4x' 2x'+5 rlrrLrluyrvlrrdrurdtt

ax'+trx'+ bx+a = 0 do a [n! b rflrrr]rnld-illo:

drrnn.jrgrm:drundulugrl a+0
x = 1 rfl1]?1nio{6x]nlr
rioisriruurxr P(x)= ax:+ nx':+br+a ffLastvdonrnrrrrrr6er
^+
=
PG1 ) -a:b b+a =o rirlX li
a x'+bx'+ bx+a = (x+1)(ax ' : (b
+ a )x + a )
[ri6r]fmlu?1lL!11axa+bxj + cx':+bx + a = 0 flr mrl{016'lurl

x'(ax '+
tx +c + i . =o t?€ ^ t a l^ * lr' + n t ^ + lt c I
f,t
-o r
rirlli:ld' ,+1

. joi. rot rd..J d ri. . nfr^sin!:.ri rdrnot:h :rif .!lld,drr,ot i

1.

2.
nuu'l:..][[nJ6:.]nl fl r1.lu'r
]J 71

1l1]ft{3ri: (1) fui e1'1rflrw1l'wdrurnirdrri'r n ude a. = ao+ 0 !!n!

P( x) = a"x^+ a",x"' + . . . + a"jx + a" = x " 1 a " * |+ . . . + $ * $ 1

= + a,t]l + a.t]f +
x" qa" +a" , (f )" ' + a " (f f )

= x"P(+)
+...+a,x+a" lotli P(x)= x'P{+) udx
e1x)= s"x"+6",;*1
ua;fl'r1#

+,x"'++a,x+
+x"+ a
= ;:il:l:il,-".lt::..:tu,(+,"'.."(*n

dr1#1^'ir
drlornrdfrnrlflurlurr6flrii'u nrsvld.jr{urlrvdndlollrsrjifirirdlMrri'uc:d'o.ityirfiu
u,= a" rirufi:In'l i unvflFoar:iiaornttiunrlurrdrunni:

r:r tl er^,.flunr4r-
rldrr-'ritfriri^ri'rtflri
ruru{ zn rirdr
P\tl = aav + ajv + . . . + ajY+ 40

- 'i;"r
= + 4l * a.tx"'*-]-t +
x"la^(^" + u " , { ,*, l) *
"J

1
dt\i z !?'tcrtd

x' + --t = \x + )_ z ,' z,

:, -L = f,.* fl 's ,
* tx* lt' :tx* lt =, ' e .,
= rr+l f, q| = 1x+1f,n1x' + 1,
-4_L a I ^

= .n t(" -z) e za 4t+2,

= (--
+f 5x31ox-
1q- +
= rx+1r' 5tx r++)-ro ( r T.
z' slz' lr) to.

rrrautnolJdr
rudcloei6q:Jriori.rnfionrnni x-*+ rieutdlrpJnr1uuto.r 61l.ft:lrn T

4rueudrurn k
r

72 naranfq1nfl6
ln:inr:dm'riflfl'rdrdnfunvnrfi aoru.

(3) hi P(x)!fluvrnr.ldlrlnii'ufrirird-rrfll,ilnud zn+ t udr

p(x) = aox + ax + a. x +. . . +a r x +a r Y +a o

ri'rriu e1-t1 = ao+ar a2+,.,+a, ar+ao = 0

j
6{udor.jr P(\)= { r ' I)o r\) In l l 1 1 q ({ rtuL14q! ttl l r ,61.1l U r.U )U f

(4 i1 a+o rf,urnsorarmrdrundrp(x)udrTnfli'o
t !?r,ivld'
0 = P(a) = a"P{l)
c !
Infli a'lo
" d.rrhr
-!
l.
p{l) i , 1
- 0 irllnori'r; iliurr ro.r pt., d'rfl tr

: errenfrialnolaowlu'r.l xs 4x'+ 3x3+ 3x'z4x + t niorrfwrrroriltrotolttlurr

a6yll : t!lo.1C1f , 4i 3, ,iunr4r"rdrr--riuifirirdrrflu,i drriulnr

'!ru6
Aa ,i
6l.l1ltl110.l1'tla1.l'11.1
6'lrlnn!l'rlo : n4" rfin:,fi . r t ,iudr i: no' c'rvir tt 6 r'1r,"
*u l"o*:"' * g*' -4x+1 = (x + 1)(x1
, 5x3+ Sx'? 5x+1)

g* * lt * st
"'t* '
s"*6 1, ,1t*'*At s1*
x 'Le +L ) ' 2 s 1 * +{ t * a t + 1)'z s(^+ 1) + 6l
^1(^ xx
+ !) zl(x+ 1) :l (x': 2x + 1)(x'z 3x + 1)
"t(*
(x l)'](x'? 3x + 1)

lvttlvovlju
x5-4xa+3x3+3x'z4x+1 = (x+1Xx 1)'z(x'z
3x+1)
m:4oi'rmrnnturanol x' 4xo+ 3x' + 3x'- 4x+ 1 dlidntddo t rirrnntwrndrflutrltdrol(" t)'

!!6: ', 3r + t ir6o -t, I, r ralo- ]g rlnri'rtiunnrolvtqurrO

un;fioorarqaoudromrudtruj,

m}id'rmor.jr 6.rufnr4utrluJlJu::r:*' * n*'* cx' bx + a ctlxildflqltrtJdoundllwinrfiorq

ir:qnn"iinrruanri'r*noruionrwrarnaornrurrd.rr.rnri'rld'aii
a' o -r " ' * c * ' * b x + a = x' ( a x'o-" *" .I.+ l = o o - *n
' 1 a ' ' *1 ,. " -
.- a (x - ri' . z c b rx * )l

- ".-"t, lt" nr^ l' ' z ' .l

 1!1t1:t[lnv6:]n1?l.J r 73

sivmrnao.iarnrr'h{eriolld
1, xo+ 2x' x"+2x+1= o
2. 8xo- 42x' + 2gx' + 42x+ 8 = 0 (1dd n.?druna'rviohi r)

3. +12x'z+25x+6 =o
6xa 25x3
4. 3x' 16x' + 26x' 16x+ 3 = o
5 x5+ 3x3+ gx'?+'t= o
6. 4x'-20x6 + 33x5 16x4 16x3+ 33x'? 2ox+4 = a
7. x3+4x6 loxa+4x':+1 = o
+ 1)- 63x(x'?
8. 10(xa = o ndarrr:drund'rralolri
- 1) + s2x'? r)
9. (x+ 1xx'z+1Xx3+1) = 30x' (rofl1vflni!flu,iruruirunnl
10- 5x3- 2x6+ 4x5 + 4x3 2x'?+ 5

t. }i x'+ xo+x'+ x'+ t d.ridu6unrrnrfll^iruuurn

e r:llrn4rulo.lrrnr'.ivlro!;nfll1t-t'u
r!t1 afg(P) i.i 0 < arg(P) < 2fi
2. w\u1tldflndukloaG,uasi - reciprccatpotynam,a,6€fl1l1r1drifldiilufllu:lu

--L p

a.iLntle fl-lf'rtllaltr,tUtlttofl tt t-\+;: [AtlitqYM]Irl.!r,l1 ntn tn0.i tl,lfllttlllt

f-o-+o a 6ralrairunuu_uvrti^ut-,n
e. nrunnrjuluuiird'.:dhgrJuuut'- q*'- x s 1rnd^.i"hiulur{1.r1rJ1u
llu:r
^r
ua++vu3+(ev'? q)u'+ (4v' 2qv - du + (v" qv' rv s)

I 4. ,in!!6o.i.j.r
,o+aur'+ 1eu'-q;u'* (+v' zqv r)u+ (vo qv'
lun''rullru rirtntn'onv 'hinonndorarn
rz
rv s) rilnr.luudrunn"'lacoi

v r r4s)v' q)u'- ^v -; - 0
-(o
5. qlt'tt'tn1o.i6!n1t xn+zx'-zx+2 = 0