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POP Unit 3 Programming Languages and Types

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POP Unit 3 Programming Languages and Types

Uploaded by

Sks Yt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How we communicate?

Ans: We have our own language to communicate.


The speaker and listener should know the same language to
communicate.

What is language?
Ans: It is a medium to communicate or transfer the thoughts and
message.
ex: English – English communication
sign language – for deaf people
braille language – for blind people
binary numbers – for computers

What is Binary?
Ans: Binary is a number system used in mathematics and
computing. It consists of only two digits ‘0’ and ‘1’.
Each and every single digit is known as “bit”, which is short
form of “Binary digiT”.
Computers use binary because it is easy to implement with
electronic circuit, where ‘0’ means off/false and ‘1’ means
on/true.
All complex data including text, images and sounds can be
encoded in binary and processed by computer.
Ex:
for human for computer
Hello  1010100010011001010010101010101010101010
NSU  10101001010010101010100101010101010
Programming Languages
Programming language is a system of communication that allows
humans to instruct computers to perform specific tasks.
Developers used programming languages to write programs to
develop application, scripts etc.

Types of programming languages:


1. Low level language
Low level language is divided into 2 categories:
a. Machine level language
b. Assembly level language

2. High level language


Low Level Language
Low level languages are closer to hardware. These languages
offer high performance and control over system resources but are
more challenging to learn and use.
Alternate names:
- Machine code
- Binary code

Machine level language


The lowest level programming language, consisting entirely of
binary digits (0 and 1). It directly controls the computer’s
hardware and is executed by CPU without any translation.

Characteristics:

 Direct Execution: Machine code is directly executed by CPU.


 CPU specific: Code is linked to the specific architecture
(32-bit, 64-bit) of the CPU. It makes it non-portable
across different hardware.
 Binary format: Instruction is given in binary format (0 and
1) which is difficult to read and write for humans.
 Fast execution: It does not require additional processing
that’s why it provides high execution speed.

Advantages:

 Maximum efficiency: Execution speed is very fast because it


runs directly on hardware.
 Full control: It provides more control to the system
resources. Beneficial for performance priority tasks.

Limitations:

 Difficult to learn and use


 Non-portability: Programs written in machine code are tied
to specific CPU architecture.
Assembly level language
A low-level language that uses mnemonics and symbolic names to
represent machine-level instruction. It is one step above
machine code and require an assembler to translate it into
machine code (0 and 1).

Characteristics:

 Symbolic representation: Uses symbol and mnemonics (e.g.,


‘MOV’, ‘ADD’, ‘SUB’) to represent operations. It is easier
to read and understand as compared to machine code.
 Assembler required: An assembler converts assembly code
into machine code according to the CPU architecture.
 Efficient execution: Provides fast execution similar to
machine code, but slightly less efficient due to the
assembly process.

Advantages:

 High performance: Provides high execution speed, close to


the machine code.
 Fine-Grained control: Allow detailed control over hardware,
making it suitable for system programming and performance-
critical applications.
 Easier debugging: It is easy to debug and modify as
compared to machine code due to its symbolic
representations.

Limitations:

 Complexity: Complex to learn and remember mnemonics. And


also required detailed knowledge of the hardware.
 Non-portability: Programs written in assembly language
are not portable across different CPU architecture.
High level language
High level languages are programming languages that are much
closer to human languages and abstract away most of the
computer’s hardware.
To write programs in high level language there is no need know
about internal architecture of computer.
High level languages are easily understandable by human because
programs written in these languages are simple English.

Characteristics:

 Human readable syntax: Uses syntax that is closer to


human languages with clear and simple instructions.
 Portability: Program written in HLL can be run on
different types of hardware with minimal modification.
 Compiled or interpreted: Requires a compiler or
interpreter to translate the high-level code into machine
code that the CPU can execute.
Ex:

 C : Known for its efficiency and control.


 Java : platform-independent language with OOPS concept.
 Python: Known for its easy readability and easy use.

Advantage:

 Easy: Easy to learn and use.


 Portability: Code can be run across different platforms.
 Faster development: Higher level of abstraction allows for
fast development and debugging.

Limitations:

 Lower performance: Due to conversion into machine code


using compiler/interpreter.
 Less Control: Provide less control over hardware and system
resources.
 Dependency on Compilers/Interpreters: Requires additional
tools to translate into machine code.
Summary:
Language Advantage Limitation
type
Low level - Maximum efficiency and - Difficult to learn and
control use
- Fast control - Non portable
- Direct hardware access - Time consuming
development
High - Easier to learn - Lower performance
level - Portable across compared to low level
platforms - Less control over
- Faster development hardware
- Development on
compilers

Task: Difference b/w


- Low level and high-level language

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