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10 views15 pages

MFC1-Unit1-Part1 - L1

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nakhatebhavana
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MIT Art Design and Technology University

MIT School of Computing, Pune

Mathematical Foundation for Computing -I


UNIT – I
Sets and Propositions-PART I

Dr . Anand Shukla
Assistant Professor
Department of ASH (Mathematics)
Contents of Unit – I: (6 Hours)

•Main Topic-1: Sets, Combination of sets, Finite and Infinite sets, Uncountably infinite
sets, Principle of inclusion and exclusion, Multi-sets, Mathematical
Induction.

•Main Topic-2: Propositions, Conditional Propositions, Logical Connectivity,


Propositional calculus

• Main Topic-3: Normal forms, Methods of Proofs, Rules of inference, Predicate calculus,
Universal and Existential Quantifiers.
Lecture Sequence
L. No. Topics

01 Sets, Combination of sets, Finite and Infinite sets

02 Principle of inclusion and exclusion

03 Multi-sets, Mathematical Induction.

04 Propositions, Conditional Propositions, Logical Connectivity

05 Propositional calculus

06 Methods of proofs, Rules of inference, Predicate calculus

07 Universal and Existential Quantifiers


Sets
• Definition: A collection of well defined objects is called a set.
• Every member of a set is called an Element.
• Sets are denoted by capital letters A, B, C etc.
• Elements are denoted by small letters a, b, c etc.
• One can write down a set in following manners:
• Describe the set in words: e.g. Set of all desks in the class.
• List the elements in the set: e.g. {1, 2, 3, 4}(use curly braces)
• Set builder notation: Q= { p/q p and q are integers and q is non zero}
• Remark: elements in a set cannot be repeated.
Examples
•
Terminology
•
Venn Diagrams

• A set can be represented pictorially as follows:


U

A B
U- rectangle
A, B- ovals
A and B are subsets of U.

• These diagrams help represent finite collection sets and their interactions.
Combination of Sets
Complement of a set: If A is a set then the complement of A is another set with U
elements in the universal set other than that of A. A Ac
Notation: Ac e.g. U={1,2,3,4}, A={1,2}, Ac={3,4}
Union of two sets: If A and B are two sets then their union has elements from A or B AUB U
or both. e.g. A={1,2,3,4}, B = { 1,2,7}, AUB = {1,2,3,4,7} A B

Intersection of two sets: If A and B are two sets then their intersection has common AՈB U
elements from A and B. e.g. A={1,2,3}, B={2,3,5,6}, AՈB={2,3} A B

Difference of two sets: If A and B are two sets then their difference A-B or A\B is set A-B U
of elements of A that are not in B. e.g. A={1,2,3,4,5}, B={3,4,6,7,8}, A-B={1,2} A B

Symmetric Difference of two sets: If A and B are two sets then their symmetric Aꚛ
difference is the set with elements from A-B or B-A. A B B
e.g. A={1,2,3,4}, B={3,5,6,7}, AꚛB={1,2,5,6,7}
More Sets
•
Properties
•
Algebra of Set Operations
•
Intervals in Real Line

•
Exercise
•
Exercises
•
Thank you.

END OF UNIT I - PART I – LECTURE 1

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