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5 views7 pages

REVIEW

Uploaded by

Princess luis Garalde
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MENSTRUAL CYCLE

• It is a natural yet complex cycle controlled by female hormones that


cause regular bleeding (periods).

• It is chain of activities in the brain, ovaries, and uterus linked to


hormones.

FLOW PHASE OR MENSTRUATION PHASE


Days:
•1 to 5
Event:
• Estrogen and progesterone levels arelow
• Endometrium sheds
• Follicle growth in ovary

FOLLICULAR PHASE
Days:
• 6 to 13
Event:
• FSH stimulates follicle to grow and mature
• Secretes estrogen
• Endometrium thickens

OVULATION PHASE
Day: • 14
Event:
• LH levels is very high causing oocyte to burst from the follicle in the
ovary into oviduct

LUTHEAL PHASE
Day:
• 15 to 28
Event:
• LH causes corpus luteum to develop from follicle •
Corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone
• Endometrium thicken and Is maintained; Progesterone is preventing
contractions. •
Inhibits LH and FSH

FEEDBACK MECHANISM
• Process through which the level of a certain substance influence the
level of another substances.
• Important to maintain homeostasis

Positive Feedback Mechanism


stimulates or increases the production of certain hormones

Negative Feedback Mechanism


Inhibits or decreases the production of certain hormones
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES
• Aggressive behavior and irritability
• Trouble sleeping (too much or too little)
• Difficulty concentrating & remembering
• Stress and anxiety
• Changes in appetite
• Reduced libido
• Mood swings
• Depression or sadness

PHYSICAL CHANGES
• Breast tenderness and swelling
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Bloating and gas
• Headaches or backaches
• Cramps
• Fluid retention
• Fatigue and vertigo
• Acne

ENDOCRINE
MAJOR EDOCRINE GLANDS ANDTHEIR HORMONES

HYPOTHALAMUS
LOCATION: Above the brainstem at the base of your brain HORMONES
RELEASED: Produces releasing and inhibiting hormones
FUNCTIONS: Stop and start the production of other hormones

PITUITARY
LOCATION: At the base of the brain
FUNCTIONS: Stimulate growth and body metabolism

PINEAL
LOCATION: Mid-line of the brain
HORMONES RELEASED: Melatonin
FUNCTIONS: Control the cycle of sleep and wakefulness

THYROID
LOCATION: At the front of the neck, under the voice box HORMONES
RELEASED: Thyroxine and calcitonin
FUNCTIONS: Regulates body metabolism and storage of calcium in the
bones
PARATHYROID
LOCATION:Behind the thyroid at the bottom of your neck HORMONES
RELEASED:Parathyroid hormone or parathormone FUNCTIONS:Controls
calcium levels and normalizes bone growth

THYMUS
LOCATION: Upper chest behind your breastbone
HORMONES RELEASED: Thymosin, thymopoietin, and thymulin
FUNCTIONS: Enables body to produce antibodies

ADRENAL
LOCATION:On top of both kidneys
HORMONES RELEASED:Adrenaline
FUNCTIONS:Prepares the body in action, controls the heart rate, and
breathing in times of emergency

PANCREAS
LOCATION: Inside your abdomen, just behind your stomach HORMONES
RELEASED: Insulin and Glucagon FUNCTIONS:
Regulate the level of glucose in the blood

OVARY
LOCATION: Each side of the uterus, just below the opening of the
fallopian tubes
HORMONES RELEASED: Estrogen and Progesterone
FUNCTIONS: Influence female traits and reproductive development and
menstruation

TESTIS
LOCATION:Inside the scrotum
HORMONES RELEASED:Testosterone
FUNCTIONS:Sperm production and development of male characteristics

ROLE OF HORMONES IN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


MALE REPRODUCTIVE
Follicle-Stimulating Hormones
(FSH Signals sperm production (spermatogenesis)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Stimulates production of testosterone
Testosterone hormone
Produced by the testis
Regulates sex differentiation, male sex characteristics, spermatogenesis
and fertility

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
Follicle-Stimulating Hormones
(FSH) Signals development of egg cell (oogenesis)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Plays a role in the development of ova, and stimulation of estrogen and
progesterone production
Estrogen
Instrumental in breast development, fat distribution in the hips, and the
development of reproductive organs Progesteron
Helps prepare the body for potential pregnancy

ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
GIGANTISM AND DWARFISM
The pituitary glands produces too much or too little growth hormones
POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Overproduction of androgens

DIABETES
The pancreas doesn't make enough hormone insulin or your body
doesn't use it properly

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