BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS - I

UNIT III
Strip Foundations suitable for load bearing
structures
First year B.Arch 2020-21
(2019 pattern)
SPPU Semester I

Presented by – Ar. Shreyas Paranjape

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Index
• Difference between Load bearing & Framed structures
• Introduction to foundation
• Types of Foundations – Shallow, Deep & Strip
• Foundation In Brick And Stone Masonry
• Foundation In R.C.C. – Introduction
• Factors for Foundation Selection
• Pressure Bulb- Stress Isobar Concept
• Tools And Equipment’s

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Difference between Load bearing & Framed structures
Framed Structures Load Bearing Structures
Transfer of Load Transfer of Load

Slab

Beams Roof/Slab

Columns Walls

Foundation Foundation

Framed Structures Load Bearing structures

Segregation in load transfer from Direct Transfer of load from

Slab to beams to columns to Foundation Slab to walls to foundation

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Foundation - Introduction
Purpose of Load Transfer
Foundation

• Load bearing structure/walls

• Foundation
• Footing
https://www.quora.com/Which-is-stronger-load-bearing-or-framed-structures
https://www.tekportal.net/bearing-wall/

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Types of Foundations

Shallow
Foundation

Combined
Spread Footing Mat Foundation Strap Footing
Footing

Foundation

Deep
Foundation

Caisson
Driven Piles Drilled Shafts Auger Cast Piles
Foundation

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Shallow Foundations
1. Spread Footing Shallow Foundations 2. Mat Foundation
Spread footings are defined as footings that Mat foundation/Raft foundation is a continuous
spread the super imposed load of wall or column thick concrete slab on the soil that extends the
over a large area. entire footprint of the building.

Spread footing is classified in two types as below. • It is provided where the shallow foundation is
possible but the condition of the soil is poor.
• Isolated footing
• Reduces the cost of constructing a floor
• Strip footing slab (But not fully economical).

• Helps in the transferring of loads over a wide

area.

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Shallow Foundations
3. Combined Footing Shallow Foundations 4. Strap Footing
Combined footings are constructed for two or A strap footing is a type of combined footing,
more columns when they are close to each consisting of two or more column footings
other and their foundations overlap. connected by a concrete beam. This type of
beam is called a strap beam.
The combined footing may be rectangular, trapezoidal
or Tee-shaped in plan. A strap footing is often used for columns that are
located along a building’s property or plot line.

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Difference between Shallow & Deep foundations
Shallow Foundation Deep Foundation

D
D

Depth
Depth > 15
<1
Breadth
Breadth
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Strip foundations
Strip Foundation Advantages of Strip Foundation

• Strip foundations are a type of • Ability to withstand great loads.

shallow foundations that are • Easy to build, no special training
used to provide a continuous, requirements for personnel.
level (or sometimes stepped) • Very long service life.
strip of support to a linear • The price is much lower than that
structure such as a wall or of cast-in-situ structures, although
closely-spaced rows of strip foundations
columns built centrally above are not inferior to them in
them. strength.
• Insulation of the floors can be
• Before the widespread done much better in a strip
manufacture of Portland foundation.
cement, it was common for strip
foundations to be constructed Disadvantages of Strip Foundation
from bricks, without a concrete
base or footing beneath them. • Not suitable for every soil type.
• Incase of R.C.C. Strip foundation
• The brick foundation was built the filling needs to be done in one
up directly from firm subsoil or a go, but preparing such an amount
bed of natural stones. of concrete in a go poses problem.
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Foundation In Brick And Stone Masonry

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Foundation In R.C.C.

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Factors for Foundation Selection
Bearing Capacity of Soil

External Load
(weight of superstructure)

Internal Load
(soil bearing capacity)

Types of Soil
1. Fine Loose & Dry Sand- 10,000 kg/sq.m.
S.B.C. (High) S.B.C. (Low)
2. Compact Clay- 45,000 kg/sq.m.
3. Compact Gravel- 45,000 kg/sq.m.
4. Soft Rock- 45,000 kg/sq.m.
5. Black Cotton Soil- 15,000 kg/sq.m.
6. Medium Clay- 25,000 kg/sq.m.
7. Medium Clay- 25,000 kg/sq.m.
8. Hard Rock- 3,30,000 kg/sq.m.
9. Compact Sand- 45,000 kg/sq.m. Shallow Foundation Deep Foundation

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Pressure Bulb- Stress Isobar Concept
• An isobar or pressure bulb is a stress contour • an isobar is a spatial curved surface and
or a line which connects all points below the resembles a bulb in shape; this is because the
ground surface at which the vertical vertical pressure at all points in a horizontal
pressure is the same. plane at equal radial distances from the load
is the same.
• Thus, the stress isobar is also called the
‘bulb of pressure’ or simply the
‘pressure bulb’.
• The vertical pressure at each point on the
pressure bulb is the same.
Thus, the stress isobar is also called the
‘bulb of pressure’ or simply the
‘pressure bulb’. The vertical pressure at each
point on the pressure bulb is the same.
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Difference between Foundation & Footing
Footing Foundation

• The footing is a formation which is in • Foundation is a structure which transfers its

contact with the ground. gravity loads to earth from superstructure.

• The footing is a type of shallow • Foundation can be shallow and deep.

foundation.

• Footing includes slab, rebar which are • Foundation types include piles, caissons,
fabricated of brickwork, masonry footings, piers, the lateral supports, and
or concrete. anchors.

• Footing reinforces support to an • Foundation is an extensive

individual column. support because it gives support to a
group of footings as an entire building.

• Footing transmits loads directly to the • Foundation is in direct contact with the
soil. soil and transmits it to the ground.

• All footings are foundations. • Not all foundations are footings.

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Tools And Equipment's

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 THANK YOU

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