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Activity 3 Section A

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34 views3 pages

Activity 3 Section A

Uploaded by

rajveerjhala2007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ACTIVITY NO.

A-3

source,
AIM switches, a fuse and a power
three (onlof)
To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs,

APPARATUS 3. Three on-off switches


holders
1. Three clectric bulbs 2. Thrcc bulb 6. A mains switch
holder
4. A fuse wire 5. A safcty fusc 9. A three-pin plug
7. An a.c. ammeter 8. The a.c. mains 12. Stripper
10. Step-down transformer 11. A linc tester 14. DriIl
(Battery climinator) 13. Wire-cutter
P.V.C.
15. Screw driver 16. Flexible red and black
connccting wires.
THEORY
connected in
Household circuit functions on the main supply of 220 V, 50 Hz. In the hoUsehold circuit, all appliances are
is connected in
parallel with the mains. So, cach appliance gets the ratcd voltage and will work at its full potential. Switch
series with each appliance in live supply linc. For normal appliances like hulbs, fluorescent tubes, fans etc., 5 A switches
are required. For heavy load appliances like refrigerator, air conditioner, geyser, hot plate ctc., 15A sockets and switches
are required.
All electrical appliances must have thrce wires called live, neutral and the carth.
Total power consumption at any time is given by
P= P P, + Py + ......
where P. P. Py. are the powers drawn by various appliances.
to 20 %
In order to safcguard the electrical appliances from damagc when unduly high currents are drawn, fuse of 10
higher rating than the current normally drawn by the appliance is connccted in series with the appliance. For further
safery,. a MAlNS FUSE of 32A is connected in serics with the supply source. The fuse is asafety device. Never use afuse
higher rating than the one recommended. The safety fuse is an alloy of lead (37%) and tin (63%). It has alow melting
point and a high resistance.
Wires used in electrical circuits are generally made of copper. Three wires are used in house wiring: live (L), neutral
(W andearth wire (E). The old colour conventions for L, Nand Eare red, black and green. The new colour conventions for
LN and E are brown, blue and greenlyellow.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
B.

B, S

8.c. ammeter

M.S. Safety fuse F


Power
SOurce
0 to10 V
Fg 3.01l

PROCEDURE (Stepwise)
1. Connect the bulbs B,, B, and B, in series with switches S,, S, and S,
nations in parallel to cach other. respectively. Connect the bulb-switch combi
2. Connect main supply to a step-down transformer (battery
eliminator) to get required voltage from 0 to 10 V.
Connect the main switch, safety fuse and a.c. ammeter in series with the power supply i.e., in the live wire line.
3. Ensure that each switch is connected between the live wire (red
the bulb holder should be connected to the black flexible wire) and the bulb holder. The other end of
flexible wire.
4. Switch on and off each swich separately and check that the
three bulbs can be separately switched on or of.
5. Gradually increase the current. The fuse must burn off at
appropriate value of current.
RESULT
With controlled power supply, all the bulbs and
switches work properly.

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PHYSICs ACTIVITIES-CLASS
70

PRECAUTIONS
l Switches and the safety fuse must be
connected to the live wire.
2. We should not touch any exposed part of the circuit.
3. The insulations should be kept intact.
4. The safety fuse should be suitably selected.

SOURCES OF ERROR
1. The circuit may not be complete.
Z. The safety fuse and on-off switches may not be connected to the live wire.
3. The safety fuse may not be of proper rating.

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