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Hydro

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3 views4 pages

Hydro

Uploaded by

jaythenion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Evaporation Pan

An evaporation pan is a shallow, circular metal container filled with water, designed to measure
the rate of evaporation from a free water surface. It is primarily used in hydrology and
agriculture to estimate water loss in reservoirs, predict irrigation requirements, and assess local
climatic conditions. The data collected helps in understanding water availability and planning
efficient water resource management.

How it works:

1.​ Water is exposed to natural atmospheric conditions such as sunlight, wind, and
temperature.
2.​ The water level decreases over time due to evaporation.
3.​ The decrease in water level is recorded, often using a hook gauge or other measuring
device.
4.​ The evaporation rate is calculated based on the recorded data.

Mercury and Alcohol Thermometer


Mercury Thermometer​
A mercury thermometer is a reliable tool that measures temperature with high accuracy. It is
made of glass with a narrow tube containing shiny silver mercury and is commonly used in
laboratories, medical settings, and industries for precise temperature measurements. The data
collected helps ensure accurate monitoring and control of temperature in various applications.

Alcohol Thermometer​
An alcohol thermometer is a safer, non-toxic alternative that measures temperature using
colored alcohol. It features a glass tube filled with brightly colored alcohol (red, blue, or green)
and is ideal for extremely cold environments. It is commonly used in meteorology, refrigeration,
and educational settings. The data collected helps monitor temperature safely in colder
climates.

How it works:

●​ The liquid inside the glass tube (mercury or colored alcohol) expands when the
temperature rises and moves up the tube.
●​ When the temperature cools, the liquid contracts and moves down the tube.
●​ The position of the liquid on the scale indicates the temperature.

WET AND DRY BULB PSYCHROMETER


-A wet and dry bulb psychrometer is an instrument used to measure humidity, consisting of
two thermometers: one with a dry bulb that measures air temperature and another with a wet
bulb, which cools as water evaporates, allowing the difference in their readings to determine the
air's relative humidity.
-The wet and dry bulb psychrometer is used to measure relative humidity in various fields,
including meteorology, HVAC systems, agriculture, and industrial processes, to monitor air
moisture levels and ensure optimal environmental conditions.
How It Works:

●​ Dry Bulb Temperature: The dry bulb thermometer records the ambient air temperature.
●​ Wet Bulb Temperature: The wet bulb thermometer is wrapped in a wet cloth. As water
evaporates from the cloth, it cools the thermometer. The more moisture that evaporates,
the lower the wet bulb temperature will be. The rate of evaporation depends on the
amount of moisture in the air.
○​ In dry air, the evaporation rate is higher, so the wet bulb temperature will be
much lower than the dry bulb temperature.
○​ In humid air, the evaporation rate is lower, meaning the wet bulb temperature
will be closer to the dry bulb temperature.

Tipping Bucket
Rain Gauge

Tipping bucket type rain


gauge is a device used to
measure precipitation,
specifically rainfall. It is a
commonly used instrument
in meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, and environmental monitoring fields.

How they work

1.​ When it is raining, water will fall into the funnel located at the top of the rain
gauge.
2.​ The funnel will direct the water into the top of the two tipping buckets.
3.​ The tipping bucket will have a water limit defined by the manufacturer or
operator. Once the collected water reaches the predefined limit, the bucket will tip
and hit the calibration/stop screw.
4.​ As this happens, the second bucket is lifted and starts to fill. The process of filling
and tipping will continue as it rains.
5.​ As the buckets pivot and hit the stop/calibration screws, a switch is activated, and
the rain information recorded electronically. The device will count the number of
times the switch is triggered, and because it already knows how much rain is
needed to fill each bucket, the sensor calculates and displays the correct amount
of precipitation.

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