ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

HARI KRISHNA V
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

ELECTROSTATIC
POTENTIAL AND
CAPACITORS
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
EQUIPOTENTIAL, ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND
POTENTIAL ENERGY
1. Electric lines of force always leave an equipotential surface
1) At any angle to the surface 2) Parallel to the surface
3) Perpendicular to the surface 4) none

Solution:

Equipotential surface is always perpendicular to the surface

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
2. A unit charge is taken from one point to another over an equipotential
surface, then
1) Work is done on the charge

2) Work is done by the charge

3) Work on the charge is constant

4) No work is done

Solution:

The potential difference along equipotential surface is zero. So work

done is zero.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
3. Inside a hollow spherical conductor, the potential
1) is constant
2) varies directly as the distance from the centre
3) varies inversely as the distance from the centre
4) varies inversely as the square of the distance from the centre.

Solution:

Inside a hollow spherical conductor the dielectric field is zero.

Hence potential is constant
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
4. Choose the correct statement
1) An electron at a higher potential has lower potential energy
2) An electron at a lower potential has lower potential energy
3) An electron moves from higher to lower potential
4) None of the above
Solution:

The potential energy of a charged particle in an external field is qV.

Electron at higher potential has higher potential has higher potential
energy and at lower potential lower potential energy.
Electron moves in a direction opposite to the field i.e lower to
higher potential.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
5. Choose the correct statement
1) A zero potential point is always a zero electric intensity point
2) A zero electric intensity point is always a zero potential point
3) At a point of zero electric intensity electric potential may not
be zero
4) all the above
Solution:
A zero potential point may not be zero field point (ex: If charge q, -q
+q and –q are placed at the four corners of square E 0 but V = 0) A
zero field point may not be zero potential point (Ex: Hollow charged
conducting spherical shell).
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
6. When the separation between two charges is increased, the electric
potential energy of the charges
1) increases 2) decreases
3) Remains the same 4) May increase or decrease

Solution:
Kq1q2
U=
r1−r𝟐
So if separation increases U may decreases are increases depending on
nature of charges.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
7. Choose the wrong statement
1) An equipotential surface is normal to electric field lines
2) potential increases in the direction of electric field
3) We may have zero potential but non zero electric field at a point
in space
4) Potential is a scalar quantity

Solution:

Potential decreases in the direction of

electric field
𝟏
𝑽∝
𝒓
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
8. Out of the following two statements
A) As we move in the direction of the field potential goes on
decreasing
B) If a charged body is moved within the field work must be done
by field.

1) A is correct and B is wrong 2) A is wrong and B is correct

3) Both A and B are correct 4) Both A and B are wrong

Solution:

When a charged body is placed in an external electric field a force

acts due to the field. Hence wok is done by the field
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
9. Potential at the point of a pointed conductor is
1) Maximum
2) Same as at any other point

3) Zero
4) Minimum

Solution:

Conceptual
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
10. Out of the following two statements
A) three charge system can not have zero mutual potential energy
B) The mutual potential energy of a system of charges is only due
to positive charges
1) A is wrong and B is correct 2) A is correct and B is wrong

3) Both A and B are correct 4) Both A and B are wrong

Solution:

Any system of charges can have potential energy and any system can
have zero potential energy
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
11. If two conducting spheres are separately charged and then brought
into contact
1) The total energy of the spheres is conserved
2) The total charge on the spheres is conserved
3) Both the total energy and charge are conserved
4) The final potential is always the mean of the original potential
of the two spheres
Solution:

When two conducting charged spheres are brought in contact charge is

only conserved. As the spheres are charged separately, there may be
change of energy.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
12. Electric potential at some point in space is zero. Then at that point
1) electric intensity is necessarily zero
2) electric intensity is necessarily non zero
3) electric intensity may or may not be zero
4) electric intensity is necessarily infinite

Solution:

When potential at a point is zero field may or may not be zero.

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
13. At each corner of an equilateral triangle identical charges are placed.
Then
1) at the centre of the triangle the resultant electric intensity is zero
2) at the centre of the triangle the net electric potential is zero
3) the electrostatic potential energy of the system is zero
4) the resultant electric intensity at any corner is zero

Solution:

For identical charges at the corners of an equilateral triangle the

resultant field is zero but not potential
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
14. On the perpendicular bisector of an electric dipole, the electric
intensity E and potential V are
1) E = 0, V = 0 2) E  0, V  0

3) E  0, V = 0 4) E = 0, V  0

Solution:

On the perpendicular bisector potential is zero because the charges are

equal and opposite but field is not zero
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
15. When an electron approaches a proton, their electrostatic potential
energy
1) decreases 2) increases
3) Remains unchanged 4) All the above
Solution:

Proton, electron are opposite charges which attract each other and
potential energy decreases
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
16. The mutual electric potential energy of two negatively charged
particles are U1 and U2 when their distances of separation are d1 and d2
respectively. If d2 > d1, then

1) U1 > U2 2) U1 < U2 3) U1 = U2 4) cannot be decided

Solution:
1
U
d
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
17. If an earthed plate is brought near positively charged plate, the
potential and capacity of charged plate

1) increases, decreases 2) decreases, increases

3) decreases, decreases 4) increases, increases

Solution:

Capacity increases because more charges accumulation the positive

plate and potential decreases because opposite field against the field
between the plates decreases.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
18. At a point in space the electric field points towards north. In the
region surrounding this point the rate of change of potential will be
zero along
1) North 2) South 3) North south 4) East west

Solution:

As the field is directed towards north, equipotential surface is east –

west. So rate of charge of potential is zero in that direction.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
19. Two charged spheres of radii 10cm and 15cm are connected by a thin
wire. No current will flow if they have
1) the same charge on each
2) the same potential
3) the same field on their surface
4) the same energy
Solution:

No charge or no current flow if the points are at same potential. i.e.,

P.D between the points is zero
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
20. An electron and a proton move through a potential difference of
200V. Then

1) electron gains more energy 2) proton gains more energy

3) both gain same energy 4) none gain energy

Solution:

W=K.E. gained = eV
Hence both electron and proton will gain same energy.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
21. An electron of mass m and charge e is accelerated from rest through
a potential difference V in vacuum. Its final speed will be
𝒆𝑽 𝒆𝑽
𝟐𝒆𝑽 𝒆𝑽 3) 4)
1) 2) 𝟐𝒎 𝒎
𝒎 𝒎

Solution:
𝟏
𝒎𝒗𝟐 = 𝐞𝐕
𝟐
2eV
v=
m
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
22. Four identical charges each of charge Q are placed at the corners of a
square. Then at the centre of the square the resultant electric
intensity E and the net electric potential V are

1) E 0, V = 0 2) E = 0, V  0
3) E = 0, V = 0 4) E  0, V  0
C D
Q Q
Solution:

All are identical charge, so Vc  0

Due to symmetry Ec = 0 Q Q
A B
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
23. Electric potential on the surface of a hollow conducting sphere is V.
𝑽
The electric potential is at a distance
𝟐
1) R/2 inside the sphere
2) R2/2 from the surface of the sphere and outside it
3) 2R from the centre of the sphere
4) 2R from the surface of the sphere and
outside it
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:
Q
Vsurface = K
R

V Q KQ
V = =K =
2 r 2R

R = 2R

KEY: 3
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
24. A charge Q is at the centre of a semicircle of diameter AB. If work
done in moving a charge q along the semicircle is W1 and work done
in moving the same charge q along the path ACB is W2, then

1) W1 > W2 B A
2) W1 < W2 Q
C
3) W1 = W2 = 0

4) W1 = W2  0
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:

Electric field is a conservative field, and hence work done is

independent of path. A and B are equipotential surface.

W1 = W2 = 0

KEY: 3
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
25. A charge Q is placed at one corner A of a square ABCD. Its centre is
0. A test charge q is moved along three paths namely BC, BCD and
BOD doing the works W1, W2 and W3 respectively. Then
1) W1 = W2 = W3 = zero D a C
2) W1 > W2 > W3
q a
3) W1 ≠ 0 and W2 = W3 = 0 a O
q
4) W1 < W2 < W3 W3 W1
A a B
Solution: W2

VB > VC VA = VC
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
26. In hydrogen atom electron of charge –e and mass m revolves round
the nucleus in a circular orbit of radius r. The electrostatic potential
𝟏
energy of the electron is times
𝟒𝝅∈𝟎
−e − e2 e2 −me2
1) 2) 3) 4)
r r r r

Solution:

Electrostatic potential energy of electron

= potential of nuclear field at distance r × charge of electron.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

𝐞 -e
= × −𝐞
𝟒𝛑𝛆𝟎
r
𝟏 −𝒆𝟐 e
= ×
𝟒𝛑𝛆𝟎 𝐫

KEY: 2
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
27. In the electric field of a point charge Q a certain charge is carried
from point A to B, C, D and E. Then the workdone is (Q is at the
centre of the circle)
1) least along the path AB
2) least along the path AD
3) zero along any one of the paths AB, AC, AD and AE

4) least along AE

Solution:
Electrostatic field is conservative.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
28. Two conducting spheres of radii r1 and r2 are at the same potential.
Their charges are in the ratio of
r2 r2 𝟐 r1 r1 𝟐
1) 2) 3) 4)
r1 r1 r2 r2

Solution:

V1 = V 2
𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
 =
𝟒𝝅𝛆𝟎𝒓𝟏 𝟒𝝅𝛆𝟎𝒓𝟐

Q1 r1
 =
Q2 r2
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
29. A condenser is charged to a potential V by connecting it to a battery.
If the charge on the condenser is Q
1) the energy stored in the condenser is 1/2 QV
2) work done by the battery during charging is 1/2 QV
3) work done by the battery during charging is QV

4) both (1) and (3) are true

Solution: When a capacitor is charged by connecting to a
battery of potential V work done by battery = QV
𝟏
Energy stored in the capacitor = QV
𝟐
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
30. Identify the correct order in which the gain in kinetic energies
increases in the following cases
i) Alpha particle accelerated through a P.D of 2V
ii) Proton accelerated through a P.D of 2V
iii) Deutron accelerated through a P.D of 3V
iv) Electron accelerated through a P.D of 5V

1) ii, iii, i and iv

2) iii, iv, i and ii
3) iv, ii, i and iii
4) i, iii, ii and iv
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Solution:

K.E = q.E

i) K.Ed = 4eV ii) K.Ep = 2eV

iii) K.ED = 3eV iv) K.Ee = 5eV

KEY: 1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
31. When a charged particle of charge 'q' and mass 'm' is accelerated
through a P.D of V. Then the velocity (v) acquires by it is
a) v  q b) v  m - ½ c) v  V d) v  q ½

1) b is correct
2) Both b and c are correct
3) Both b and d are correct
4) a and c are correct
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:
𝟏
𝒎𝒗𝟐 = 𝒒𝑽
𝟐

𝟐𝑸𝑽
𝑽=
𝒎
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
−
 𝑽 ∝ 𝒒 ,𝑽 ,𝒎 ,
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

KEY: 3
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
32. When 'n' identical drops each of potential V coalesce to form a bigger
drop of potential 'V1'. Then
a) v1  n b) v1  n2/3 c) V1  V2/3 d) V1  V
1) a and c are correct
2) a and d are correct
𝟏
3) b and c are correct 𝒓𝟏 = 𝒏 𝒓 𝟑

4) b and d are correct 𝟏 𝒏𝒒

𝑽𝟏 =
Solution: 𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝟏𝟑
𝒏 .𝒓
𝟒 𝟒
𝝅𝒓𝟑𝟏 = 𝐧 𝝅𝒓𝟑 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 =𝒏 𝑽𝟑
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
33. Two concentric spheres of radii R and r have similar charges with
equal surface densities (). Then electric potential (V) at their
common centre is
σ
a) V  b) V  (R + r) c) V  (R-r) d) V1  (R-r)
ϵ0

1) a and b are correct

2) a and c are correct
3) b and d are correct
4) a is correct
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:
R

V = V 1  V2
𝝈𝑨𝟏 𝝈𝑨𝟐 r 
=K +K O
𝒓 𝑹

𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟐
= K𝝈 +
𝒓 𝑹

= K −𝟒𝝅 𝑹 + 𝒓

𝛔
= 𝑹+𝒓
𝜺𝟎
KEY: 1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
34. Match list–I with List–II
LIST - I LIST - II
a) Electric potential inside a e) Inversely proportional to square of the
charged conducting sphere distance (r2)
f) Directly proportional to distance (r)
b) Electric potential outside from the centre
conducting charged sphere

c) Electric field inside the

non conducting charged g) constant
sphere
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
d) Electric field outside a h) Inversely proportional to distance (r)
conducting charged sphere

1) a – f, b – e, c – g, d – h
2) a – e, b – f, c – h, d – g
3) a – h, b – g, c – e, d – f

4) a – g, b – h, c – f, d – e
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:

1. As field inside a conducting sphere is zero, potential is constant

2. For electric potential conducting sphere
𝑸
Vout = K
𝒓
3. Electric field inside non - conducting
𝑸
sphere Einside = K 𝟑 𝒓
𝑹

3. Electric field outside conducting sphere

𝑸
Eout = K KEY: 4
𝒓𝟐
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
35. Match list–I with List–II
LIST - I LIST - II
a) Two like charges are e) The force between them decreases
brought nearer
b) Two unlike charges f) Potential energy of the system increases
are brought nearer
c) When a third charge not g) Mutual forces are affected
of same nature is placed
equidistant from two like
charges
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
d) When a dielectric h) Potential energy of the system
medium is introduced decreases
between two charges

1) a – h, b – f, c – g, d – e

2) a – f, b – h, c – g, d – e
3) a – h, b – f, c – e, d – g
4) a – g, b – e, c – f, d – h
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:
a) When two like charges are brought nearer P.E increases
𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
∵ 𝑷. 𝑬 = 𝑲
𝒓𝟏𝟐

b) When unlike charges are brought nearer P.E. decreases

ቀ∵ 𝑷. 𝑬 = -q

c) Mutual forces are not attracted

Q Q
d) Due to dielectric medium force between charges decreases
KEY: 2
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
36. Match list–I with List–II
LIST - I LIST - II
a) Electric potential due e) 𝑬. 𝒓
to a point charge V =
b) Electric field f) Eqd
intensity E =
𝑸
c) Electric potential V = g)
𝟒𝝅∈𝟎𝒓

d) Electro static potential 𝒅𝒗

energy h) -
𝒅𝒙
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
1) a – g, b – h, c – e, d – f 2) a – e, b – h, c – e, d – f
3) a – g, b – h, c – f, d – e 4) a –e, b – h, c – f, d – e

Solution:

θ
a) V =
4πε0r
dv
b) E = −
dx

c) V = 𝑬. 𝒓

d) EPE = Fd = qEd.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
37. Match list–I with List–II
LIST - I LIST - II
a) Electric energy is stored e) decreases
in the capacitor
b) Capacity of capacitor when f) In the electric field
dielectric between the plates between the plates
with disconnecting the battery
c) Potential difference between the
plates of capacitor when dielectric g) Remains same
medium is inserted between the
plates with disconnecting the battery
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
d) Charge on the capacitor when dielectric h) increases
medium is inserted between the plates
of the capacitor with disconnecting the battery

1) a – h, b – f, c – g, d – e
2) a – f, b – g, c – e, d – h
3) a – f, b – h, c – e, d – g

4) a –g, b – f, c – e, d – h
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Solution:

a) Electric energy is stored in the capacitor, in the electric field

between the plates

b) Capacity of capacitor increases when a dielectric is introduced

between the plates

c) Potential difference decreases

d) Remains same.
KEY: 3
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
38. Statement I : When a proton with certain energy moves from low
potential to high potential then its KE decreases.
Statement II : The direction of electric field is opposite to the
potential gradient
1) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is
the correct explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is not
the correct explanation for statement I

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Solution:

When proton moves from lower potential to higher potential i.e in a

direction opposite to the fields it is decelerated
𝒅𝒗
2. E = -
𝒅𝒙

KEY: 1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
39. Statement I : When Proton and  - particle which are initially at rest
are accelerated by same electric field for the same time interval,
debroglie wavelength for  particle is less than that of proton.
Statement II : In the given electric field to get particular momentum
the time of acceleration is inversely proportional to charge
1) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II
is the correct explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is not the correct
explanation for statement I
3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Solution:

t is same

proton D - particle

v = at 𝟐𝒒𝑬
V= t
𝟒𝒎
𝒒𝑬
= t 𝒒𝑬
𝒎 = t
𝟐𝒎
𝒒𝑬
= t 𝒒𝑬
𝒎
mV = t
mV = qEt 𝟐
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

So de-broglie wave length of proton and  -

particle are not same

=
𝒉
.  = p
𝒎𝑽

From above calculation, if P = C

𝟏
E
𝒕

KEY: 2
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
40. Statement I : Proton and duetron are projected with same velocity
normal to the electric field of same strength require different times
of travel to acquire velocity of same magnitude.
Statement II : In the electric field in getting certain velocity from
rest, the time of acceleration is inversely proportional to specific
charge of the particle.
1) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is the correct
explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is not the correct
explanation for statement I
3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:
𝒒𝑬
V= 𝒕+ 𝒖
𝒎

𝒒𝑬 𝒎𝑽
V 𝒕 ⟹t
𝒎 𝒒𝑬

2. From above it is clear

𝒒𝑬 𝑽 𝒒
V 𝒕 ⇒  𝑬
𝒎 𝒕 𝒎

KEY: 1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
41. Statement I : A circle is drawn with a point positive charge (+q) at its
centre. The work done in taking a unit positive charge once around
it is zero
Statement II : Displacement of unit positive charge is zero
1) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II
is the correct explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is
not the correct explanation for statement I

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:

For a point charge, concentric circle is equipotential surface

2. Displacement is not zero, but V = 0

KEY: 2
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
42. Statement I : When two charged spheres are connected by a
conducting wire, the charge flows from smaller sphere to larger sphere.
Statement II : Smaller sphere is at high potential when equal charges
are imparted to both the spheres
1) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement
II is the correct explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is not the correct
explanation for statement I

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:
𝟏

𝒓

i.e smaller the radius larger the charge density. So charge flows from
smaller to larger

KEY: 4
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
43. Statement I : Electric potential at any point on the equatorial line of
electric dipole is zero.
Statement II : Electric potential is scalar
1) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement
II is the correct explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is not the correct
explanation for statement I
3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
Solution: V due to electric dipole at any point
𝟏 𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
V= . 𝟐
𝟒𝝅𝜺𝟎 𝒓
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
44. Statement I : In bringing an electron towards a proton electrostatic
potential energy of the system increases.
Statement II : Potential due to proton is positive.
1) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is
the correct explanation for statement I

2) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is not the

correct explanation for statement I
3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:
On equatorial line every point is equidistance from both the
poles.

2. Electric potential is work per unit charge, so it is a scalar.

KEY: 4
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
45. Statement I : The surface of a conductor is an equipotential surface
Statement II : Conductor allows the flow of charge
1) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is the
correct explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is
not the correct explanation for statement I
3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
If the surface of conductor is not an equipotential
Solution:
surface the field would not be radial to surface.

2. Conductor has free electrons

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
46. Statement I : When charge is shared between two conductors then
there is no loss of charge, but there is loss of electrostatic energy
Statement II : Law of conservation of energy fails.

1) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is the

correct explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II true, statement II is not
the correct explanation for statement I

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:

From conservation of charge when charge is shared between

two conductors total charge remains same. As final charge is
not same, there is charge in electrostatic P.E

2. Total energy remains same.

KEY: 3
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
CAPACITORS
47. Condenser stores

1) charge 2) energy 3) both 4) none

Solution:

Condenser stores electrical energy

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
48. A condenser is charged by connecting to a battery and then the battery
is disconnected. If a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates
1) potential decreases
2) Capacity decreases
3) Potential increases
4) Charge increases

Solution:

Potential decreases
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
49. Two conductors when connected by a wire, charge flows if they have
1) different charges 2) different potentials
3) different capacities 4) different charge densities

Solution:

Charge flows only when there is a P.D

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
50. In a charged capacitor the energy is stored in
1) the field between the plates 2) the positive charge
3) the negative charge 4) none of the above

Solution:

In a capacitor energy is stored in the field between the plates

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
51. The capacitance of a parallel plate condenser depends upon
1) area of the plates 2) medium between the plates
3) distance between the plates 4) all of the above

Solution:

Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor

𝒌𝑨𝜺𝟎
C=
𝒅
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
52. The capacity of a spherical conductor is independent of its
1) volume 2) Surface area
3) material 4) None of the above

Solution:

Capacity of spherical capacitor does not depends on material

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
53. The capacity of a parallel plate condenser depends on
1) the material of the plates 2) its charge
3) its potential 4) none of the above

Solution:

Capacity of parallel plate capacitor

𝑲𝑨𝜺𝟎
C=
𝒅
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
54. The capacity of a parallel plate condenser can be increased by
1) decreasing the distance between the plates
2) increasing the area of the plates
3) introducing a dielectric slab between the plates

4) all of the above

Solution:

For parallel plate capacitor C = 𝑲𝑨𝜺𝟎

𝒅
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
55. The condenser used in the tuning circuit of radio receiver is
1) paper condenser
2) Electrolytic condenser
3) Leyden jar
4) Gang condenser
Solution:

In tuning circuits gang capacitor is used because capacity is variable

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
56. The condenser having pre determined polarity is……….
1) Ceramic condenser
2) paper condenser
3) Electrolytic condenser
4) Mica condenser

Solution:

Electrolytic capacitors have pre determined polarity.

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
57. Electrolytic condenser
1) have aluminium oxide as dielectric medium
2) have very low capacity because the plates are widely separated

3) can be used both in AC and DC circuits

4) all of the above are true

Solution:

Aluminum oxide is used as dielectric medium.

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
58. A parallel plate air capacitor is connected to a battery. The quantities
charge, voltage, electric field and energy associated with this
capacitor are given by Q0, V0, E0 and U0 respectively. A dielectric slab
is now introduced between the plates with battery still in connection.
The corresponding quantities now given by Q, V, E and U are related
to the previous ones as
1) Q = Q0 2) V > V0

3) E > E0 4) U > U0
Solution:

Energy stored and charge increases

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
59. When two charged condensers are connected in parallel
1) The electrical energy of the system is conserved
2) the total charge of the system is conserved

3) both charge and electrical energy are conserved

4) neither charge nor electrical energy is conserved

Solution:

Charge and electric energy are conserved

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
60. The plates of a charged condenser are connected by a conducting
wire. The quantity of heat produced in the wire is
1) proportional to square of the capacity of the condenser
2) inversely proportional to the square of the potential of the
condenser
3) proportional to the length of the wire
4) independent of the resistance of the wire

Solution:

Plates of condenser are connected by a conducting wire the

heat produced in the wire is independent of resistance of wire
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
61. A parallel plate condenser is connected to a battery and charged. Then
the battery is disconnected and the distance of separation between the
plates is increased with the help of insulated handles. Then
1) capacity and charge decrease
2) potential and charge increase
3) capacity decreases and charge remains same
4) energy and capacity decrease

Solution:
ε0A
Capacity decreases C= but charge remains same
d
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
62. A parallel plate condenser is charged by connecting it to a battery.
The battery is disconnected and a glass slab is introduced between
the plates, Then
1) potential increases 2) electric intensity increases

3) Energy decreases 4) Capacity decreases

Solution:

When dielectric slab is introduced without battery capacity

increases and U, V E decreases
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
63. An aluminium foil of negligible thickness is inserted between the
plates of a parallel plate condenser such that its length is parallel to
the plates. If the foil is electrically insulated, the capacity of the
condenser will
1) Increase
2) Decreases considerably
3) Remain unchanged
4) Become infinity

Solution:

Aluminium is conductor ( K = ∝)
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
64. A capacitor works in
1) A.C. Circuits 2) D.C. circuits
3) Both the circuits 4) Neither in A.C nor in D.C. circuits

Solution:

Capacitor works with AC & DC but it stops DC and allow AC

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
65. Two identical capacitors are joined in parallel, charged to a potential
V, separated and then connected in series i.e. the positive plate of one
is connected to the negative plate of the other
1) the charge on the plates connected together are destroyed.

2) charges on the free plates are enhanced

3) the energy stored in the system increases

4) the potential difference between the free plates is 2V.

Solution:
When connected in series the potential becomes two times of each
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
66. Out of the following statements
(A) The capacity of a conductor is affected due to the presence of an
uncharged isolated conductor
(B) A conductor can hold more charge at the same potential if it is
surrounded by dielectric medium.

1) Both A and B are correct

2) Both A and B are wrong

3) A is correct and B is wrong

4) A is wrong and B is correct
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Solution:

Capacity of conductor affected due to presence of uncharged

isolated conductor because a capacitor is formed

b) In presence of dielectric medium potential decreases, so

conductor can hold more charges.

KEY: 1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
67. A parallel plate capacitor has plates of unequal area. The larger plate
is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and the smaller
plate to its negative terminal. Let Q+ and Q- be the charges
appearing on the positive and negative plates respectively.
1) Q+ > Q- 2) Q+ = Q- 3) Q+ < Q-
4) The information is not sufficient to decide the
relation between Q+ and Q–

Solution:

Irrespective of area magnitude of charge on both plates is same

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
68. Space between the plates of a parallel capacitor is filled with a
dielectric slab. The capacitor is charged and then supply is
disconnected to it. If the slab is now taken out then
1) Work is not done to take out the slab
2) Energy stored in the capacitor reduces
3) Potential difference across the capacitor is decreased

4) Potential difference across the capacitor is increased

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:
𝑽𝑪
In presence of slab the potential of capacitor is ,
𝑲
when dielectric slab is removed potential increases

KEY: 4
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
69. A small uncharged metallic sphere is positioned exactly at a point
midway between two equal and opposite point charges. If the sphere
is slightly displaced towards the positive charge and released, then
1) It will move further towards the positive charge

2) Its potential energy will decrease and kinetic

energy will increase

3) The total energy remains constant but is non- zero

4) All the above are correct

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Solution:
+ -

Being a metallic sphere, it is induced with negative charge. P.E.

decreases and K.E increases due to attraction. Energy is conserved.

KEY: 4
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
70. The capacity of a parallel condenser is quadrupled if

1) the charge on it is quadrupled

2) the P.D. is made 1/4th of the original value
3) the area of each plate is doubled and
the distance of separation is halved
4) All the above

Solution:
Q ε 0A
C= =
V d
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
71. A parallel plate condenser is charged by connecting it to a battery.
Without disconnecting the battery, the space between the plates is
completely filled with a medium of dielectric constant K. Then
𝟏
1) potential becomes times
𝐊

2) charge becomes K times

𝟏
3) energy becomes times
𝐊
4) electric intensity becomes K times

Solution:

Charge and energy increases

 ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
72. In the diagram A and B are two metal plates arranged
as shown. A small particle having a mass m and a P
negative charge q is held at rest at P. A constant P.D. is
applied between A and B (Plate A is at higher A B
potential). The particle is then released. Its path, as it
falls, will be best represented by the curve

1) 3) 4)
2)

Solution:

Particle moves in a parabolic path towards +ve plate

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
73. Two vertical metallic plates carrying equal and opposite charges are
kept parallel to each other like a parallel plate capacitor. A small
spherical metal ball is suspended by a long insulated thread such that
it hangs freely in the centre of the two metallic plates. The ball which
is uncharged is taken slowly towards the positively charged plate and
is made to touch that plate. Then the ball will
1) stick to the positively charged plate
2) come back to its original position and will remain there

3) oscillate between the two plates touching each plate in turn

4) oscillate between the two plates without touching them
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:

When ball is brought towards positive plate, negative charge is

induced. So it is attracted by positive plate.

When touches the plate, it becomes positively charged and repelled,

moves to the other sides and oscillate

KEY: 3
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
74. A condenser A of capacity 4mF has charge 20mC and another
condenser B of capacity 10mF has charge 40mC. If they are
connected in parallel, then
1) charge flows from B to A till the charges on them are equal
2) charge flows from B to A till common
potential is reached

3) charge flows from A to B till common potential is reached

4) charge flows from A to B till charges on them are equal

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:
QA 20
VA = = =5 mV
CA 4

40
VB = = 4 mV
10

VB < VA Charge flows from A to B

KEY: 3
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
75. When a dielectric material is introduced between the plates of a
parallel plate capacitor, the capacity becomes……………..
1 1
1) K times 2) times 3) K2 times 4) times
K2 K

Solution:

ε0A
C = KCO 𝑪𝟎 =
d
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
76. If the electric intensity between the plates of a parallel plate
condenser is E, the electric energy stored per unit volume of the
medium is
1 1 3) 𝛆𝟎 𝐄 𝟐
1) 𝛆𝟎 𝐄 𝟐 2) 𝐄 𝛆𝟎𝟐 4) 2𝛆𝟎 𝐄 𝟐
2 2

Solution:

Energy stored per unit volume (energy density)

𝟏𝜺𝟎𝑨 𝟐
𝑬 .𝑽 𝟏
𝟐 𝒅
= = = 𝜺𝟎 𝑬𝟐
𝑽 𝑽 𝟐
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
77. Two condensers of capacities C1 and C2 are connected in parallel and
charged. Then the ratio of charge on C1 to charge on C2 is
𝟐 𝟐
C C C C
1) 2 2) 2 3) 1 4) 1
C1 C1 C2 C2

Solution:

Potential on both are equal

V1 = V 2

Q1 Q2 Q C
= ⟹ 1= 1
C1 C2 Q2 C2
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
78. A parallel plate condenser of area A has charge Q. Then the force on
each plate is

Q2 Q2 Q2 2Q
1) 2) 𝟐 3) 4)
ε0A ε𝟎 A 𝟐ε0A ε0A2

Solution:

Each plate is in the electric field of other plate

𝝈 Q2
F= EQ = Q=
𝟐ε0 𝟐ε0A
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
79. You are given 3 identical capacitors. How many different
combinations you can make using all capacitors each time ?

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

Solution:

N capacitors can be arranged (n + 1) ways

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
80. A parallel plate condenser has charge Q, surface charge density s,
capacity C and distance of separation d between the plates. Then the
electric intensity between the plates is
𝝈 𝟐𝐐 2𝝈 𝐐
1) 2) 3) 4)
2ε0 𝐂𝐝 ε0 𝐂𝐝

Solution:
σ Q Q ቀ∵ 𝑪 =
E= = =
ε0 Aε0 Cd
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
81. Two spherical conductors of radii R1 and R2 (R2>R1) are placed
concentrically in air. The two are connected by a copper wire. Then
the equivalent capacity of the system is
4𝝅 R R
1) 4𝝅𝜺𝟎(R1 + R2) 2) 4𝝅𝜺𝟎R1 3) 4𝝅𝜺𝟎R2 4) 𝜺𝟎 1 2
R2 −R1−

Solution:
R2
It is combination of the sphere on
separate capacitors R1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
82. Three identical condensers are connected in different combinations
using all three each time. Arrange the following cases in the
increasing order of effective capacity.
i) all in series ii) all in parallel
iii) two in series and one in parallel iv) two in parallel and one in series

1) i, iv, iii, ii 2) i, ii, iii, iv

3) ii, iii, i, iv 4) iii, ii, iv, i
Solution:

i) All are in series Ceq = 4𝑪𝟎

𝑪𝟎
ii) All are in series Ceq =
4
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
iii) Two in series : C1 = 2C
2.C.C 2
then Ceq = = C
2C + C 3

𝑪
iv) Two in parallel : C1 =
𝟐
C 3
then Ceq = + 𝑪 = C
2 2

KEY: 1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
83. A capacitor of capacity C1 = 1F is charged to a potential of 100V. The
charging battery is then removed and it is connected to another
capacitor of capacity C2 = 2 F. The other plate of C2 is earthed.
Then in steady state……….
a) the charge on C1 is 100 C
b) the charge on C1 is 50  C
c) the charge on C2 is zero
d) the charge on C2 is 50  C

1) a and c 2) a and d
3) b and c 4) b and d
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:

As V is same

𝑸𝟏 𝑸𝟐
=
𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐

𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑸𝟐 =
𝟐

= 50C

And charge on C1 is = 100C KEY: 2

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
84. Statement I : The strength of the electric field in the charged and
isolated capacitor is decreased when dielectric slab is inserted.
Statement II : When dielectric slab is inserted between the plates of a
charged capacitor, electric field is generated due to induced charge,
opposite to external field
1) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is the
correct explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is not
the correct explanation for statement I
3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Solution:

When dielectric slab is introduced between the plates electric field

strength decreases due to induced charges in the dielectric

KEY: 1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
85. Statement I : When a condenser is charged by a cell, then the energy
stored in the condenser is half of the work done by the cell
Statement II : Condenser is charged at gradually increasing potential
but the cell gives charge at constant potential.

1) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is

the correct explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II
is not the correct explanation for statement I

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Solution:

Work done by cell = QV and

𝟏
energy stored in the capacitor = 𝑸𝑽
𝟐

KEY: 1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
86. Statement I : On charging the capacitor, energy is stored in it.
Statement II : In charging the capacitor, work is done by the battery.

1) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is the

correct explanation for statement I

2) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is

not the correct explanation for statement I

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.

ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:

On charging capacitor, electric field is established

between the plates. So energy is stored in the field work is
done by the cell to move charges

KEY: 2
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
87. Statement I : When dielectric is placed between the plates of a
capacitor with disconnecting the battery, energy stored in the capacitor
decreases
Statement II: Due to dielectric slab capacity increases

1) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is

the correct explanation for statement I

2) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is

not the correct explanation for statement I

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:

When battery is removed and dielectric is introduced, then ‘Q’ on the

plates does not change but V decreases, capacity increases.

KEY: 2
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
88. Statement I : Two capacitors are connected in series to a battery. If a
dielectric medium is inserted between the plates of one of the
capacitors, the energy stored in the system will increase
Statement II : On inserting the dielectric medium, the capacity of the
capacitor increases
1) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement
II is the correct explanation for statement I

2) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement

II is not the correct explanation for statement I

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Solution:

When dielectric slab is inserted across one of the capacitors , the

energy stored increases. Capacity also increases

KEY: 1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
89. Statement I : Two capacitors are connected in parallel to a battery. If
a dielectric medium is inserted between the plates of one of the
capacitors then the energy stored in the system will increase.
Statement II : On inserting dielectric medium between the plates of a
capacitor, its capacity increases
1) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is the
correct explanation for statement I
2) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is not
the correct explanation for statement I

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
Solution:

Capacitors connected in parallel potential remains same on

inserting dielectric slab, but capacity increases. So energy stored
capacity increases

KEY: 1
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept
90. Statement I : When a charged capacitor is discharged through a
resistor, heat is produced in the resistor
Statement II : In charging a capacitor, energy is stored in the capacitor.

1) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is the

correct explanation for statement I

2) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, statement II is not

the correct explanation for statement I

3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false

4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Solution:

When capacitor is discharged through a wire, heat is produced on

charging, electric field is established and energy is stored.

KEY: 2
ELECTRO STATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITORS concept

Thank you…