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HTML 1

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9 views10 pages

HTML 1

Uploaded by

ningirl.1ng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Firefox about:srcdoc

Cheatsheets / Learn HTML

Elements and Structure

HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to give content to a web page and
instructs web browsers on how to structure that content.

Element Content
The content of an HTML element is the information between the opening and <h1>Codecademy is awesome! �</h1>
closing tags of an element.

<li> List Item Element


The <li> list item element create list items inside: <ol>
• Ordered lists <ol>
<li>Head east on Prince St</li>
• Unordered lists <ul>
<li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li>
</ol>

<ul>
<li>Cookies</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>

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<video> Video Element


The <video> element embeds a media player for video playback. The src <video src="test-video.mp4" controls>
attribute will contain the URL to the video. Adding the controls attribute will
Video not supported
display video controls in the media player.
Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag is shown as a fallback in </video>
browsers that don’t support the element.

<em> Emphasis Element


The <em> element emphasizes text and browsers will usually italicize the <p>This <em>word</em> will be emphasized in italics.</p>
emphasized text by default.

<ol> Ordered List Element


The <ol> ordered list element creates a list of items in sequential order. Each <ol>
list item appears numbered by default.
<li>Preheat oven to 325 F �</li>
<li>Drop cookie dough �</li>
<li>Bake for 15 min �</li>
</ol>

<div> Div Element


The <div> element is used as a container that divides an HTML document into <div>
sections and is short for “division”. <div> elements can contain �ow content
<h1>A section of grouped elements</h1>
such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, etc.
<p>Here’s some text for the section</p>
</div>
<div>
<h1>Second section of grouped elements</h1>
<p>Here’s some text</p>
</div>

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HTML Structure
HTML is organized into a family tree structure. HTML elements can have parents, <body>
grandparents, siblings, children, grandchildren, etc.
<div>
<h1>It's div's child and body's grandchild</h1>
<h2>It's h1's sibling</h2>
</div>
</body>

Closing Tag
An HTML closing tag is used to denote the end of an HTML element. The syntax <body>
for a closing tag is a left angle bracket < followed by a forward slash / then the
...
element name and a right angle bracket to close > .
</body>

Attribute Name and Values


HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using the following syntax: <elementName name="value"></elementName>
name="value" and can be added to the opening tag of an HTML element to
con�gure or change the behavior of the element.

<br> Line Break Element


The <br> line break element will create a line break in text and is especially A line break haiku.<br>
useful where a division of text is required, like in a postal address. The line break
Poems are a great use case.<br>
element requires only an opening tag and must not have a closing tag.
Oh joy! A line break.

<img> Image Element


HTML image <img> elements embed images in documents. The src attribute <img src="image.png">
contains the image URL and is mandatory. <img> is an empty element meaning
it should not have a closing tag.

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<h1>-<h6> Heading Elements


HTML can use six di�erent levels of heading elements. The heading elements are <h1>Breaking News</h1>
ordered from the highest level <h1> to the lowest level <h6> .
<h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2>
<h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3>
...
<h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6>

<p> Paragraph Element


The <p> paragraph element contains and displays a block of text. <p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipisicing elit.</p>

Unique ID Attributes
In HTML, speci�c and unique id attributes can be assigned to di�erent <h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1>
elements in order to di�erentiate between them.
When needed, the id value can be called upon by CSS and JavaScript to
manipulate, format, and perform speci�c instructions on that element and that
element only. Valid id attributes should begin with a letter and should only
contain letters ( a-Z ), digits ( 0-9 ), hyphens ( - ), underscores ( _ ), and periods
( . ).

HTML Attributes
HTML attributes are values added to the opening tag of an element to con�gure <p id="my-paragraph" style="color: green;">Here’s some
the element or change the element’s default behavior. In the provided example,
text for a paragraph that is being altered by HTML
we are giving the <p> (paragraph) element a unique identi�er using the id
attribute and changing the color of the default text using the style attribute. attributes</p>

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<ul> Unordered List Element


The <ul> unordered list element is used to create a list of items in no <ul>
particular order. Each individual list item will have a bullet point by default.
<li>Play more music �</li>
<li>Read more books �</li>
</ul>

alt Attribute
An <img> element can have alternative text via the alt attribute. The <img src="path/to/image" alt="text describing image" />
alternative text will be displayed if an image fails to render due to an incorrect
URL, if the image format is not supported by the browser, if the image is blocked
from being displayed, or if the image has not been received from the URL.
The text will be read aloud if screen reading software is used and helps support
visually impaired users by providing a text descriptor for the image content on a
webpage.

<body> Body Element


The <body> element represents the content of an HTML document. Content <body>
inside <body> tags are rendered on the web browsers.
<h1>Learn to code with Codecademy :)</h1>
Note: There can be only one <body> element in a document.
</body>

<span> Span Element


The <span> element is an inline container for text and can be used to group <p><span>This text</span> may be styled differently than
text for styling purposes. However, as <span> is a generic container to
the surrounding text.</p>
separate pieces of text from a larger body of text, its use should be avoided if a
more semantic element is available.

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<strong> Strong Element


The <strong> element highlights important, serious, or urgent text and <p>This is <strong>important</strong> text!</p>
browsers will normally render this highlighted text in bold by default.

HTML Element
An HTML element is a piece of content in an HTML document and uses the <p>Hello World!</p>
following syntax: opening tag + content + closing tag. In the code provided:
• <p> is the opening tag.
• Hello World! is the content.
• </p> is the closing tag.

HTML Tag
The syntax for a single HTML tag is an opening angle bracket < followed by the <div>
element name and a closing angle bracket > . Here is an example of an opening
<div> tag.

<a> Anchor Element


The <a> anchor element is used to create hyperlinks in an HTML document. <!-- Creating text links -->
The hyperlinks can point to other webpages, �les on the same server, a location
<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">Visit this site</a>
on the same page, or any other URL via the hyperlink reference attribute, href .
The href determines the location the anchor element points to.
<!-- Creating image links -->
<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">
<img src="logo.jpg">Click this image
</a>

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<head> Head Element


The <head> element contains general information about an HTML page that <!DOCTYPE html>
isn’t displayed on the page itself. This information is called metadata and
<html>
includes things like the title of the HTML document and links to stylesheets.
<head>
<!-- Metadata is contained in this element-->
</head>
</html>

<target> Target Attribute


The target attribute on an <a> anchor element speci�es where a hyperlink <a href="https://www.google.com" target="_blank">This
should be opened. A target value of "_blank" will tell the browser to open
anchor element links to google and will open in a new tab
the hyperlink in a new tab in modern browsers, or in a new window in older
browsers or if the browser has had settings changed to open hyperlinks in a new or window.</a>
window.

Indentation
HTML code should be formatted such that the indentation level of text increases <div>
once for each level of nesting.
<h1>Heading</h1>
It is a common convention to use two or four space per level of nesting.

<ul>
<li>Item 1</li>
<li>Item 2</li>
</ul>
</div>

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Link to a Di�erent Part of the Page #


The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to di�erent parts of the same <div>
HTML document using the href attribute to point to the desired location with
<p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A different part of
# followed by the id of the element to link to.
the page!</p>
</div>

<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-to">Take me to a
different part of the page</a>

<html> HTML Element


The <html> element, the root of an HTML document, should be added after <!DOCTYPE html>
the !DOCTYPE declaration. All content/structure for an HTML document
<html>
should be contained between the opening and closing <html> tags.
<!-- I'm a comment -->
</html>

Comments
In HTML, comments can be added between an opening <!-- and closing --> . <!-- Main site content -->
Content inside of comments will not be rendered by browsers, and are usually
<div>Content</div>
used to describe a part of code or provide other details.
Comments can span single or multiple lines.
<!--
Comments can be
multiple lines long.
-->

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Whitespace
Whitespace, such as line breaks, added to an HTML document between block- <p>Test paragraph</p>
level elements will generally be ignored by the browser and are not added to
increase spacing on the rendered HTML page. Rather, whitespace is added for
organization and easier reading of the HTML document itself. <!-- The whitespace created by this line, and above/below
this line is ignored by the browser-->

<p>Another test paragraph, this will sit right under the


first paragraph, no extra space between.</p>

<title> Title Element


The <title> element contains a text that de�nes the title of an HTML <!DOCTYPE html>
document. The title is displayed in the browser’s title bar or tab in which the
<html>
HTML page is displayed. The <title> element can only be contained inside a
document’s <head> element.
<head>
<title>Title of the HTML page</title>
</head>
</html>

File Path
URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full URL, for example: <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn or a relative �le path that
/Web">The URL for this anchor element is an absolute file
links to a local �le in the same folder or on the same server, for example:
./style.css . Relative �le paths begin with ./ followed by a path to the local �le. path.</a>
./ tells the browser to look for the �le path from the current folder.
<a href="./about.html">The URL for this anchor element is
a relative file path.</a>

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Document Type Declaration


The document type declaration <!DOCTYPE html> is required as the �rst <!DOCTYPE html>
line of an HTML document. The doctype declaration is an instruction to the
browser about what type of document to expect and which version of HTML is
being used, in this case it’s HTML5.

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