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Manual Projections: Najah Saeed Abdulridha

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35 views23 pages

Manual Projections: Najah Saeed Abdulridha

Uploaded by

hussainmahdijari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BUOG

Manual Projections

Prepared by
Najah Saeed Abdulridha [email protected]
Objectives
Upon completion of this section, you should be able to:

• Identify the purpose of manual projections


• given survey data and the target location, perform an azimuth projection
• given survey data and the target location, perform an inclination projection.
Purpose of manual projections
A directional well has a defined well path. However, DD will NOT be exactly on plan during drilling. Therefore, it is
critical that the DD & DE monitors the progress of the well to make sure it is on course so that the proposed target
area will be achieved.
Manual projections are a simple, quick way to monitor the well. They use the average angle method to project a
straight-line path from the current bottomhole position to the target or to a known point on the plan. This is an
accurate method that can be done on a hand-held calculator, provided the distance between current bottomhole
position and the target, or point, is not too large in relation to the well path. With this method, the directional
driller can determine if the well must be turned left or right, and/or up or down to hit the target.
To make a manual projection to the target, you need the following
1-Well plan data
well plan data for the target:
• Target polar or rectangular coordinates
• Target TVD
• Plane of proposal.

2-Survey Data
To manually project from the current bottomhole position, the directional driller also requires survey
data.
For example the like the table below:

Survey Data to Project Bottomhole Position


Manual Projection Steps
A manual projection involves calculating the MD, INC, AZ, VS, TVD, and N/S and E/W
coordinates for the projected target we will use the following well plan data in our first
example?

Example-1

1- Well Plan Data

2-Survey Data
MPS-1-Change in azimuth
First, we calculate the target N/S and E/W coordinates. The N/S and E/W coordinates of the projected
target can be calculated from its polar coordinates. The azimuthal direction is converted to compass
quadrant. Then, using the polar distance, the rectangular coordinates are calculated. The N/S and E/W
coordinates have been updated to:

Direction of our solution


MPS-1-Change in azimuth

The target is in the SE quadrant, so the N/S coordinates are negative.


MPS-2-Identify the target TVD
The projected TVD is the same as the target TVD from the well plan. The data has been updated with the target
TVD from the well plan:

Target TVD Updated


MPS-3-Calculate the target vertical section
The vertical section of the projected target is calculated by projecting the target's horizontal
displacement onto the plane of proposal at a right angle. According to the well plan data, the
target HD is 357.34 ft.
To project HD onto the plane of proposal, you calculate α, which is the difference between the
target azimuth (143.85°) and the plane of proposal (135°).
MPS-3-Calculate the target vertical section

Vertical Section of Projected Target is Calculated


MPS-3-Calculate the average azimuth angle
To determine if there needs to be a change in azimuth, the average azimuth angle is
calculated. In the graphic, angle AZ Average is the average azimuth angle. To calculate angle
AZ Average, perform the next steps:

Average Azimuth Angle


MPS-4-Compare the average azimuth to AZ Survey2
Next, compare AZ Average to AZ Survey2. If they are equal, there is no need to do any more
for the azimuth projection. It means there has been no change in azimuth.
MPS-4-Compare the average azimuth to AZ Survey2
MPS-4-Compare the average azimuth to AZ Survey2

Projected Target Azimuth is 133.24°


MPS-5-Average inclination angle
To determine if there needs to be a change in inclination, the average inclination angle is
calculated. In the graphic, angle β is the average inclination angle.
MPS-5-Average inclination angle

Inclination Projection
MPS-6-Measured depth
Manual Projections
Example-1
1- Well Plan Data

2-Survey Data
Example-2: Change in inclination
In the second part of this lesson, we will detect a required change in inclination using a different set of target and
survey data, as shown below. You will be required to step through the calculations, calculating the required inputs
as you go.
Well Target Data

Survey Data
Example-2: Change in inclination
Solution
1. Calculate N/S and E/W coordinates of the target.
2. Identify the target TVD.
3. Calculate the target vertical section.
4. Calculate the average azimuth angle.
5. Compare the average azimuth angle to AZ Survey 2.
6. If the average azimuth angle does NOT equal AZ Survey 2, calculate AZ Target.
7. Calculate the average inclination angle.
8. If the average inclination angle does NOT equal INC Survey 2, calculate INC
Target.
9. Calculate the target measured depth.
Example-2: Calculate the projected target inclination
Solution
When the average inclination angle does not equal the inclination at the current survey station, the directional
driller calculates the required target inclination. This is done by using the average angle formula and substituting
the values for the average inclination and INC Survey 2.
The projected target inclination of 16.20° is the inclination at which the directional driller must now steer toward to
hit the target.
Final Exam- First Try_4_3_2020: Q5: A: Given the well plan and survey data below,
perform a manual projection. Arrange your answers in the table?
Well Plan Data
Target polar coordinates = 314.21 ft. @ 233.01°
Target TVD = 5,253.13 ft.
Plane of proposal = 230°

Perform a manual projection. And Calculate the Following below:


[Round the answers to two decimal places].
1. N/S & E/W coordinates of the projected target?
2. Projected TVD?
3. Projected vertical section & Projected measured depth?
4. Do you need to calculate the projected target azimuth AZM Target?
5. Do you need to calculate the projected target inclination INC Target?
Final Exam- 2nd Try @ 15/9/2021

Q1: Given the well plan and survey data below: Well Plan Data
 Target polar coordinates = 608.10 ft @ 305°
 Target TVD = 7,960 ft
 Plane of proposal = 325°

MD INC AZ VS TVD N/S E/W


Survey 2 8188 28.78 320 511.86 7810.09 283.92 -447.44
Projection

Perform a manual projection. And Calculate the Following below:


[Round the answers to two decimal places].

1. N/S & E/W coordinates of the projected target?


2. Projected TVD?
3. Projected vertical section & Projected measured depth?
4. Average azimuth angle?
5. Average inclination angle?

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