Internship Report

(Project Work)
On

SALES INSIGHTS UNLOCKED -A

MULTI VARIATE APPROACH
Submitted to
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR, ANANTHAPURAMU
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
COMPUTER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Submitted By
D SUKUMAR - 21691A28H0

Under the Guidance of

MR.N.Saikiran ,
M.Tech., Ph.D
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science & Technology

MADANAPALLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

(UGC – AUTONOMOUS)
(Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)
Accredited by NBA, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
AN ISO 21001:2018 Certified Institution
P. B. No: 14, Angallu, Madanapalle, Annamayya – 517325
 MADANAPALLE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(UGC-AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION)
Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu &Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
NAAC Accredited with A+ Grade
NBA Accredited -B.Tech. (CIVIL, CSE, CST, ECE, EEE, MECH), MBA&MCA

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the SUMMER INTERNSHIP-2 (20CST702) entitled “ SALES

INSIGHT UNLOCKED - A MUTIVARIATE APPROACH ” is a bonafide work carried
out by

D SUKUMAR - 21691A28H0

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree Bachelor of
Technology in the stream of Computer Science & Technology in Madanapalle Institute of
Technology & Science, Madanapalle, affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University Anantapur, Ananthapuramu during the academic year 2024-2025.

Guide Internship Coordinator/CST

MR.N.Saikiran, M.Tech , Ph.D Mr.V.Naveen
Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor
Department of CST Department of CST

Head of the Department

Dr.K.Dinesh
Associate Professor and Head
Department of CST
INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE

iii
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that results embodied in this SUMMER INTERNSHIP-2(20CST702)

“ SALES INSIGHTS UNLOCKED - A MUTIVARIATE APPROACH ” by me under the
guidance of MR.N.SAI KIRAN, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CST in partial fulfillment of
the award of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Technology from
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Ananthapuramu and I have
not submitted the same to any other University/institute for award of any other degree.

Date :
Place : Angallu

PROJECT MEMBER
D SUKUMAR (21691A28H0)

I certify that above statement made by the student is correct to the best of my
knowledge.

Date : Guide : MR.N.SAI KIRAN

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 About Industry or Organization Details 2
1.2 My Personal Benefits 2
1.3 Objective of the Project 3
1.4 Limitations of Project 4

2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 5
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Existing System 7
2.3 Disadvantages of Existing System 8
2.4 Proposed System 9
2.5 Advantages over Existing System 10

3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION 13
3.1 Hardware Requirement Specification 14
3.2 Software Requirement Specification 16

4. SYSTEM DESIGN 18
4.1 System Architecture 19
4.2 Modules Flow diagrams 24

5. IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS 29

5.1 Introduction 30
5.2 Implementation of key functions 30
5.3 Method of Implementation(CODING) 33
5.4 Output Screens and Result Analysis 37

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6. TESTING AND VALIDATION 48
6.1 Introduction 49
6.2 Design of Test cases and Scenarios 49
6.3 Validation 52

7. CONCLUSION 54
7.1 Conclusion 55
REFERENCES 56

vi
 ABSTRACT
Predicting the user response plays a vital role in presenting relevant ad to the right

audience. It involves the impact of the metrics in measuring the ad effectiveness. insight to

the research areas which are to be focused for better serving community in future where

social media and mobile app users are increasing drastically every day. Increased device

utilization and enhanced online user an activity predicting the user response plays a vital role

in resenting relevant ad to the right audience. It will help the advertisers in analyzing the

requirements and the interests of the customers and enhance their advertising approach and ad

company strategy thus it becomes essential to predict the number of clicks gained by the

advertisements.

we find the dependencies of independent values (expenditure on adds) and dependent values

(sales outcome) for an car advertising company and hence analyzing the cost effectiveness

upon sales using regression analysis.

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 List of Figures

Figure
S.NO Name of the figure Page Number
No.
1 4.1.1 System architecture of sales analysis 23

2 4.2.1 Flow diagram of analysis 27

3 4.2.2 Analysation Chart 28

4 5.3.1 Importing Data into Excel 34

5 5.3.2 Analysing Data Using Excel 36

6 5.4.1 Advertising Data 39

7 5.4.2 Scikit-learn of all data numerically 39

8 5.4.3 Multiple liner regression & include Is Large 40

Handling categorical predictor with more two
9 5.4.4 40
categories
10 5.4.5 Plotting least squares line 41

11 5.4.6 Predications for smallest & Largest 41

12 5.4.7 Confidence in our Model 42
13 5.4.8 Piece-by-piece is available model 42
14 5.4.9 Average order per person 43
15 5.4.10 Total sales 43
16 5.4.11 Total Food fall 43
17 5.5.1 Dash Board of Head sales Analysis 46
18 5.5.2 Dash Borad of Tail Sales Analysis 46
19 5.5.3 Ordered relationship 47
20 5.5.4 Quantity ordered based on Months 47

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

APIs Application Programming Interfaces

EDA Exploratory data analysis

KPIs Key performance indicators

POS Point-of-Sales

AMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc

SSD Solid-State Drive

HDD Hard Disk Drive

UPS Uninterrupted power supply

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1
1.1 About Industry or Organization Details
 Name: Slash Mark
 Domain: Artificial intelligence & Machine learning
 Website: Slashmark.cloud
 Internship Period: 15 June 2024 – 15 August 2024
 Slash Mark is a versatile organization operating across multiple domains to deliver
innovative and practical solutions to businesses. It is known for fostering an
environment that encourages learning and growth, emphasizing real-world
applications through project-based experiences. The organization’s services extend
across various industries, focusing on leveraging technology to address business
challenges effectively.

1.2 My Personal Benefits

During my internship at Slash Mark, I gained significant expertise in various aspects

of data analytics, particularly in data collection, cleaning, and exploratory data analysis
(EDA). I learned how to systematically gather and organize raw data from different sources,
ensuring its accuracy and consistency for meaningful analysis. The process of cleaning the
data taught me the importance of identifying and correcting inconsistencies, handling missing
values, and preparing the dataset to be analysis-ready.
Additionally, I enhanced my technical proficiency with tools like Microsoft Excel and
Power BI, which are essential for data visualization. I developed skills in creating pivot
tables, charts, and graphs in Excel, which helped in breaking down complex datasets into
intuitive visual formats. In Power BI, I learned to design interactive dashboards that
provided dynamic, real-time insights, making the data more accessible and actionable for
stakeholders. These visualization skills significantly improved my ability to present findings
clearly and effectively. Furthermore, the end-to-end nature of the project strengthened
my analytical and project management capabilities. By engaging in every phase, from data
preparation to insights
generation and presentation, I developed a holistic understanding of the analytics process.

2
1.3 Objective of the Project

The primary objective of this project was to perform an in-depth analysis of TV ,New paper,
sales data to derive actionable insights that could drive business decisions. The focus of the
project included the following goals:
 Identifying Sales Patterns Over Time:
To analyze sales trends across different time periods (daily, weekly,
monthly) to understand peak business hours, seasonal sales variations, and overall
performance.
 Evaluating Product Performance:
To assess the popularity and profitability of various products offered by the TV, New
paper, sales identifying top-selling items and underperforming ones.
 Segmenting Customers Based on Behavior:
To categorize customers into meaningful segments based on purchasing frequency,
preferences, and spending habits. This segmentation aimed to tailor marketing efforts
and promotions for each group.
 Improving Inventory Management:
To identify inventory needs based on product demand, minimizing overstocking or
understocking issues, and ensuring an efficient supply chain.
 Enhancing Customer Satisfaction:
To gain insights into customer preferences and feedback, enabling the TV sale New
paper to improve its offerings and overall service quality.
 Forecasting Future Sales:
To use historical data and trends to predict future sales, enabling better planning for
staffing, inventory, and marketing campaigns.
 Optimizing Pricing Strategies:
To analyze how pricing affects sales performance and profitability, providing
recommendations for optimal price points.
 Supporting Data-Driven Decision-Making:
To empower management with clear, actionable insights presented through visual
dashboards and reports for informed decision-making.
By achieving these objectives, the project aimed to support the TV, New paper, sales in
improving operational efficiency, enhancing customer satisfaction, and maximizing
profitability.

3
1.4 Limitations of the Project

While the " Sales Insights unlocked – A multivariate Approach " project provided valuable
insights and learning opportunities, it faced certain limitations that constrained the overall
scope and potential of the analysis. These limitations include:
 Limited to the Dataset Provided:
The project relied entirely on the sales dataset provided by the Tv ,Sale, New paper
,For instance, the data lacked additional dimensions such as customer demographics,
competitor information, or external factors like market trends or seasonal events,
which could have enriched the analysis and provided more holistic insights.
 Real-Time Data Wasn't Accessible:
The project used historical and static data rather than real-time or live sales
information. Real-time data could have enabled dynamic analysis and immediate
actionable insights, which are particularly valuable in fast-paced business
environments like retail and hospitality.
 Dependent on the Accuracy of Sales Records:
The analysis was heavily dependent on the accuracy and reliability of the sales
records provided. Any errors, inconsistencies, or omissions in the data could have
skewed the results, leading to potentially inaccurate conclusions.
 Limited Customer Interaction Data:
While the project included some customer behavior analysis, it lacked granular details
such as individual customer preferences, feedback, or loyalty metrics. These elements
could have helped in developing more personalized marketing strategies and
improving customer retention.
 Inability to Test Recommendations in Real Time:
The project was confined to providing recommendations based on past data, without
the opportunity to implement and measure the impact of those recommendations.
Testing the effectiveness of proposed strategies, such as promotions or inventory
adjustments, would have added a practical validation layer to the analysis. In.

4
 CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

5
2.1 Introduction

The " Sales Insights unlocked – A multivariate Approach ”project is rooted in the
application of data analytics to transform raw sales data into actionable insights. This
approach aligns with modern business practices, where data plays a critical role in guiding
decision- making processes. During the project, various analytical techniques and tools were
utilized to uncover trends, patterns, and customer behaviors that could help optimize the
coffee shop's operations and profitability.
The project was conducted in multiple structured phases to ensure a comprehensive
analysis. These phases included data collection, cleaning, exploratory data analysis (EDA),
visualization, and reporting. Data cleaning was a vital step to eliminate inconsistencies,
handle missing values, and ensure the reliability of the dataset. Exploratory data analysis
(EDA) followed, which involved identifying trends in sales performance, customer
purchasing patterns, and product demand.
Visualization played a significant role in making the findings intuitive and actionable.
Tools such as Microsoft Excel and Power BI were used extensively to create dynamic
dashboards, pivot tables, and interactive charts. These visual representations made complex
data accessible, enabling stakeholders to quickly understand insights and make informed
decisions.
The primary objective of this analysis was to support decision-making by providing
clear, data-driven recommendations. By identifying peak sales periods, evaluating product
performance, and analyzing customer preferences, the project aimed to improve the TV, New
paper, Sales marketing strategies, inventory management, and customer satisfaction. Through
systematic implementation, the project successfully highlighted the potential of data analytics
in solving real-world business challenges, demonstrating its transformative impact on
operational efficiency and profitability. In addition to the core steps of cleaning, analyzing,
and visualizing the data, the project incorporated advanced techniques to enhance the depth
and usability of the findings. Comparative analysis was performed to evaluate sales
performance across different time periods and customer segments. This approach helped in
identifying seasonal trends, high-performing time slots, and variations in customer
preferences, which are crucial for strategic planning and resource allocation.

6
2.2 Existing System
The current system used by the TV ,Sales , New paper for managing sales and operations is
based on traditional approaches that lack modern tools and automation. These methods are
outdated and fail to meet the demands of a competitive business environment. Key aspects of
the existing system include:
1. Manual Data Entry of Sales and Inventory Records
 Sales and inventory information is recorded manually, often using physical
ledgers or simple spreadsheets.
 This process is time-consuming and requires significant effort from staff
members, diverting their attention from other essential tasks.
2. Basic Reporting Tools with Limited Analytical Capabilities
 The reports generated by the current system provide only basic information,
such as total sales or stock levels.
 There is little to no capacity for advanced analysis, such as identifying trends,
seasonal patterns, or customer behavior.
3. Separate, Non-Integrated Processes for Inventory Management and Customer
Insights
 Sales data is not linked to inventory management, leading to inefficiencies in
stock control. For example, stock-outs or overstocking often occur because
inventory levels are not updated dynamically.
 Customer feedback and purchasing behaviors are not analyzed or incorporated
into the decision-making process. This results in missed opportunities to tailor
marketing efforts or improve customer satisfaction.
Challenges of the Existing System
 Labor-Intensive: Staff members need to dedicate substantial time and effort
to maintain and organize records manually, making the process inefficient.
 Error-Prone: Manual data handling increases the likelihood of inaccuracies,
leading to unreliable insights and potential financial losses.
 Limited Decision Support: The lack of advanced analytical tools and
insights means the business cannot proactively address challenges or
capitalize on opportunities.

7
This system creates significant bottlenecks in operations, reducing overall efficiency and the
ability to adapt to changing business environments. A more robust, data-driven approach is
required to overcome these limitations.

2.3 Disadvantages of Existing System

The current system used by the TV, Sales, New paper presents several limitations that
negatively impact its operational efficiency and decision-making capabilities. These
disadvantages stem from the reliance on traditional, manual processes and basic tools,
making it challenging for the business to adapt to dynamic market demands.
1. Prone to Human Errors
Manual data entry is a fundamental aspect of the existing system, which increases the
likelihood of errors such as:
 Typos during data input.
 Misclassification of sales or inventory data.
 Duplication or omission of records.
2. Time-Consuming
Manually compiling and analyzing data demands significant time from staff members,
particularly during busy periods or at the end of reporting cycles. The absence of automation
means repetitive tasks, such as updating sales records and inventory logs, consume valuable
time that could otherwise be spent on customer service or strategic planning.
3. Limited Insights
The existing system relies on basic reporting tools that provide only surface-level
information. For instance:
 Sales totals might be reported without any breakdown by product category, customer
demographics, or time periods.
4. Static Reports
Reports generated through the current system are static and lack interactivity or adaptability.
This means:
 Decision-makers cannot dynamically explore data to uncover trends or anomalies.
 Key performance indicators (KPIs) are not updated in real-time, leading to outdated.
5. Inefficient Inventory Management
Inventory management operates in isolation from sales data, causing significant inefficiencies
such as:

8
  Overstocking of slow-moving items, leading to unnecessary storage costs or wastage.
 Stock-outs of high-demand items, resulting in lost sales and dissatisfied customers.
Without a direct link between inventory levels and sales trends, the shop struggles to
maintain optimal stock levels, impacting both customer satisfaction and profitability.
2.4 Proposed System
The proposed system for the TV, sales, New paper analysis project adopts a modern, data-
driven approach that leverages Excel and other tools to efficiently manage sales data, analyze
trends, and optimize decision-making. This system focuses on improving the limitations of
the existing manual and static methods through automation, advanced analytics, and dynamic
reporting.
1. Automated Data Entry
 Integration of a Point-of-Sale (POS) system or direct data import into Excel
eliminates the need for manual entry.
 This ensures accurate and timely capture of sales data, reducing errors and improving
efficiency.
2. Data Cleaning and Preprocessing
 Raw sales data is cleaned in Excel to remove duplicates, correct errors, and
standardize formats.
 Techniques such as filtering, conditional formatting, and data validation ensure
consistency and reliability.
3. Dynamic Dashboards
 Using Excel features like slicers, pivot tables, and charts, dynamic dashboards are
created to visualize sales trends and performance metrics.
 These dashboards allow stakeholders to interactively filter data by date, product
category, or region to uncover actionable insights.
4. Advanced Reporting
 Excel’s advanced functionalities, such as Power Query and Power Pivot, are used to
generate comprehensive reports.
 Reports include detailed insights on sales trends, product performance, and customer
segmentation.
5. Integrated Inventory Management
 Sales data is linked to inventory levels using Excel formulas and pivot tables.
 Real-time inventory tracking ensures optimal stock levels, preventing stock-outs.

9
6. Customer Insights Analysis
 Customer demographics and purchasing patterns are analyzed using Excel’s data
analysis tools.
 Segmentation is performed to identify high-value customers, frequent buyers, and
seasonal trends in purchasing behavior.
2.5 Advantages Over Existing System
The proposed system offers a range of improvements over the traditional, manual methods
currently in use. By leveraging modern data analysis tools and automation, the coffee shop
can enhance its efficiency, reduce errors, and gain valuable insights that support better
decision- making. Below is a detailed explanation of the advantages:
1. Accuracy: Automation Reduces the Risk of Human Error
The proposed system minimizes the reliance on manual data entry, which is prone to typos,
duplications, and missing data. Automated data import from POS systems ensures that the
data is accurate and consistent. This leads to more reliable reports and analyses, reducing the
risk of poor decisions based on faulty information.
For example, cleaning and preprocessing data in Excel helps to eliminate duplicates and
standardize records, ensuring the dataset’s integrity for analysis.
2. Efficiency: Faster Data Processing and Analysis Save Time and Resources
The use of automated tools significantly speeds up data handling. Tasks such as compiling
sales records, generating reports, and analyzing trends, which previously required hours or
days, can now be accomplished in minutes.
Excel’s advanced features, such as Power Query, streamline the process of transforming raw
data into usable formats. Dynamic dashboards allow for immediate updates, providing real-
time insights without manual intervention. This frees up employees’ time to focus on
strategic tasks rather than mundane data management.
3. In-Depth Insights: Advanced Reporting Tools Provide Deeper Analysis and Trend
Identification
The proposed system introduces advanced reporting capabilities that go beyond basic
metrics. By utilizing Excel’s pivot tables, charts, and statistical analysis tools, the system
uncovers patterns in sales data, such as:

10
  Seasonal trends in product performance.
 High-value customer segments.
 Best-performing sales periods.
These insights enable the TV Sale ,New paper to better understand its business, optimize
operations, and capitalize on growth opportunities.

4. Dynamic Reporting: Interactive Dashboards Allow for Real-Time Updates and

Exploration of Data
Unlike static reports in the existing system, the proposed system uses dynamic dashboards
built with slicers and interactive charts. These dashboards allow stakeholders to filter and
explore data by parameters such as:
 Date ranges.
 Product categories.
This interactivity enables deeper analysis and immediate answers to specific business
questions, making the system more responsive to managerial needs.
5. Proactive Inventory Management: Integration with Inventory Data Enables Better
Stock Control
By linking sales data with inventory management in Excel, the proposed system provides
real- time updates on stock levels. It enables the coffee shop to:
 Avoid stock-outs of popular items, ensuring customer satisfaction.
 Prevent overstocking of slow-moving products, reducing wastage and storage costs.
This integration ensures that inventory decisions are aligned with actual sales performance,
reducing inefficiencies.
6. Enhanced Decision-Making: Data-Driven Insights Support Strategic Decisions in
Marketing, Inventory, and Operations
With comprehensive and accurate data analysis, the coffee shop gains the ability to make
informed decisions across various aspects of its operations.
 Marketing: Insights into customer preferences and behavior help design targeted
promotions and campaigns.
 Inventory Management: Advanced forecasting enables better stock planning,
reducing costs and increasing profitability.
Data-driven strategies improve overall business performance and competitive positioning.
The proposed system enables the TV, New paper, Sales to delve into customer demographics
and purchasing habits.

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7. Improved Customer Satisfaction: Analyzing Customer Preferences Helps in Tailoring
Offerings to Meet Customer Needs Effectively
 Identifying popular products and seasonal favorites.
 Personalizing promotions for loyal customers or specific customer segments.
Tailored services and offerings enhance the customer experience, driving higher satisfaction
and retention rates

12
 CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM
SPECIFICATION

13
3.1 Hardware Requirement Specification
The hardware requirements for this project are minimal and are focused on ensuring efficient
data handling and visualization capabilities:

1. Computer or Laptop
 Processor: An Intel i5 processor or higher (or an equivalent AMD Ryzen
processor) is essential to handle large datasets and perform data analysis
efficiently. The processor ensures that operations such as pivot table calculations,
data cleaning, and dashboard updates run smoothly without lags.
 RAM: At least 8 GB of RAM is recommended for multitasking and seamless
execution of Excel and Power BI. If working with larger datasets or multiple tools
simultaneously, 16 GB RAM is preferred for optimal performance.
 Storage: A minimum of 256 GB SSD is required to store datasets, project files,
and backup versions. SSDs also offer faster read/write speeds compared to
traditional HDDs, improving system responsiveness when loading and processing
data.
2. Monitor
 A high-resolution monitor with 1080p (Full HD) or higher resolution is suggested
to display data visualizations, charts, and dashboards clearly.
 A larger screen size (21 inches or more) is beneficial for better visualization of
complex dashboards and analysis windows. It also helps reduce strain during
extended work sessions.
3. Point-of-Sale (POS) System (Optional)
 For businesses integrating real-time sales data, a POS system capable of exporting
data in a digital format (e.g., CSV or Excel) is recommended. This ensures
accurate and efficient data collection for analysis without manual data entry.
 POS systems can include features such as barcode scanning, sales tracking, and
inventory linkage for seamless operations.

4. Peripheral Devices
 Keyboard and Mouse: Essential for data entry, navigation, and designing reports.
Ergonomic devices are recommended for long hours of work.

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  Printer (Optional): While not mandatory, a printer can be useful for generating
hard copies of reports, charts, and summaries for meetings or presentations. High-
quality color printers are preferable for visual data presentations.
5. Backup and Storage Devices (Optional)
 External Hard Drive: To maintain backups of project files and datasets.
 Cloud Storage Solutions: For easy sharing and secure storage of files among
team members or stakeholders.

Additional Considerations
 Internet Connectivity: Stable internet is required for accessing online resources,
updating software, or integrating cloud-based dashboards.
 Power Backup: An uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is recommended to prevent
data loss during power outages.
 Data Security: Implementing robust data security measures is essential to protect
sensitive sales and customer information. This includes using password-protected
systems and ensuring proper access control to safeguard data against unauthorized
access or breaches.
 System Upgradability: Ensuring that the system's hardware and software
components are easily upgradable is crucial to accommodate future needs, such as
handling larger datasets, integrating additional analytics tools, or adopting newer
technologies for enhanced performance.

The hardware requirements outlined provide a strong foundation for conducting data analysis,
visualization, and reporting effectively. By leveraging these specifications, the coffee shop
sales analysis project can be executed efficiently, ensuring that all tasks, from processing
large datasets to presenting results visually, are completed without technical limitations.

15
3.2 Software Requirement Specification
The software tools used in the TV, Sales, New paper analysis project are critical for the
seamless execution of data analysis, visualization, and reporting. Below is an expanded
description of each software component:
1. Microsoft Excel
 Role: Excel serves as the core tool for data analysis, cleaning, and visualization
throughout the project.
 Key Features:
 Pivot Tables: Used for summarizing and analyzing large datasets, pivot tables
allow for quick grouping and aggregation of sales data based on various
dimensions such as product type, time period, or customer segment.
 Charts: Excel’s charting capabilities, including bar charts, line graphs, and pie
charts, help visualize trends, product performance, and sales growth.
 Slicers: Slicers enable interactive filtering of data within pivot tables and charts,
allowing users to dynamically explore data by different categories such as date
range or product type.
 Power Query: An essential tool for data cleaning and preprocessing, Power
Query allows for advanced data transformation, such as filtering, merging, and
removing duplicates, ensuring that the data used for analysis is accurate and
consistent.
 Version: Microsoft Excel 2016 or later is required, or Microsoft 365, which ensures
access to the latest features, including cloud integration and automatic updates.
2. Microsoft Power BI (Optional)
 Role: Power BI enhances the data analysis project by providing advanced visualization
and dashboard capabilities, which Excel may not fully support.
 Key Features:
 Interactive Dashboards: Power BI allows the creation of dynamic dashboards that
offer real-time updates and enable stakeholders to explore data by filtering and drilling
down into various dimensions (e.g., time, region, product category).
 Advanced Visualizations: In addition to standard charts, Power BI provides more
complex visualizations, such as heat maps, geographic maps, and custom visuals,
which offer deeper insights into sales trends and customer behavior.

16
  Data Integration: Power BI can integrate data from multiple sources, such as Excel,
SQL databases, and external APIs, creating a comprehensive view of business
performance.
3. Operating System
 Windows 10 or Later: This is the preferred operating system for running Microsoft
Excel, Power BI, and other data analysis tools. Windows provides seamless
compatibility with both Excel and Power BI, ensuring that the software functions
efficiently.
 macOS: While Excel is available on macOS, Power BI is not natively supported on
macOS. If macOS is used, users may need to use virtualization or cloud-based
services (such as Power BI online) to access Power BI features.
4. Database Tool (Optional)
 SQL Database: If the project integrates with external data sources or requires
complex querying, an SQL database can be used to store and manage the sales data.
SQL queries can be used to extract and analyze specific subsets of data, which can
then be imported into Excel or Power BI for further processing.
5. Additional Tools
 Web Browser: A modern web browser (e.g., Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge) is
required to access online resources, cloud storage, and Power BI service (for cloud-
based dashboards and reports). It is also useful for gathering information from
external sources or collaborating with other team members via cloud platforms like
OneDrive or SharePoint.
 Antivirus Software: Essential for ensuring the security of the system and protecting
against cyber threats. The use of reputable antivirus software helps to safeguard
sensitive business data, including sales records and customer information, from
viruses, malware, and unauthorized access.

The software requirements outlined above provide a robust foundation for the successful
execution of the coffee shop sales analysis project. Microsoft Excel, with its comprehensive
data manipulation and visualization tools, serves as the primary software for analysis.
Microsoft Power BI (optional) offers more advanced visualization and reporting capabilities,
while the operating system and additional tools ensure seamless integration and smooth
operation. These software tools enable the New paper, TV, Sales to analyze its sales data,
gain valuable insights, and make informed decisions to improve business performance.

17
CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM
DESIGN

18
4.1 System Architecture
The system is divided into several key components that facilitate the collection, processing,
analysis, visualization, and reporting of coffee shop sales data. The architecture is designed to
ensure that each layer efficiently handles specific tasks, allowing for seamless data flow and
decision-making.
Key Components of the System Architecture:
1. Data Input Layer
 Sales Data (POS System):The Point-of-Sale (POS) system captures every
transaction made at the coffee shop, including details like product name, quantity
sold, price, time of sale, and transaction number. This data is automatically exported
into a file format like CSV or Excel, which can be directly imported into Excel or
Power BI for further processing.
 Real-Time Data: The data from the POS system is automatically updated in
real-time, ensuring that the system is always working with the most current
sales figures.
 Customer Data (Optional):If available, customer demographic data (e.g., age,
gender, location) and feedback data (e.g., customer surveys, loyalty program data)
can be integrated into the system. This data helps to create customer segments and
identify patterns in customer behavior.
 External Sources: Customer data may also come from external sources such
as loyalty programs, customer surveys, or third-party integrations (e.g., email
marketing platforms).
2. Data Processing Layer
 Data Cleaning:Once data is imported, it is cleaned to remove any inconsistencies or
errors. Excel’s Power Query tool is used for automating this process. Power Query
helps to:
 Remove duplicates.
 Correct errors (e.g., misspelled product names or missing values).
 Standardize data formats (e.g., ensuring dates are in the same format). This
ensures that the data is ready for reliable analysis.
 Data Transformation:After cleaning, the data is transformed into a more structured
and usable format. This step involves:

19
  Organizing the data into tables and categories (e.g., by product type, customer
group, or sales channel).
 Consolidating information for easier comparison and reporting.
 Aggregating data at different levels (e.g., by daily, weekly, monthly sales).
 Power Query is also used here to merge datasets and combine sales data with
customer insights.
 Data Storage:The processed data is stored in Excel worksheets or external databases
(if required). In Excel, data can be stored in structured tables that are easy to query
and update. For larger datasets or more complex operations, an SQL database may
be used to handle data storage and retrieval. This ensures that the data remains
organized and easily accessible for future analysis.
3. Analysis Layer
 Sales Analysis:The core of the system is the sales analysis module, which identifies
key trends and patterns in the sales data. Tools like pivot tables, charts, and slicers
in Excel help to:
 Identify sales growth over different time periods (daily, weekly, monthly).
 Highlight best-selling products to understand which items are driving revenue.
 Analyze sales by product category to identify trends in customer preferences.
 Track peak sales periods, helping to plan inventory and marketing strategies.
 Customer Insights:Analyzing customer behavior is crucial to tailoring offerings and
marketing campaigns. This module segments customers based on their purchasing
patterns and demographics (e.g., frequent buyers, high-spending customers, etc.). The
insights allow businesses to:
 Develop targeted marketing campaigns.
 Offer personalized promotions or loyalty rewards.
 Understand customer preferences and tailor product offerings.
 Predictive Analysis:Using historical sales data, the system can forecast future sales
trends and customer demand. Predictive analysis helps to:
 Estimate future sales volumes based on past trends.
 Anticipate seasonal fluctuations or spikes in demand (e.g., holidays, special
events).
 Aid in inventory forecasting, helping to stock the right amount of products
without overstocking or understocking.

20
 4. Visualization Layer
 Excel Dashboards:Dashboards created in Excel allow users to track key
performance indicators (KPIs) like total sales, sales by product, customer
segments, and more. These dashboards provide an interactive and visually appealing
way to monitor business performance. Features like slicers and charts allow users to
filter and explore data dynamically, providing real-time insights into the sales
process.
 Power BI Dashboards (Optional):Power BI provides even more advanced
visualization capabilities. The system can generate interactive dashboards with
advanced charts, maps, and visual representations of data trends. Power BI allows
stakeholders to explore data in real-time and share insights collaboratively, making it
an ideal tool for high-level reporting and decision-making.
 Real-Time Updates: Power BI dashboards update automatically as new data
is imported, providing stakeholders with up-to-date information.
 Advanced Visualizations: These include heat maps, geographic maps, and
time-series graphs that enhance data interpretation.
5. Reporting Layer
 Automated Reports:Excel’s reporting tools generate comprehensive, automated
reports that summarize key findings and insights. These reports can be customized to
include charts, tables, and key performance metrics. Reports may include:
 Sales summaries for specific periods.
 Customer behavior analysis.
 Inventory status reports to guide stock management. These reports can be
distributed to stakeholders such as management, marketing, and inventory
teams to help make informed decisions.
 Power BI Reports (Optional):Power BI allows for more interactive and detailed
reports that can be customized based on user needs. These reports can be accessed
and shared online, ensuring that stakeholders always have access to the latest data.

System Flow
The following outlines the flow of data through the various layers of the system:
1. Data Input:
 Sales data from POS system → Imported into Excel or Power BI.
21
  Customer data (optional) → Gathered from surveys or external sources →
Imported into Excel.
2. Data Processing:
 Data cleaning using Power Query → Errors removed, duplicates cleaned, and
data standardized.
 Data transformation → Organize, merge, and aggregate the data into tables.
3. Data Analysis:
 Sales analysis using pivot tables → Identifying trends and KPIs.
 Customer analysis → Segmentation based on behavior and demographics.
 Predictive analysis → Forecasting sales and demand.
4. Visualization:
 Create interactive Excel dashboards → Track KPIs and visualize trends.
 Power BI (optional) → Advanced visualizations and real-time reporting.
5. Reporting:
 Automated reports in Excel → Summary reports on sales and customer insights.
 Interactive Power BI reports (optional) → Shareable with stakeholders.

The system architecture and module flow of the TV New paper sales analysis system are
designed to efficiently collect, process, analyze, and visualize sales data. By using Excel and
Power BI, the system ensures that insights are easily accessible, allowing decision-makers to
optimize marketing strategies, inventory management, and overall business performance.

22
4.1.1 System architecture of sales analysis

23
4.2 Modules Flow Diagrams – Detailed Breakdown
The TV ,Sales, New paper analysis system is divided into several modules, each of which
serves a distinct purpose in transforming raw data into meaningful insights. The data flows
through each module, being processed and analyzed at each stage to create interactive
dashboards, predictive insights, and detailed reports. Below is an elaboration of each module
and how they work together:

1. Data Input Module

Purpose: This module is responsible for collecting and importing sales data and customer
feedback into the system.
 POS System → Data Collection → Excel ImportThe POS system (Point-of-Sale
system) records all transactions, including sales, product details, and transaction
information in real time. This data is exported in CSV or Excel format.
 Sales Data: Product name, quantity sold, price, total sale amount, time of sale,
etc.
 The data collection stage gathers this raw sales data into a structured file (CSV
or Excel), which can then be imported into Excel or Power BI for processing
and analysis.
 Customer Feedback (optional) → Excel ImportIn addition to transaction data, the
system may also collect customer feedback (optional). This could be through surveys,
loyalty programs, or other feedback collection methods.
 This data is then imported into Excel, allowing integration with sales data to
analyze customer behavior, preferences, and satisfaction.

2. Data Processing Module

Purpose: This module is dedicated to ensuring that the raw data collected from the POS
system and customer feedback is clean, transformed, and ready for analysis.
 Data Cleaning → Power Query → Processed Data (Excel)The raw sales and
customer data often contain inconsistencies or errors (e.g., typos, missing values, or
duplicates).
 Data Cleaning involves identifying and rectifying these errors, such as
correcting product names, filling missing data, and removing duplicates.

24
  Excel's Power Query tool automates this cleaning process by applying
standardization rules and transforming the data into a consistent format.
 The cleaned data is then stored as processed data in Excel, ready for analysis.
 Data Transformation → Excel TablesOnce the data is cleaned, it may need to be
transformed into a more structured or usable format.
 Data Transformation involves organizing data into tables, grouping by relevant
categories (e.g., by product, sales region, or time period), and creating
relationships between tables for more complex analysis.
 After transformation, the data is stored in Excel tables, making it easy to
manipulate and analyze with Excel’s functions.

3. Analysis Module
Purpose: The Analysis Module processes the cleaned and transformed data, providing
insights into sales trends, customer behavior, and predictive analytics.
 Sales Analysis → Pivot Tables → Sales Trends AnalysisIn this step, the system
conducts Sales Analysis using pivot tables in Excel. Pivot tables summarize data by
aggregating sales data by different dimensions (e.g., by product, by time, by region).
 Sales Trends Analysis identifies key trends, such as peak sales periods, high-
performing products, and seasonal variations in sales.
 Customer Insights → Segmentation Analysis → Customer Behavior InsightsThe
system also segments customers based on their purchasing behavior and
demographics. This is known as Segmentation Analysis.
 Customer insights help identify high-value customers, frequent buyers, and product
preferences.
 The analysis can lead to insights such as which customer segments are most
profitable or which marketing strategies have the highest conversion rates.
 Predictive Analysis → Sales Forecasting ModelsUsing historical sales data, the
system can run Predictive Analysis to forecast future sales trends.
 Sales Forecasting Models predict demand for certain products based on past sales
data and seasonal patterns. This helps the business make informed decisions about
inventory management, staffing, and promotions.

25
4. Visualization Module
Purpose: This module creates visual representations of the analyzed data, making it easier for
stakeholders to interpret and make decisions based on the insights.
 Excel Dashboards → Interactive Dashboards → Real-Time Sales
MonitoringExcel dashboards are created to display key metrics, including total sales,
sales by product, customer behavior trends, and other KPIs.
 Interactive Dashboards allow users to filter and drill down into the data,
exploring different time periods, regions, or product categories.
 Real-Time Sales Monitoring ensures that the dashboards are updated
automatically whenever new data is imported or processed, providing up-to-date
insights.
 Power BI Dashboards (optional) → Interactive Reports → Data Visualization for
Stakeholders
Power BI Dashboards offer more advanced visualizations, with interactive reports
and dynamic charts.
 These dashboards provide deeper insights into sales performance, customer trends,
and more complex visual representations like heatmaps and geographic maps.
 The interactive reports are useful for stakeholders to collaborate and explore the
data from various perspectives.

5. Reporting Module
Purpose: This module generates and shares automated reports with stakeholders to provide
actionable insights based on the analyzed data.
 Automated Report Generation → Excel Reports → Sales Summary & Insights
Using Excel's reporting tools, Automated Reports are generated that summarize the
findings from the analysis.
 These reports may include sales summaries, product performance, and customer
insights. They are designed to present key information clearly and concisely to
stakeholders such as management, marketing, and inventory teams.
 Power BI Reports (optional) → Custom Reports → Stakeholder Sharing
In Power BI, Custom Reports can be generated, allowing for more detailed and
interactive insights. These reports can be shared with stakeholders for real-time data
access and decision-making.

26
Flow Diagram Example:
[POS System] --> [Data Collection (CSV/Excel)] --> [Excel Import]
|
[Customer Data (optional)]
|
[Data Cleaning] --> [Power Query] --> [Processed Data (Excel)]
|
[Data Analysis] --> [Sales & Customer Insights]
|
[Pivot Tables & Charts] --> [Sales Trends] --> [Dashboards (Excel)]
|
[Power BI (optional)] --> [Advanced Dashboards] --> [Interactive Reports]
|
[Automated Reports] --> [Excel/Power BI Reports] --> [Sharing with Stakeholders]

4.2.1 Flow diagram of analysis

27
 4.2.2 Analysation Chart

Each module in the TV , sales, New paper analysis system plays a critical role in
transforming raw data into meaningful insights. Data flows smoothly through the modules
from collection to reporting, with each module focusing on specific tasks like data cleaning,
analysis, visualization, and reporting. This ensures that the TV, New paper, sales can make
data-driven decisions to optimize sales, marketing, and inventory management strategies. The
modular flow structure allows for flexibility and scalability, accommodating future growth
and additional data sources.

28
 CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS

29
5.1 Introduction
The Implementation and Results section of the TV, sales, New paper analysis system
details the practical execution of the system, from the initial data collection to the final
reporting phase. The goal of this system is to automate, streamline, and optimize the process
of managing coffee shop sales data, transforming raw transactional data into actionable
business insights. The system’s implementation incorporates data collection, data cleaning,
processing, analysis, visualization, and reporting, leveraging the capabilities of Excel and
Power BI.
The essence of the system is to replace traditional manual processes with an automated, real-
time analysis platform. In the past, data collection and reporting were largely done manually,
consuming significant time and resources. With this new system, tasks such as compiling
sales data, creating reports, and performing trend analysis are automated, allowing staff to
focus on high-value tasks like customer service and decision-making. The use of Excel as a
primary tool for data processing and Power BI for advanced reporting and visualization
ensures that the system is both powerful and user-friendly, providing managers and
stakeholders with easy access to key insights at all times.

Key Objectives of the System:

 Automation of Data Handling
 Real-Time Analysis and Reporting
 Actionable Insights
 Data-Driven Decision

This section also explores how the implementation of this system not only meets the
objectives but also addresses real-world challenges such as inefficient manual data handling,
lack of timely insights, and ineffective decision-making processes. By automating key
functions and offering powerful data visualizations, the system empowers coffee shop
managers to respond faster to trends, optimize operations, and provide a better customer
experience.
5.2 Implementation of Key Functions
The implementation of the coffee shop sales analysis system involves a series of key
functions that integrate data collection, cleaning, analysis, visualization, and forecasting.
Each of these functions is designed to help the coffee shop streamline its operations,
30
improve decision-

31
making, and increase overall profitability. Below is an elaboration on each of these key
functions:
1. Data Collection
The first and foremost function in the system is data collection, which forms the foundation
for all subsequent analysis and reporting. The coffee shop’s sales data is collected
automatically from the Point-of-Sale (POS) system. This system records transaction details
such as:
 Product Name: Identifies the specific items purchased by customers.
 Quantity Sold: The number of units sold per transaction.
 Price per Item: The price at which each item is sold.
 Transaction Time and Date: When the sale occurred, providing insight into time-
based trends.
 Automatic Export to CSV/Excel:Sales data from the POS system is automatically
exported to CSV or Excel format, making it easy to import and work with in the
analysis phase. The export can be done in real-time, ensuring that the data is always
up- to-date.
 Customer Feedback (Optional):In addition to sales data, customer feedback (if
available) can be integrated into the system. This data can come from:
 Surveys: Online or paper surveys filled out by customers regarding their
experience.
2. Data Cleaning and Preprocessing
Before any meaningful analysis can be performed, the raw data needs to be cleaned and
preprocessed. This ensures that the data is accurate, consistent, and in a usable format.
 Power Query in Excel:Power Query is a powerful tool in Excel that automates data
cleaning and transformation. Key functions in this step include:
 Removing Duplicates: Ensures that there are no repeated transactions or
records in the dataset.
 Correcting Errors: Automatically identifies and corrects errors in the data
(e.g., misspelled product names, inconsistent formats, or missing values).
 Standardizing Data: Ensures that data formats are consistent across the
dataset. For example, date formats, currency symbols, and product names are
standardized for better analysis.

32
3. Data Analysis
Once the data is cleaned and preprocessed, it is ready for analysis. The goal here is to
uncover actionable insights that can drive business decisions, such as optimizing sales
strategies, inventory management, and customer engagement.
 Pivot Tables and Charts in Excel:Pivot tables and charts are central to the data
analysis process in Excel. These tools allow for easy summarization and visualization
of large datasets. Key analytical tasks include:
 Sales Analysis: Using pivot tables, the system can quickly summarize sales data
by different dimensions (e.g., total sales by product, by time period, by region).
 Trend Identification: By grouping and sorting the data, the system identifies
trends such as peak sales periods (e.g., certain days of the week or seasons),
product performance (which products are selling best), and overall growth (how
sales are increasing or decreasing over time).
 Customer Insights and Segmentation:Customer data is analyzed to create segments
based on purchasing behavior. This could include:
 Frequent Customers: Customers who regularly visit the coffee shop and make
repeat purchases.
 High-Value Customers: Customers who spend more per transaction, providing
valuable insights into how to target this group for loyalty programs or promotions.
 Customer Preferences: Identifying which products or services are most popular
among different customer segments helps to tailor marketing efforts and improve
the product offering.
4. Visualization and Reporting
After the data analysis is performed, the insights need to be communicated effectively to
stakeholders. Visualization plays a key role in presenting the findings in a clear and
actionable way.
 Excel Dashboards:Interactive dashboards in Excel are used to display key metrics in a
visually appealing and easy-to-understand format. These dashboards might include:
 Sales Performance: Graphs or charts that track total sales, sales by product, or
sales by region.
 Customer Behavior: Pie charts or bar graphs showing customer segmentation
(e.g., by demographics or frequency of purchase).
 Product Performance: Bar charts that highlight the best-selling products.

33
  Power BI Dashboards (Optional):For more advanced visualizations, Power BI is used
to create interactive and dynamic reports. Power BI allows for:
 Advanced Visualizations: These include heatmaps, geo-maps, time-series charts,
and more, offering deeper insights into the data.
 Interactive Reports: Stakeholders can interact with the dashboards, drilling down
into specific product categories, regions, or customer segments.
 Sharing and Collaboration: Power BI reports can be shared with multiple users,
enabling collaborative decision-making.
5. Forecasting
Predictive analysis helps the coffee shop prepare for future demand and trends, which is
crucial for inventory management and marketing strategies.
 Sales Forecasting Models:Using historical sales data, the system generates forecasts
for future sales. This is done by applying time-series forecasting models that predict
sales trends based on patterns observed in the past. These models can help the coffee
shop plan for:
 Seasonal Demand: Understanding when certain products are likely to
experience increased demand.
 Inventory Management: Predicting which products need to be stocked in
higher quantities to avoid stockouts or overstocking.
 Marketing Campaigns: Predicting customer demand for promotions or special
offers, helping the coffee shop plan marketing strategies effectively.

The implementation of the TV, New paper, sales analysis system involves the integration of
several key functions, each of which contributes to the overall goal of transforming raw data
into actionable insights. From data collection to preprocessing, analysis, visualization, and
forecasting, the system uses tools like Excel and Power BI to automate processes, improve
accuracy, and provide real-time insights. This enables the coffee shop to make data-driven
decisions that enhance operational efficiency, improve customer satisfaction, and boost
profitability.
5.3 Method of Implementation

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
34
import os
import statsmodels.formula.api as sm
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression, Ridge, Lasso, ElasticNet
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error, r2_score
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
import warnings

df = pd.read_csv("/content/Advertising.csv")
df.info()
sns.pairplot(df, x_vars=["TV", "Radio", "Newspaper"], y_vars="Sales", kind="reg")

df.hist(bins=20)
sns.lmplot(x='TV', y='Sales', data=df)
sns.lmplot(x='Radio', y='Sales', data=df)
sns.lmplot(x='Newspaper',y= 'Sales', data=df)
corrmat = df.corr()
f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 9))
sns.heatmap(corrmat, vmin=0, vmax=1, square=True, cmap="YlGnBu", ax=ax)
plt.show()
X = df.drop('Sales', axis=1)
y = df[["Sales"]]

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.20, random_state=46)

lin_model = sm.ols(formula="Sales ~ TV + Radio + Newspaper", data=df).fit()
print(lin_model.params, "\n")
print(lin_model.summary())
results = []
names = []
models = [('LinearRegression', LinearRegression())]
for name, model in models:
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)

35
 result = np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred))
results.append(result)
names.append(name)
msg = "%s: %f" % (name, result)
print(msg)

new_data = pd.DataFrame({'TV': [100], 'Radio': [50], 'Newspaper': [25]})

predicted_sales = lin_model.predict(new_data)
print("Predicted Sales:", predicted_sales)

new_data = pd.DataFrame({'TV': [25], 'Radio': [63], 'Newspaper': [80]})

predicted_sales = lin_model.predict(new_data)
print("Predicted Sales:", predicted_sales)

5.4 Output Screens and Result Analysis

36
 Excel

37
38
39
 CHAPTER 6
TESTING AND VALIDATION

40
6.1 Introduction
Testing and validation are fundamental aspects of any system development lifecycle,
ensuring that the system performs as expected and delivers accurate, reliable, and actionable
results. For the TV, New paper, sales analysis system, the objective of testing and validation
is to confirm that the system meets both the technical requirements (correct data processing,
accurate analysis, and smooth operation) and business goals (providing insights that support
better decision-making and business growth).
The coffee shop sales analysis system is designed to automate the collection, cleaning,
transformation, analysis, and reporting of sales data. It uses tools like Excel for data
processing and Power BI for advanced visualizations. This system helps the TV, New paper
optimize sales, forecast demand, improve customer engagement, and make data-driven
decisions.
Testing is conducted to ensure that each module and function works correctly and
consistently. Testing helps detect and resolve issues such as errors in calculations,
inaccuracies in data imports, and potential system failures. It ensures that the system is free of
bugs or defects that could compromise its reliability or usability.
Validation, on the other hand, is the process of confirming that the system delivers
value to the coffee shop and that the features implemented align with business objectives.
Validation goes beyond checking if the system works as expected; it focuses on ensuring that
the system contributes to achieving business goals, such as improving operational efficiency,
enhancing customer insights, and generating accurate reports.
The validation process involves:
 Functional Validation: Confirming that all features of the system are working as
intended—data is correctly imported, cleaned, analyzed, and visualized.
 Non-Functional Validation: Ensuring the system performs efficiently under real-
world conditions, including handling large datasets and ensuring that dashboards and
reports load quickly without errors.
 Business Validation: Ensuring that the system meets the specific business needs of
the coffee shop, such as providing actionable insights into sales performance and
customer behavior.
6.2 Design of Test Cases and Scenarios
The design of test cases and scenarios is an important step in identifying potential issues and
ensuring the system meets its functional and non-functional requirements. Test cases are

41
developed for different components of the system, including data collection, data processing,
analysis, visualization, and reporting.

Key Areas Tested:

1. Data Import and Integration:
 Test Case 1: Import sales data from the POS system (CSV or Excel file) into
Excel using the "Get Data" function.
 Expected Result: Sales data should be correctly imported without errors or
omissions.
 Test Case 2: Import customer feedback data from external surveys or loyalty
programs into Excel.
 Expected Result: The feedback data should integrate correctly with the sales
data, allowing for comprehensive analysis.

2. Data Cleaning and Preprocessing:

 Test Case 3: Check for duplicate entries in the sales data.
 Expected Result: All duplicates should be removed automatically by Power
Query.
 Test Case 4: Verify that data formats (e.g., date, product names) are
standardized across the dataset.
 Expected Result: Data should be consistent and standardized, with no errors
or formatting issues.

3. Data Analysis and Reporting:

 Test Case 5: Test the creation of pivot tables to summarize sales data by
product, time, and region.
 Expected Result: Pivot tables should correctly summarize the data, with the
ability to filter and drill down by various dimensions.
 Test Case 6: Check the accuracy of sales trend analysis using line charts and bar
graphs.
 Expected Result: The charts should accurately reflect sales trends over time,
without discrepancies.

42
  Test Case 7: Test the accuracy of formulas (SUMIFS, VLOOKUP, etc.) used in
the analysis.
 Expected Result: Formulas should return the correct results, e.g., total sales
for a product or customer segmentation by purchase behavior.

4. Visualization:
 Test Case 8: Test the interactive Excel dashboards to ensure data can be filtered
by date, product, and region.
 Expected Result: Dashboards should update automatically based on user
input and provide the expected visual results.
 Test Case 9: Test Power BI visualizations (e.g., sales trend analysis, customer
segmentation, geographic maps).
 Expected Result: Power BI should display accurate visualizations, with the
ability to drill down into data for detailed analysis.

5. Predictive Analysis:
 Test Case 10: Test the predictive model for forecasting future sales using
historical data.
 Expected Result: The forecasting model should provide accurate sales
predictions for future months based on past trends.

6. Reporting:
 Test Case 11: Test the automated report generation in both Excel and Power BI.
 Expected Result: Reports should summarize key metrics (e.g., top-selling
products, customer insights) and be easily shareable with stakeholders.

43
6.3 Validation
Validation ensures that the system meets its intended purpose and functions as required. The
process includes both functional and non-functional validation to confirm that the system
delivers accurate and reliable results in line with business objectives.

Functional Validation:Functional validation focuses on testing if the system behaves as

expected and meets all functional requirements. This includes ensuring that:
 Data Integration: Sales data from the POS system is correctly imported, cleaned, and
transformed for analysis.
 Accurate Analysis: Pivot tables, charts, and reports provide correct summaries and
insights based on the data.
 Real-Time Updates: Dashboards and reports are updated in real-time with the latest
available data.

Non-Functional Validation:Non-functional validation assesses the system’s performance,

usability, and scalability. This includes:
 Performance Testing: Verifying that the system performs efficiently, even with large
datasets, and does not experience delays or crashes when generating reports or
visualizations.
 Usability Testing: Ensuring that the dashboards and reports are easy to navigate, with
a user-friendly interface and intuitive filters.
 Scalability: Ensuring that the system can scale to handle more data as the coffee shop
grows, such as additional product categories, multiple store locations, or higher
transaction volumes.

Business Validation:Business validation focuses on ensuring the system meets the coffee
shop's needs and objectives. This is done through:
 Stakeholder Feedback: Obtaining feedback from coffee shop managers, staff, and
other stakeholders to ensure the system delivers the insights they need for decision-
making.
 Meeting Business Goals: Verifying that the system provides value in terms of sales
optimization, inventory management, customer insights, and forecasting.

44
 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

45
7.1 Conclusion
The implementation of the TV, New paper,Sales Analysis System has proven to be a
highly effective solution for automating and optimizing key aspects of the coffee shop's
operations. By integrating data collection, cleaning, processing, analysis, visualization,
and reporting, the system has successfully transformed raw sales and customer data into
actionable insights that enable data-driven decision-making. The use of Excel and Power BI
has streamlined the entire process, ensuring that data is processed in real-time, easily
accessible, and interpretable for the stakeholders.
Through automated data import, advanced data cleaning techniques (using Power
Query), and robust data analysis methods (such as pivot tables and predictive models), the
system provides a comprehensive view of the TV, New paper, sales performance, customer
behavior, and inventory trends. By offering insights into best-selling products, peak sales
periods, and customer segmentation, the system helps the sales optimize inventory
management, marketing strategies, and customer engagement.
The integration of predictive analysis for sales forecasting ensures that the sales can
plan ahead for seasonal demand and avoid stock-outs or overstocking. The real-time
dashboards and interactive reports provide a dynamic way for the management team to
make informed decisions swiftly, thus enhancing operational efficiency and enabling
proactive decision-making.
Moreover, the system's ability to improve customer insights allows for targeted
marketing efforts, increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty. By understanding purchasing
patterns and preferences, the TV, New paper , sales can tailor promotions and optimize its
offerings to match customer needs.
Overall, the project has met its objectives by automating complex processes,
improving data accuracy, and providing the TV, New paper, sales with the tools needed to stay
competitive in a data-driven world. The system not only enhances business operations but
also provides a foundation for sustainable growth, helping the TV, New paper, sales adapt
to changing market conditions and customer demands. This system is a crucial step toward
building a more efficient, customer-focused, and profitable coffee shop business.

46
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