COMPUTER LITERACY

SUBMITTED TO:

MISS WAJEEHA

SUBMITTED BY:

FARWA KHAN

AREEBA WALAYAT

KAINAT RANA

SECTION:

SESSION:

2021-2025

DEPARTMENT:

BS EDUCATION (SECONDARY)

LAHORE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN UNIVERSITY

 TABLE OF CONTENT

1.1 Introduction to Computer

1.2 Input Devices
1.1.1. Introduction to Input Devices
1.1.2. Functions of Input Devices
1.1.3. Features of Input Devices
1.3 Audio Input Devices
1.3.1. Introduction to Audio Input Devices
1.3.2. Types of Audio Input Devices
1.3.3. Functions of Audio Input Devices
1.3.4. Importance of Audio Input Devices
1.4 Keyboard
1.4.1. Introduction to Keyboard
1.4.2. Importance of Keyboard
1.4.3. Types of Keyboard
1.4.4. Keyboard Layouts
1.4.5. Keyboard keys and their Functions
1.4.6. Conclusion
 COMPUTER

Introduction

The term computer is derived from the word “compute”. The word compute means to
“calculate”. A computer is an electronic device that accepts user input (data) and processes it
under the influence of a set of instructions referred to as programs to produce the desired output
generally referred to as information.

• Data are the raw facts that may not make much meaning to the user.
• Programs are instructions that instruct a computer on what to do.
• Information is the result after data has been processed.

INPUT DEVICES

Introduction

The instruction or data inserted during this process is called “Input” while the device used
to input the data is known as an input device of a computer.

An input device is a computer device or hardware that allows the user to provide data, input,
and instructions to the computer system. Data is provided to the computer system in a raw
format which is then converted into a computer-understandable language by the input
devices. The central processing unit then processes the data to produce output. In other
words, an input device is a peripheral device that helps the users communicate with the
computer system.

Example: Some of the commonly used Input devices are:

1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Joystick
4. Scanner
5. Light Pen
6. Microphone
7. Digital Camera
 8. Track Ball
9. Bar Code Reader
10. Optical Character Reader

Functions of Input Device

The input devices of a computer are a vital part of the operation of the machine. Without
input devices, it wouldn't be possible for the user to communicate with the computer,
rendering it almost useless. If you want to add new information to the computer (for
example, text, command, document, image, etc.), you can't do it without an input device.
Modern machines can handle several different input devices in use at the same time. Most of
these devices connect to the computer through a standard serial port connection or a USB
connection.

Some characteristics of input devices are:

 They allow information to be entered into the computer in different formats, such as
audio, image, text, etc.
 They translate the information provided by the user into data that is readable by the
computer.
 They are part of the computer's hardware and can be connected wirelessly or through
a cable.
 They are adapting according to the different technological developments.
 They are essential for the user to be able to use the computer and are easy to use.

Features of Input Device

The most vital features of these devices are as follows:

 User-friendliness is a crucial feature as it determines how easy it is for the user to

operate the device. A user-friendly device is intuitive and does not require extensive
knowledge or training to use. It should have a simple design, clear instructions, and be
comfortable to use. For example, a keyboard should have well-spaced keys that are easy
to press, and a mouse should fit comfortably in the user's hand.
  Accuracy is another vital feature. An input device should accurately capture and transmit
the user's input to the computer. For instance, a graphics tablet should accurately capture
the artist's strokes, and a microphone should accurately capture the speaker's voice. Any
inaccuracies can lead to errors and frustration for the user.
 Speed is also important. An input device should be able to quickly process and transmit
the user's input to the computer. This is especially important for devices like keyboards
and mice, where an input delay can disrupt the user's workflow and decrease
productivity.
 Reliability is a key feature as well. The device should consistently work as expected
without failing or causing errors. A reliable device increases user confidence and reduces
the likelihood of work disruptions due to device failure.
 Finally, Compatibility with various software and hardware is essential. An input device
should work seamlessly with different operating systems, software applications, and
hardware configurations. This ensures that the device can be used in a wide range of
situations and by a wide range of users.

AUDIO INPUT DEVICE

Introduction:

Audio input devices are hardware components used to capture sound and convert it into a format
that can be processed by a computer. These devices play a critical role in various applications,
from communication and entertainment to voice recognition and multimedia production.

Types of Audio Input Devices:

1. Microphones:

Microphones are the most common audio input devices. They capture sound waves and
convert them into electrical signals, which are then digitized by the computer for processing
or storage.

Examples: Voice recording, video calls, podcasts, voice recognition, and gaming.

1. Headsets:
 A headset combines headphones and a microphone into one device. While it is primarily
used for communication, the microphone component serves as the audio input device.

For Example: Online gaming, video conferencing, and customer service applications.

2. Audio Interface:

Audio interfaces are specialized devices used by musicians and audio engineers. They allow
the connection of professional microphones, musical instruments, and other audio sources to
a computer for high-quality sound recording and editing.

Examples are music production, podcasting, and live sound recording.

3. Digital Musical Instruments (MIDI):

MIDI devices, such as electronic keyboards and synthesizers, can be considered audio input
devices when used to control or input musical data into a computer.

Examples: Music composition, sound design, and live performance.

Functions of Audio Input Devices:

1. Voice Communication: Audio input devices capture sound during conversations,

such as in voice calls, video calls, and online meetings. They are essential in
facilitating real-time, clear communication between users.
2. Voice Recognition and Control: Many devices, especially microphones, are used for
voice recognition applications like virtual assistants (e.g., Siri, Alexa), which allow
users to control the computer or smart devices via voice commands.
3. Audio Recording and Editing: Audio input devices are crucial in the fields of sound
recording, audio production, and editing. Artists, podcasters, and engineers use high-
quality microphones and interfaces to capture and produce clear audio tracks.
4. Multimedia Interaction: Audio input devices are also employed in multimedia
projects, such as adding sound effects, voiceovers, or narration in videos and games.
5. Sound Detection and Analysis: In some scientific and industrial applications, audio
input devices are used to capture environmental sounds for analysis, such as detecting
faults in machinery or monitoring wildlife.
Importance of Audio Input Devices:

 Communication: Audio input devices enhance communication in various settings,

whether personal or professional, enabling real-time audio exchange through voice
calls, video conferences, and online gaming.
 Accessibility: Voice recognition systems and virtual assistants powered by
microphones make computing more accessible for individuals with physical
disabilities, as they can control devices through speech.
 Content Creation: In the era of digital content, audio input devices play a crucial
role in the creation of podcasts, music, and videos. They ensure the production of
high-quality audio content.
 Entertainment: Audio input devices are essential in gaming, enabling players to
communicate with teammates or interact with the game through voice commands.

KEYBOARD

Introduction

A keyboard is an essential input device for computers. It allows users to enter data through keys
representing letters, numbers, and symbols. Without it, most computing tasks would be difficult,
as typing is needed for communication, document creation, coding, and more.

Importance of Keyboard

 The keyboard is a primary input device for data entry.

 It allows for fast and efficient typing.
 Keyboards provide control and navigation in software.
 They improve accessibility for users with disabilities.
 Essential for gaming, offering control and customization.
 Keyboards boost productivity through shortcuts.
 They feature a standardized layout for ease of use.
 Ergonomic designs reduce strain during prolonged use.
 Important in education for completing assignments.
 Vital for data entry tasks across various fields.
 Example: Laptop Keyboard (Integrated into laptops, often designed to be slim and compact).

Types of Keyboards

Different types of keyboards exist to meet specific needs and preferences. Choosing the right one
can greatly enhance typing speed, accuracy, and comfort.

1. Mechanical Keyboards:

These keyboards use physical switches under each key. They provide tactile
feedback, making them ideal for typing and gaming. Mechanical keyboards are
known for their durability and faster response times.

Importance: Favoured by professionals who type extensively and gamers for their
precise and responsive nature.

Example: A gaming keyboard.

2. Membrane Keyboards:

These keyboards use pressure pads instead of individual switches, making them
quieter and softer to type on. They are more affordable and common in laptops.

Importance: Quiet typing and cost-efficiency make membrane keyboards popular for
home and office use.

Example: Most laptop keyboards.

3. Wired Keyboards:

These keyboards connect directly to the computer using a cable. They are reliable and
don’t need batteries.

Importance: Wired keyboards offer uninterrupted power and faster response times,
which are critical for gaming and high-performance tasks.

Example: Most desktop computer keyboards.

4. Wireless Keyboards:
 Wireless keyboards use Bluetooth or RF technology to connect to devices without
cables. This makes them portable and clutter-free, ideal for those who prefer
flexibility.

Importance: Portability and less clutter on desks make them a good choice for
modern office setups and mobile devices.

Example: Keyboards used with tablets or smart TVs.

Keyboard Layouts

There are different layouts used around the world, which can influence typing speed and ease.

1. Qwerty Layout:

The most widely used layout is named after the first six letters on the top left row. It
was designed to prevent typewriter jams, and although it’s not the fastest layout, it
remains the standard.

Importance: The familiarity of the QWERTY layout makes it the go-to for most
users, providing comfort for everyday typing.

Example: The keyboard layout you use every day

2. Azerty Layout:

Used in French-speaking countries, the AZERTY layout is different in key placement

compared to QWERTY, making it better suited for French typists.

Importance: Regional layouts like AZERTY cater to the specific needs of non-
English-speaking users, improving typing speed for those languages.

Example: French computers use this.

Keyboard Keys and Their Functions

1. Letter Keys:

These keys allow you to type words and sentences, forming the basic structure of
typing.
 Importance: They are crucial for everyday tasks like writing reports, emails, and
messages.

Example: Typing a Word document.

2. Number Keys:

These are used for inputting numerical data, calculations, and special symbols when
combined with Shift.

Importance: Important for tasks involving calculations, coding, and entering data.

Example: Typing phone numbers or doing math.

3. Function Keys (F1–F12):

These keys perform specific actions, like refreshing a page (F5) or opening help
menus (F1).

Importance: Function keys provide shortcuts that can save time in many programs,
increasing productivity.

Example: Pressing F1 to open help on a computer.

4. Shift, Ctrl, Alt Keys:

These modifier keys are used in combination with other keys to create shortcuts type
special characters. For example, Ctrl+C for copying and Ctrl+V for pasting.

Importance: Modifier keys allow users to perform multiple actions with fewer
keystrokes, improving efficiency in complex tasks.

Example: Pressing Ctrl+C to copy a sentence.

Conclusion:

Keyboards come in many types and layouts, and they are essential for interacting with computers
and devices. From ergonomic designs to layout variations, choosing the right keyboard can
enhance productivity, comfort, and user experience.