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Protection System PGDC

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Priyadarshee Shaswat
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37 views20 pages

Protection System PGDC

Uploaded by

Priyadarshee Shaswat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of relays

Based On operating technology –


• Electro magnetic relay
• Static relay
• Numerical relays

Based on actuating quantity


• Voltage operated relays
• Current operated relays
• Impedance operated relay
• Frequency operated relay
Types of relays
Based on relay output configuration
• Self reset relay
Flag Hand Reset
• Latch type relay with hand reset
Self Reset
• Latch type relay with electrical reset

Contact designation
• NO (Normally open) Contact
• NC Normally closed) Contact
• Time delayed contact – Delay in pickup
• Delay in drop off
Types of relays
Based on Operating time Characteristic
• Definite time
• IDMT Inverse definite mean time
• Instantaneous
Contactors
Operating supply
• AC Contactors
• DC Contactor

Application
• Control contactors
• Power contactors

Aux Contacts
With Aux contact
Without Aux contact
Abnormal Operating Conditions
Over votage
Under voltage
Over current
Under current
Over frequency
Under frequency
Negative phase sequence current/voltage
Combination of above
Protection scheme
Differential protection
Restricted earth fault protection
Carrier aided protection
Impedance based protection
Over/under current
Over/under voltage
Over/under frequency
Over fluxing
Protection
In
Transmission system
Transmission System/Switchyard Fault
• Over current protection ( Directional / Non Directional)
• Over Voltage Protection
• Synchronization relay
• Differential Protection
• Distance Protection
• Carrier aided protection
• Direct inter trip
• Power swing Blocking
• Revers zone
• Busbar / T Point Differential protection
• LBB
• Pole Discrepancy
Generator Protection
Fault Originated from Grid/Switchyard

• GENERATOR DEFINITE TIME OVERLOAD PROTECTION (51 G1/G2)


• GENERATOR NEGATIVE SEQUENCE PROTECTION (46 G1/G2)
• GENERATOR BACKUP IMPEDANCE PROTECTION (21 G1/G2)
• GENERATOR DEAD MACHINE PROTECTION (50GDM1/GDM2)
Generator Fault
• UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY (27G1/G2)
• GENERATOR OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION (59 G1/G2)
• UNDER FREQUENCY RELAY (81U G1/G2)
• OVER FREQUENCY RELAY (81O G1/G2)
• GENERATOR REVERSE POWER PROTECTION (32 G1/G2)
• GENERATOR LOW FORWARD POWER PROTECTION (37 G1/G2)
• GENERATOR FIELD FAILURE PROTECTION (40 G1/G2)
• GENERATOR OUT OF STEP (POLE SLIPPING) RELAY (78 G1/G2)
• GENERATOR DIFFRENTIAL RELAY(87 G1/G2)
• GENERATOR AND GT OVER FLUXING PROTECTION (99 GT1/GT2)
• 95% GENERATOR STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION
• 100% GENERATOR STATOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (64 G2/G4)
• GENERATOR ROTOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (64 F1/F2)
• GENERATOR INTERTURN FAULT PROTECTION (64GIT)
GT/UT Fault
• GT BACK UP EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (51NGT)
• GT DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (87T)
• GT HV OVERCURRENT PROTECTION (51GT)
• GT REF 64RGT
• OVERALL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (87OA):
• GT HV OVERHEAD LINE CONNECTION DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
(87HV):
• UT‐A/B DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (87UT)
• UT BACK UP EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (51NUTA/B):
• UNIT TRANSFORMER HV OVER CURRENT PROTECTION (51UTA/B):
• UT LV RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (64RUTA/B):
HT/LT Switchgear
Protection
Incomer Feeder
Over current protection
Earth fault protection
Under Voltage

Transformer Feeder
Over current protection
Earth fault protection
Motor Feeder
• Thermal Over current
• Over Current IDMT/DT
• Earthfault DT
• Differential
• NPS
• UV
• Block rotor
Revers Blocking Scheme
• Fault in the outgoing feeder of a board is sensed by it’s relays.
• Two out puts will be generated
1. Trip the faulty feeder
2. Send the blocking signal to up stream breaker (I/C or Tie I/C)
• Same fault will be sensed by the upstream feeder relays also
• It will process the trip as follows –
1. If reverse blocking signal is present trip with 300 mSec Delay
2. If reverse blocking signal is not present Trip in 100 mSec

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