Case Study & IoT

Applications

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The three broad categories as following:

◾ Industrial use cases

◾ Consumer use cases

Governance use cases

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Under industrial use cases, main focus on two broad use cases:

◾ Smart energy
Smart transportation systems

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Under consumer use cases, main focus on the following:

◾ Smart homes

◾ Smart buildings
Smart education systems
Under governance use cases, mainly considered smart cities. Some other
Use cases like smart airports and smart healthcare systems are considered.
Case Study:

Definition:

“A case study is a research strategy and an empirical inquiry that investigates a

phenomenon within its real-life context. Case studies are based on an in-depth
investigation of a single individual, group or event to explore the causes of
underlying principles”.

One of the most promising IoT use cases is creating smarter, more efficient cities.
Public energy grids can be optimized to balance workloads, predict energy surges,
and distribute energy more equitably to customers. Traffic lights could be synced
using IoT to adapt to traffic conditions in real-time.
IoT is the next step in the evolution of the internet and is being used in about
everything you can think of.

IoT Applications:

IoT applications promise to bring immense value into our lives. With newer wireless
networks, superior sensors and revolutionary computing capabilities, the Internet of
Things could be the next frontier in the race for its share of the wallet. IoT
applications are expected to equip billions of everyday objects with connectivity and
intelligence. It is already being deployed extensively, few applications of IoT:

● Wearables
● Smart Home Applications
● Smart Buildings
● Smart Infrastructure
● Securities
● Health Care
● Smart Cities
● Agriculture

● Industrial Automation
IoT Applications:Smart Home, Smart Buildings and Infrastructure

IoT home automation is the ability to control domestic appliances by electronically

controlled, internet-connected systems. It may include setting complex heating and
lighting systems in advance and setting alarms and home security controls, all
connected by a central hub and remote-controlled by a mobile app.

Figure .Smart home platform.

The rise of Wi-Fi’s role in home automation has primarily come about due to the
networked nature of deployed electronics where electronic devices (TVs and AV
receivers, mobile devices, etc.) have started becoming part of the home IP network
and due the increasing rate of adoption of mobile computing devices (smartphones,
tablets, etc.), see above Figure.

The networking aspects are bringing online streaming services or network playback,
while becoming a mean to control of the device functionality over the network. At the
same time mobile devices ensure that consumers have access to a portable
‘controller’ for the electronics connected to the network. Both types of devices can be
used as gateways for IoT applications. In this context many companies are
considering building platforms that
integrate the building automation with entertainment, healthcare monitoring, energy
monitoring and wireless sensor monitoring in the home and building environments.

IoT applications using sensors to collect information about the operating conditions
combined with cloud hosted analytics software that analyzes disparate data points
will help facility managers become far more proactive about managing buildings at
peak efficiency.

Issues of building ownership (i.e., building owner, manager, or occupants)challenge

integration with questions such as who pays initial system cost and who collects the
benefits over time. A lack of collaboration between the subsectors of the building
industry slows new technology adoption and convent new buildings from achieving
energy, economic and environmental performance targets.

Integration of cyber physical systems both within the building and with external
entities, such as the electrical grid, will require stakeholder cooperation to achieve
true interoperability. As in all sectors, maintaining security will be a critical challenge
to overcome.

Within this field of research the exploitation of the potential of wireless sensor
networks (WSNs) to facilitate intelligent energy management in buildings, which
increases occupant comfort while reducing energy demand, is highly relevant.

In addition to the obvious economic and environmental gains from the introduction of
such intelligent energy management in buildings other positive effects will be
achieved. Not least of which is the simplification of building control; as placing
monitoring, information feedback equipment and control capabilities in a single
location will make a buildings’ energy management system easier to handle for the
building owners, building managers, maintenance crews and other users of the
building. Using the Internet together with energy management systems also offers an
opportunity to access a buildings’ energy information and control systems from a
laptop or a Smartphone placed anywhere in the world. This has a huge potential for
providing the managers,owners and inhabitants of buildings with energy
consumption feedback and the ability to act on that information.
In the context of the future Internet of Things, Intelligent Building Management
Systems can be considered part of a much larger information system.This system is
used by facilities managers in buildings to manage energy use and energy
procurement and to maintain buildings systems. It is based on the infrastructure of
the existing Intranets and the Internet, and therefore utilizes the same standards as
other IT devices. Within this context reductions in the cost and reliability of WSNs are
transforming building automation, by making the maintenance of energy efficient
healthy, productive work spaces in buildings increasingly cost effective.

IoT Application in industries:

IoT in industry is a rapidly developing area. Numerous IoT research and application projects
have been done by universities or in joint industry- university consortia in recent years.

Internet of things (IoT) has become part of your daily life. The “things connected to the
internet” idea is continuously evolving in content, areas of applications, visions and
technology. New real life and industrial projects have been done and joint future oriented
industry and government initiatives such as Industry 4.0 in Germany, have been started
[1].Since Industrial production is one of the world’s biggest economic factors one of the
major objectives of these initiatives is to bring the paradigms of the IoT to the factories
enabling them to cope with the challenges raised by popular megatrends.

The foremost megatrends relevant for factories are globalization, progressing technological
evolution, the dynamization of product life cycles, the aging work force and the shortage of
resources. Central effects are the acceleration of innovation cycles and the increasing
customer demand for individualized mass produces with highest quality expectations. Within
the context of industrial production IoT projects and applications are developing in
manufacturing, supply chain,
supervision and servicing. A major question in all projects is about the value, the benefit
such application can bring to the user, to the owner or to society.

The value question is extremely pertinent in the industry: in the manufacturing industry entire
factory related processes, but also in industrial applications where it comes to ensure
operation of industrial installations and provide supervision, and improved life service. It is
the value which such applications bring which will determine their adoption, acceptance and
wide use. However, this value is very difficult to quantify and prove, and it depends on
multiple aspects which are strongly application area dependent.

IoT applications form the value creation for industry and brings together expert opinions
from academia, research and industry. The industrial application of IoT is multi- facetted and
each of the subsections in this paper will highlight an aspect related to industrial application,
discuss or show a case or the evolution and potential of a specific technology from industry
application point of view. The paper is having a holistic manner to industrial challenges and
requirements. Also it will refer to factory concepts and applications supported by IoT,
including processes and flows taking a view on related technologies and their evolution.

IoT applications benefit and value creation in an industrial environment may have its origin in
different aspects, depending on the application type. There is no value but “values” each
contributing to the total benefit such as:

● Value from visibility identification, location tracking

● Value form IoT-supported safety in hard industrial environments
● Value from right information providing or collecting
● Value form improved industrial operation and flows in industry
● Value from reduced production losses
● Value from reduced energy consumption
● Value from new type of processes made possible by IoT applications
● Value form new type of maintenance and lifetime approaches
● Value enabled by smart objects, connected aspects
● Value from sustainability.
Fig. 5.2 View on very important and important perceived IoT technologies expected to bring

value in applications.

The status and estimated potential of IoT applications is presented in Figure 5.3 considering
three major areas: supply chain, future industry/future factory and over lifetime applications
and activities such as logistics, manufacturing and service/maintenance. A strong potential
and additional application is expected in industry operation and industry lifetime applications
including lifetime service.

Figure. Status and estimated potential of IoT applications.

IoT application requirements and capabilities:

The expectations toward IoT applications in industry are high. The capabilities they have to
offer are depending strongly on the industrial area and the concrete application. For example
the environment where IoT application may be used may range from clean room condition
and normal ambient temperatures to heavy and dirty environment, locations with high
temperatures, areas with explosion risk, areas with metallic surroundings, and corrosive
environment on sea or underground.

A list of a set of industry related capabilities and requirements is presented below, without
claiming completeness. The list items are related to the IoT hardware, software and to
serviceability and management aspects. Comments have been added to all items to make
the requirement more specific. The IoT application capabilities for industrial application
should meet requirements such as:
Seurity:

● IoT devices are connected to your desktop or laptop. Lack of security increases
the risk of your personal information leaking while the data is collected and
transmitted to the IoT device.

● IoT devices are connected with a consumer network. This network is also
connected with other systems. So if the IoT device contains any security
vulnerabilities, it can be harmful to the consumer’s network. This vulnerability can
attack other systems and damage them.

● Sometimes unauthorized people might exploit the security vulnerabilities to create

risks to physical safety.

Privacy Risks:

● In IoT, devices are interconnected with various hardware and software, so there are
obvious chances of sensitive information leaking through unauthorized manipulation.

● All the devices are transmitting the user’s personal information such as name,
address, date of birth, health card information, credit card detail and much more
without encryption.

Though there are security and privacy concerns with IoT, it adds values to our lives by
allowing us to manage our daily routine tasks remotely and automatically, and more
importantly, it is a game- changer for industries.
IoT Application of home appliances:

Internet of Things is a technology that can connect to the internet without the
influence of people and send information collected to users through this internet
network to which they are connected. Devices in this dynamic are very common
today. Many homes, companies and even public organizations benefit from this
technology. Used in smart home IoT home appliances is also one of them.

A house must have smart devices to be smart. These smart devices are the building
blocks of today’s technology. So why these devices and apps are smart? First, these
devices have their own Internet. With this internet tool, users can receive information
from the device. With this internet connection, you can get a lot of information from
your smart device. This information which receives from smart devices makes safety
for your living area.

Smart devices work with technological devices while making you and your home a
more secure space. The biggest hero of these technological devices is
microprocessors. microprocessors act as the brain for your smart device. There are
sensors that allow your smart devices to be classified according to their
characteristics and detect the danger or differences in your home. There are many
sensors classified by type. Motion sensors, light sensors, image detection, and
processing sensors are one of them.

For example, if the position of your belongings changes without your knowledge, there are motion
sensors that can detect this position change. The motion sensor detects the position change and
sends you information about this.
Home Appliance in Internet of Things:

Smart home systems are integrated and enable you to play an active role in every part of
your home by surrounding your home. When you’re not at home, but your mind stays at
home, it’s behind you. With smart home systems, you can intervene in your home as if you
are at home and perform the necessary controls.In addition to these protection systems,
smart home appliances have been making human life easier since the day it was
developed.

Smart Washing Machine:

It is very important to save time in daily life. we live in a period where we have to keep up.
that’s where technology comes in. You can access the developed smart washing
machine on your smartphone. you can monitor and control the process at the same
time. This smart washing machine can also dry your laundry with the control
application.

Smart Refrigerator with Internet of Things:

Internet in this kitchen which makes life easier for you and your family in the kitchen.
With this internet connection, you can transmit a lot of information to your shopping
list in the weather. You can also view the inside of your refrigerator with its camera
technology.

Shortest Way to Dry Hair:

This time it has infrared technology. With this technology, the device is created wirelessly.
Wireless shape so you can dry your hair without connecting the machine
Smart Doorbell:

The most important thing in smart home applications is known to be secure and
protected home. With this smart doorbell designed for security, you can recognize
people who come to your home with high quality. The night also has infrared
technology added to the smart bell. This will also send the screen to you when it gets
dark.

Smart Camera for Safe Home:

Control of your home is in your hands from every part. This smart camera sends
records from every part of your home to your smartphone with the Internet of Things
technology. Research on smart camera technology will continue for those who want
a safe life.
Industry 4.0 concepts

Industry 4.0 refers to a new phase in the Industrial Revolution that focuses heavily
on interconnectivity, automation, machine learning, and real-time data. Industry 4.0,
also sometimes referred to as IIoT(Industrial Internet of Things) or smart
manufacturing which provides physical production and operations with smart digital
technology, machine learning and big data to create a more holistic and better
connected ecosystem for companies that focus on manufacturing and supply chain
management.

While every company and organization operating today is different, they all face a
common challenge—the need for connectedness and access to real-time insights
across processes, partners, products, and people. That’s where Industry 4.0 comes
into play. Industry 4.0 is not just about investing in new technology and tools to
improve manufacturing efficiency but it’s about revolutionizing the way the entire
business operates and grows.

Industry 4.0 refers to the use of automation and data exchange in manufacturing.
According to the Boston Consulting Group there are nine principal technologies that
make up Industry 4.0: Autonomous Robots, Simulation, Horizontal and Vertical
System Integration, the Industrial Internet of Things, Cybersecurity, The Cloud,
Additive Manufacturing, Data and Analytics, and Augmented Reality. These
technologies are used to create a “smart factory” where machines, systems, and
humans communicate with each other in order to coordinate and monitor progress
along the assembly line. Networked devices provide sensor data and are digitally
controlled. The net effect is the ability to rapidly design, modify, create, and
customize things in the real world, while lowering costs and reacting to changes in
consumer preferences, demand, the supply chain and technology.

The goal is to enable autonomous decision-making processes, monitor assets and

processes in real-time, and enable equally real-time connected value creation
networks through early involvement of stakeholders, and vertical and horizontal
integration.
 Figure: Nine Technologies of Industry 4.0

Today some companies have invested in a few of these technologies; predominantly

the traditional pillars of the third platform such as cloud and Big Data / Analytics and
increasingly in the Industrial Internet of Things from an integrated perspective and
thus
overlapping with several of these “technologies” or maybe better: sets of
technologies and connected benefits.

Evolution of Industry 4.0

There are four distinct industrial revolutions that the world either has experienced or
continues to experience today.

1. The First Industrial Revolution

The first industrial revolution happened between the late 1700s and early 1800s.
During this period of time, manufacturing evolved from focusing on manual labor
performed by people and aided by work animals to a more optimized form of labor
performed by people through the use of water and steam-powered engines and
other types of machine tools.

2. The Second Industrial Revolution

In the early part of the 20th century, the world entered a second industrial revolution
with the introduction of steel and use of electricity in factories. The introduction of
electricity enabled manufacturers to increase efficiency and helped make factory
machinery more mobile. It was during this phase that mass production concepts like
the assembly line were introduced as a way to boost productivity.

3. Third Industrial Revolution

Starting in the late 1950s, a third industrial revolution slowly began to emerge, as
manufacturers began incorporating more electronic and eventually computer
technology into their factories. During this period, manufacturers began experiencing
a shift that put less emphasis on analog and mechanical technology and more on
digital technology and automation software.

4. Fourth Industrial Revolution[Industry 4.0]

Fourth industrial revolution has emerged known as Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 takes
the emphasis on digital technology from recent decades to a whole new level with
the help of interconnectivity through the Internet of Things (IoT), access to real-time
data, and the introduction of cyber-physical systems. Industry 4.0 offers a more
comprehensive, interlinked and holistic approach to manufacturing. It connects
physical with digital, and allows for better collaboration and access across
departments, partners, vendors, product, and people. An industry 4.0 empowers
business owners to control and understand every aspect of their operation, and
allows them to leverage instant data to boost productivity, improve processes, and
drive growth.
 Industry 4.0 is often used interchangeably with the notion of the fourth
industrial revolution. It is characterized among others by

1) even more automation than in the third industrial revolution

2) the bridging of the physical and digital world through cyber-physical systems,
enabled by Industrial IoT

3) a shift from a central industrial control system to one where smart products
define the production steps

4) closed-loop data models and control systems and

5) personalization/customization of products.

Benefits of Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 spans the entire product life cycle and supply chain, design, sales,
inventory, scheduling, quality, engineering, and customer and field service. Everyone
shares informed, up-to-date, relevant views of production and business processes
and much richer and more timely analytics.

The essential goal of Industry 4.0 is to make manufacturing and related industries
such as logistics faster, more efficient and more customer-centric, while at the same
time going beyond automation and optimization and detect new business
opportunities and models.
Most of the benefits of Industry 4.0 are obviously similar to the benefits of the digital
transformation of manufacturing, the usage of the IoT in manufacturing, operational
and business process optimization, information-powered ecosystems of value, digital
transformation overall, the Industrial Internet and many other topics on our website.
Few of the key benefits of Industry 4.0 are.

1. Enhanced productivity through optimization and automation

2. Real-time data for a real-time supply chain in a real-time economy

3. Higher business continuity through advanced maintenance and monitoring possibilities

4. Better quality products: real-time monitoring, IoT-enabled quality

improvement and cobots

5. Better working conditions and sustainability

6. Personalization and customization for the ‘new’ consumer

7. Improved agility

8. The development of innovative capabilities and new revenue models