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Formatting Characters

Format character in computer course

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Vincy Ram15
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8 views18 pages

Formatting Characters

Format character in computer course

Uploaded by

Vincy Ram15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formatting characters

By
M.HEMAMALINI
⚫ In a web Page , the characters can be made
bold, italics, etc, by using some HTML tags.
⚫ There are two methods of formatting
characters.
⚫ They are
⚫ Logical styles
⚫ Physical styles
⚫ The logical styles inform the browser what
kind of text to present.
⚫ The browser takes care of how to present it .
⚫ For example consider <em> tag.
⚫ This tag says that emphasis must be given.
⚫ The browser takes care of how to present it
so that it gets the emphasis required.
Tag Meaning

<em>---- </em> Basic emphasis normally rendered in italics

<strong>----</strong Strong emphasis , normally rendered in bold style

<dfn>… </dfn> Defining instance of the enclosed term

<code>---</code> Extracts of program code

<samp>---</samp> Sample outputs from program, scripts etc

<kbd>---</kbd> Text to be typed by the user

<var> ---<var> Variables or arguments to commands

<cite>---</cite> Citation or reference to other sources


Physical style format

⚫ The physical style format tags explicitly


informs the browser how the characters must
be shown: bold, italics etc.
⚫ The physical style tags are shown.
Tag Meaning
<b>….</b> Bold face

<I>….</I> Italics

<tt>…</tt> Teletype or mono spaced font

<u>…</u> underline

<strike>…</strike> Strikethrough

<sub>…</sub> Subscript

<sup>…</sup> Superscript

<big>…</big> Larger font size

<small>…</small> Smaller font size


⚫ <html>
⚫ <head>
⚫ <title>
⚫ <physical Styles Format>
⚫ </title>
⚫ </head>

⚫ <body>
⚫ <br><b>St Xavier's College - Bold</b>
⚫ <br><i> St xavier's College - Italics</I>
⚫ <br><tt><St Xavier's College - teletype</tt>
⚫ <br><u> St Xavier's College - underline</u>
⚫ <br><strike> St Xavier's College - Strikethrough</strike>
⚫ <br> St Xavier's <sub> College </sub>
⚫ <br> St Xavier's <sup> College</sup>
⚫ <br><brg> St Xavier's College </big>
⚫ <br><small> St Xavier's College </small>
⚫ </body>
⚫ </html>
⚫ The <sub> and <sup> tags are used to
represent mathematical and chemical
formulae.

⚫ For example consider the formulae


⚫ Y = x2 + y2 +xasiny
⚫ This can be represented in html as follows
⚫ Y = x <sup>2</sup> + y <sup>2</sup> +
x<sup>asiny</sup>
<html>
<head>
<title>
<chemical equations>
</title>
</head>
<body>

<br>
<h1> Chemical equation </h1>
<hr>
<br>
<h2><i>
C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH+PCL<sub>5</sub>=C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5
</sub>CL+POCL<sub>3</sub>+HC.
<br>
4H<sub>3</sub>Po<sub>3</sub>=3H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>+PH<sub>3
</sub>
<br>
PCL<sub>3</sub>+CL<sub>=Pcl<sub>5</sub>
</i>
</h2>
</body>
Font tag

⚫ The <font> tag is used to set a specific font


and size.
⚫ It usually has two attributes namely face and
size.
⚫ For example consider the following
⚫ <font face = Arial size = 25>
⚫ Welcome Professor
⚫ </font>
⚫ This causes the message “welcome Professor” to appear in
Arial font with size = 25.
⚫ The size attribute of the <font> tag can be defined in one of two
ways.
⚫ They are absolute and relative sizes.

⚫ For example size = 25 is the absolute size.


⚫ This informs the browser that the text follows this tag must
appear in size 25.
⚫ In relative size, we inform the browser to increase or decrease
the usual size. Suppose we write
⚫ <font size = +3>
⚫ Departmental Activities
⚫ </font>
⚫ The heading “Departmental Activities” appears in the size which
is three more than the normal size . If the normal size is 12
points, this text will appear in 15 points.
Base font

⚫ At the beginning of the document , the default font


size for the entire page can be selected using the
<base font> tag , For example , consider the tag
shown below.
⚫ <base font = Arial size = 16>
⚫ This statement specifies Arial 16 points for the entire
document.
⚫ Notice that the <base font> tag has no
corresponding end tag as </base font>
Preformatting text

⚫ We can type the text without any change


using the <pre> </pre> tag pair.
⚫ The text or symbols between <pre> and
</pre> appear as they are in the page
Special characters

• Special characters such as <,>, etc can be


included in the web page using escape codes
which begin with the ampersand(&) symbol.
• The ampersand symbol must be followed by the
mnemonic keyword for the symbol.
• Some mnemonic symbols are shown in the
following table.
• Instead of mnemonic code, the ASCII code of
the symbol may also be given in the HTML code.
Mnemonic Symbol Description Decimal
Lt < Less than #60
Gt > Greater than #62
Amp & Ampersand #38
AEig Æ Capital AE diphthong #198
O slash Ø Capital oh slash #216
Quote ‘ Single Quote #62
© Cop yRight sign #169
± Plus or minus #177
1/4 Quarter #188
1/2 Half #189
3/4 Three-Quarters #190

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