PRODUCTION

PROCESS
PRESENTATION
PRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED BY :-
PAVIT PAWAAN KAUR:-2021010103
NISCHAY ARORA :-2021010101
DHRUV BANSAL :-202101082
RAGHAV SINGLA :-2021010113

SUBMITTED TO :-
MR.KAWALJEET BAGGA SIR
OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION MACHINING PROCESS
WHAT IS PROCESS? MANUFACTURING PROCESS
OPERATIONS JOINING PROCESS
CASTING PROCESS SERVICE PROCESS
FORMING PROCESS MMO
HOT WORKING TYPES OF PROCESS
PROCESS PROCESS DECISIONS
 INTRODUCTION
Manufacturing is the backbone of any industrialized nation.
Manufacturing involves the process of production of goods by
using various processes i.e. using hand tools, machinery and
computers. Production planning is done considering all the
above factors. Production planning is only a means for the
effective utilisation of various resources of the plant and is
considered very important in itself.
 A sequence of activities that is
intended to achieve some results is a
process. A process converts the input
into outputs in a production system.
Process and production are directly
WHAT IS linked to each other. There can be no
production and service without
PROCESS? process and similarly no process can
exist without a product or service.
Process is found in all the functions of
an organization.
 OPERATIONS
MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS
Manufacturing operations convert inputs like material, labour and
capital into some tangible outputs.Manufacturing processes are the
steps through which raw materials are transformed into a product. The
manufacturing processes can be broadly classified into four categories
i.e. Casting, Forming, Machining and Joining.
i. Casting processes : It consists of pouring the molten metal
into a mold of required shape
and allowing sufficient time for the metal to solidify. The
solid part thus obtained is called casting.

ii. Forming processes: It includes shaping, rolling, drawing,

stamping, spinning etc. It is an accomplishment of metals to
transform into a different shape without deteriorating of
its original properties

iii. Manufacturing processes : It includes turning,

drilling, milling, grinding, etc. It provides a desired
shape with good accuracy

iv. Joining processes : It is joining of components or

piece of a product to produce a single component
that has a specific function. It includes welding,
brazing, soldering, screws and nuts, adhesive etc.
SERVICE OPERATION
A services operation is concerned with
delivering service to the customers or users
of the service. Processes are the lifeblood of
the service operation. A good process
ensures that the service is delivered
consistently, time after time. Service
providers meet both cost and quality
targets, manage the chain of processes from
start to finish rather than simply the final
stage of delivery to customers .
DIFF B/W MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE OPERATIONS
 CASTING PROCESS
SAND CASTING INVESTING SHELL CENTRIFUGAL
CASTING MOLDING CASTING
Sand casting is Investment casting Shell Molding is The manufacturing
commonly used is a manufacturing process of
processes for
metal casting process in which a centrifugal is a
producing simple
wax pattern is metal casting
process here sand is or complex net
coated with a
used as mold technique. Cast
ceramic material.
shape castings
material. Some parts manufactured
Once the ceramic They maintain a
examples are in industry by this
material is high degree of
process include
engine blocks, hardened it takes dimensional
various pipes and
machine tool bases, the shape of the stability tubes, such as
cylinder heads casting. Eg. dental
sewage pipes, gas
fixtures
pipes.
 MACHINING PROCESS
There are number of components which require further processing after the
primary processes. These components are subjected to one or more number
of machining operations in machine, to obtain the desired shape. The
process of removing the undesired or unwanted material from the
component to produce a required shape using a cutting tool is known as
machining. In many cases these operations are performed on rods, bars
and flat surfaces in machine shops. The example of parts produced by
machining processes includes hand tools machine tools instruments,
automobile parts, nuts, bolts and gears etc.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS

TURNING THREADING KNURLING

In turning operation, the Threading is the process In Knurling
work piece is held in the of creating a thread. In it manufacturing process a
the cutting tool moves
machine and rotated by harsh, shaped texture is
along the axis of the
cutting away unwanted created on the metals
rotating work piece. In
material from the metal. the process of changing surface in order to
the rotation speed. By provide a grip. For
changing rotation speed, example aluminium tool
large types of threads of handles, metal
different sizes are
flashlights,
produced.
 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
MILLING DRILLING ELECTRO CHEMICAL
MACHINING
In Milling process a machine Drilling is one of the most ECM is essentially a depleting
removes metal by feeding the complex machining process that utilizes the
work piece against a rotating processes. Drilling is the principles of electrolysis. The
multipoint cutting tool called manufacturing process where ECM tool is positioned very
milling cutter. Milling a round hole is created within close to the work piece and a
machines perform numerous a work piece or enlarged by low voltage, high a current is
operations and functions rotating an end cutting tool, a passed between the two via
starting from smal objects to drill. an electrolyte.
larger ones.
 FORMING PROCESS
COLD WORKING WARM WORKING HOT WORKING
The warm working
cold forming or cold Hot working process is the
process i s a forming
working is any Plastic deformation of
metalworking process in process in which the
metal carried out at
which metal is shaped metal forming process is
temperature above the
below its re carried out above the
crystallization recrystallization range i.e.
co ld temperature range,
temperature, usually at above the warm working
but below the re-
the ambient process, range. With the
crystallization
temperature. Such application of heat and
temperature range. It is
processes are contrasted
force, the atoms of metal
with hot working preferred over the cold
working process as reach a certain higher
techniques like hot
rolling, forging, welding, lesser force is required in energy level. This is called
etc. it to perform the recrystallization.
HOT WORKING PROCESS
Rolling is a compressive deformation process in
ROLLING which a slab or plate 1s squeezed to reduce the
thickness of the plate so as to produce semi finished
products like thinner shapes like sheets

EXTRUSION Extrusion involves the proces of forcing the metal

through a narrow opening so that the metal
obtains constant cross-section of the same type as
the die. For example tubes, cans, cups, gears.

In the stamping process, force is applied on

STAMPING
the metal to cause plastic flow and to alter
the size and shape of the metal part ot the
desired shape and size.
EMBOSSING In embossing, the metal is stretched as per the
configuration in the dies. Coining is a forging
process by which very fine details can be
created on the surface of a work piece.

SPINNING Spinning is the process which resembles

forming. It can be carried out on any machine
such as lathe. It could be achieved using a
suitable tool.
 JOINING PROCESS
Majority of the products produced, are commonly made by putting
many parts together. For example, a ball pen consists of a body,
refill, barrel, cap, and refill operating mechanism. All these parts are
put together to form the product as a pen. A complete machine tool
may also require to assemble more than 100 parts in various sub
assemble or final assembly. All these process of putting different
parts together in order to form a product is called assembly/joining.
An assembly of parts may require some parts to be joined together
using various joining processes .
 JOINING PROCESS
WELDING RIVETING BRAZING AND
SOLDERING
In welding process, two Riveting is a forging process Brazing and soldering
pieces of metal are joined into to join parts together by joining processes is used
a single piece by fusion due to
way of a metal part called a for joining the similar
heat or combination of heat
rivet. In it the rivet is placed metals or dissimilar
and pressure. Different
welding processes are used in in a hole drilled through the metals.
the manufacturing of Auto overlapping surfaces of the
mobiles bodies, structural work pieces to be joined
work, tanks, and general using a riveting tool.
machine repair work.
ADHESIVE NUTS AND BOLTS

An adhesive is a material When work pieces or parts

used for holding two of an assembly are to be
surfaces together. An either disassembled or
adhesive wets and adheres reassembled, the best
the surfaces, develop method of asembly is by
strength, and remains fastening using screw,
stable. It is used to bond bolts and nuts.
almost all materials.
 SERVICE PROCESS
Economic activities which typically produce an intangible product such as
education, entertainment, hospitality, transportation, health services etc.
Most important segment of the industrial development
Countries are contributing to the gross domestic product
As the current phase is transforming from the agricultural and industrial
economic base, the demand for services have started to increase at a faster
pace.
With the advancement in the technology and telecommunication = increase in
demand for services = maintenance services.
 SERVICE PROCESS
QUASI CUSTOMER AS CUSTOMER AS
MANUFACTURING PARTICIPANT PRODUCT
Physical goods are more A high involvement of The service are
dominant than service associated customer performed on customer.
with the product. Services can be either For example - Salons ,
Cost of production, technology, customised or medical treatment ,
products , product quality and standardized. surgery etc .
prompt delivery. Customer actually
Healthcare diagnostic labs, participates in service
photography studio etc. operations.
TYPES
e.g. Retailing, tourism etc.
(a) Product-focused operation
(b) Process-focused operation
MODERN MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS
AS A CONVERSION PROCESS

Manufacturing operation, are In modern manufacturing

used to convert the input into practices, many of the machine
the desired outputs. tool operations have been
The conversion may alter the automated through a process
which includes computer
basic shape, effect chemical
based instructions to the
change, add or subtracts the tools
machines and are known as
in the assembly process and also
numerically controlled
support operations such as processes.
inspection, transportation and Production of electric vehicles
communication. (EVs)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

Specialisation

Use of Mechanisation
Technology
CHARACTERISTICS

Use of Computers and

Use of scientific
Data Processing Units
Method
 TYPES OF PROCESSES
Healthcare Diagnostics Lab
PRODUCT FOCUSED SYSTEM Legal Document Drafting Service
Photography Studio for Passport Photos

Call Center
Laundry Service
PROCESS FOCUSED SYSTEM
Fast-Food Restaurant

Financial Advisory Services

CUSTOMER FOCUSED SYSTEM Luxury Spa
Personal Styling Consultation
 PRODUCT FOCUSES SYSTEM

There are four product focused system on which processes can be

categorized :-

1. Manufacture to stock : Manufactures to stock products are those Standard retail products
which compete on the basis of their availability and cost.
For example pulses, cereals, milk, shirts, furniture, air conditioners, televisions etc.

2. Ordered to assemble: Ordered to assemble products are the products which are assembled
from in-stock sub assemblies. Such types of products allow the customers to specify a wide
range of options.
For example, Computers are assembled as per the choices of the users regarding system
configuration; cameras can be assembled on the contiguration of the lens desired or the
viewing system.
3. Ordered to make:- these products are made only only after an order
has been received to manufacture it. The demand of these products are
not certain so they are manufactured only if the demand arises.
For eg:- commercial planes, prescription glasses.

4.Ordered to engineer: Ordered to engineer are those unique products that are
previously not designed elsewhere.
On the customer's demand.
The customer places an exact order to the manufacturing dealer and bears the
entire cost of the total product.
For eg:- specialized industrial equipments, hand made furniture.
 PROCESS FOCUSED SYSTEM
Process focused system refers to how an organization organizes
material flow using different process technologies.

1. Project: A Project refers to the process of creating a complex one -of-a-kind

product or service with a set of well defined tasks in terms of resources and
time required.
Some examples = Dam Construction, starting new industries, fabricating
boilers, shipbuilding etc.

2. Job Production: Job production is manufacturing of product strictly according

to customers' specifications.
e.g. commercial printing firms, machine shops, jig and fixture making
structure.
4. Batch Production : In batch production, similar gods are produced in
groups (batches).
The term 'batch' refers to a group of raw material orcomponents that go
through
production process simultaneously.
e.g., Bakery and printers as work in progress.

5. Mass Production:
An assembly line production process,the production follows in a
predetermined sequence of steps.
Continuous rather than discrete.
A very large volume of production.
Henry ford assembly line , cars assembling etc.
CUSTOMER FOCUSED SYSTEM

1. Self Service:
Buying groceries earlier vs now

2. Product Selection:
Customization
For example,Maruti udyog limited, the premier automobile manufacturing in
India, in its attempt to retain its premier position in the market, is offering
customization for its car model alto, even before customers have demanded it.
 PROCESS DECISIONS
Strategic in nature
Long term impact on the growth and expansion of the business

TYPES OF PROCESS DECISIONS

1. Vertical Integration: Operations of a business involve series of activities in a sequence, starting

from procurement of raw materials to delivery of final goods to customers.

Vertical integration is an arrangement in which a business buys or merge

together activities of more than one player or entity through purchase or
otherwise paying a consideration.

Forward integration, is integration where a company owns facilities closer to

the customer, such as distribution channels, godowns, and retail locations.

Backward integration, is integration where a company owns or acquires

sources of supply, raw materials, or subassemblies.
2. Make-or-Buy Decisions :

Whether to purchase certain materials from outside

ie. to outsource or to perform the operations on its own.
Such as consultancy services, repair, security etc.
Octave clothing

The following are the major factors to be considered while deciding the above consideration:

Long term impact

Availability of capacity level

Availability of expertise level

Quality of the product

Level of Speed
Thank You!!
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