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What is IPv4?
Last Updated : 17 Oct, 2022
IP stands for Internet Protocol and v4 stands for Version Four (IPv4). IPv4
was the primary version brought into action for production within the
ARPANET in 1983.
IP version four addresses are 32-bit integers which will be expressed in
decimal notation.
Example- 192.0.2.126 could be an IPv4 address.
Parts of IPv4
Network part:
The network part indicates the distinctive variety that’s appointed to the
network. The network part conjointly identifies the category of the
network that’s assigned.
Host Part:
The host part uniquely identifies the machine on your network. This part
of the IPv4 address is assigned to every host.
For each host on the network, the network part is the same, however, the
host half must vary.
Subnet number:
This is the nonobligatory part of IPv4. Local networks that have massive
numbers of hosts are divided into subnets and subnet numbers are
appointed to that.

Characteristics of IPv4
IPv4 could be a 32-Bit IP Address.
IPv4 could be a numeric address, and its bits are separated by a dot.
The number of header fields is twelve and the length of the header field is
twenty.
It has Unicast, broadcast, and multicast style of addresses.
IPv4 supports VLSM (Virtual Length Subnet Mask).
IPv4 uses the Post Address Resolution Protocol to map to the MAC
address.
RIP may be a routing protocol supported by the routed daemon.
Networks ought to be designed either manually or with DHCP.
 Packet fragmentation permits from routers and causing host.

Advantages of IPv4
IPv4 security permits encryption to keep up privacy and security.
IPV4 network allocation is significant and presently has quite 85000
practical routers.
It becomes easy to attach multiple devices across an outsized network
while not NAT.
This is a model of communication so provides quality service also as
economical knowledge transfer.
IPV4 addresses are redefined and permit flawless encoding.
Routing is a lot of scalable and economical as a result of addressing is
collective more effectively.
Data communication across the network becomes a lot of specific in
multicast organizations.
Limits net growth for existing users and hinders the use of the net for
brand new users.
Internet Routing is inefficient in IPv4.
IPv4 has high System Management prices and it’s labor-intensive,
complex, slow & frequent to errors.
Security features are nonobligatory.
Difficult to feature support for future desires as a result of adding it on
is extremely high overhead since it hinders the flexibility to attach
everything over IP.

Limitations of IPv4
IP relies on network layer addresses to identify end-points on network,
and each network has a unique IP address.
The world’s supply of unique IP addresses is dwindling, and they might
eventually run out theoretically.
If there are multiple host, we need IP addresses of next class.
Complex host and routing configuration, non-hierarchical addressing,
difficult to re-numbering addresses, large routing tables, non-trivial
implementations in providing security, QoS (Quality of Service), mobility
and multi-homing, multicasting etc. are the big limitation of IPv4 so that’s
why IPv6 came into the picture.

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