Q1. What business benefits do cloud computing services provide?

What problems do they solve?

Sol1. Cloud computing services has benefitted the business world a
lot. In the case study we have also inferred that Zynga has fostered a
lot by using AWS. Some of the advantages are listed below:-
-Cost effective: By opting cloud service model, companies only pay
for the resources that actually they use. Thus it helps to save the cost
of servers and other equipment.
- Data security: Hardware failures do not result in data loss because
of networked backups.
- Accessibility: Cloud-based applications and data are accessible from
virtually any internet-connected device.

- Speed to market: Developing in the cloud enables users to get their

applications to market quickly.
-Security features: Virtual Private Cloud , encryption, and API keys
help keep data secure.
-High Availability:Cloud providers typically offer high levels of
reliability and availability through redundant systems.
-Data Backup and Recovery: Cloud services often include built-in
backup and recovery solutions
Sol2.
-Downtime: In the case study above, we have inferred that although
cloud computing has significantly fostered in the business world, still
it experiences some challenges. The case study by experts has shown
that cloud computing has an average availability of 99.9 percent but
still this small amount of downtime can cause a large revenue loss for
firms that need 24 by 7 availability. For instance, a simple network
configuration error caused a major multiday service outage in
Amazon during 2011. While rare, cloud service outages can occur
and affect multiple users.
-Dependence on Internet Connectivity: Access to cloud services relies
on a stable internet connection.Poor internet connection can scale
down its service.
-Security Issue: Users may be concerned about the security of
sensitive data stored in the cloud. Regulations on data protection can
be challenging.
- Care for Cost Management: Although it is cost-effective, users need
to manage usage to avoid unexpected costs. Continuous subscription
costs may accumulate over time.
-Data Sharing : Moving data and applications between cloud
providers can be complex.
-Dependence on Cloud computing: Users may become heavily reliant
on a specific cloud provider.
-Shared Resources: Resources are shared among multiple users,
potentially impacting performance during peak times.
Moreover , Performance may vary based on the provider and the
shared infrastructure.

Sol 3.
1. Capacity Planning:
Amazon, as a global e-commerce and cloud computing giant, needs
to carefully plan its capacity to handle varying workloads across its
services. This includes:

 Demand Prediction: Amazon must analyze historical data,

market trends, and seasonal variations to forecast the
computing resources required for its e-commerce platform and
cloud services like AWS.
 Resource Allocation: Efficiently allocating resources to handle
peak shopping seasons, such as Black Friday or holiday seasons,
 is crucial. For AWS, capacity planning involves estimating the
demand for cloud services across different regions and services.
 Performance Optimization: Ensuring that Amazon's
infrastructure can handle the simultaneous transactions,
website visits, and data processing is vital. Capacity planning
helps in optimizing performance and preventing disruptions.
2. Scalability:
Amazon's scalability is evident in its ability to adapt to changing
demands and expand its operations. This includes:

 Vertical Scalability: Amazon can vertically scale its e-commerce

platform by upgrading its servers, databases, and other
infrastructure components to handle increased traffic and
transactions.
 Horizontal Scalability: Amazon Web Services (AWS) exemplifies
horizontal scalability, allowing users to scale their computing
resources by adding more instances or services. AWS's elasticity
enables users to scale up or down based on demand.
3. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO):
Considering TCO is crucial for Amazon to make informed financial
decisions and maintain profitability. This involves:

 Capital Expenses (CapEx): Amazon invests in building and

maintaining its data centers, warehouses, and other
infrastructure. This CapEx is part of the overall TCO.
 Operational Expenses (OpEx): Day-to-day operational costs,
such as salaries, maintenance, and energy consumption for
data centers, contribute to OpEx. Efficient management of
these costs is essential for TCO optimization.
 Investment Evaluation: Amazon evaluates the TCO of its various
services and infrastructure investments. This evaluation
influences decisions on resource allocation, technology
upgrades, and the introduction of new services.
 Sol4.
As cloud computing has a wide range of benefits, businesses of all
sizes and across various sectors adopt cloud computing nowadays
based on their specific needs and goal. Some instances of cloud
computing are provided below:-
Startups and Small Businesses: Cloud computing helps startups and
small businesses to save money instead of large investments on
infrastructure. They can pay for resources as they use them.
E-commerce businesses: Cloud computing has helped E-commerce
businesses a lot by enabling them a global access as the content
could be accessed from anywhere across the globe.
Education: Nowadays cloud computing is used extensively in cloud
computing also. Specifically after lockdown period, educational
institutes have started relying on the services provided by the cloud.
For example, Google Classroom is used that provides ease for the
evaluation process.
Healthcare Services: Cloud computing facilitates collaboration among
healthcare professionals and allows secure sharing of medical
records.
Financial Services: Financial institutions benefit from the high-level
security features. Cloud-based analytics help financial services
companies analyze vast amounts of data for risk management, fraud
detection, and decision-making.
Scalability: Small businesses can easily scale their operations up or
down based on demand without the need for extensive IT resources.
Manufacturing and Data Analytics: Cloud computing supports data
analytics for manufacturers by processing and analyzing data from
IoT devices, and optimizing production processes. Manufacturers can
benefit from the scalability and flexibility of cloud resources for
handling varying workloads.