—— 18 71.120.30 » I5 » NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA PHA RIA REE GBT 151-2014 Supersedes GB 151-1999 Heat Exchangers BERS Issued on: December 5, 2014 Implemented on: May 1, 2015 Jointly issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) and the Standardization Administration GAC) of the People’s Republic of ChinaContents Foreword... Tntroduction....animmmnmnmnninmnmennnininmninenmnnmnmmmnmnmnmmmnnnnmnmnmennnd 1 Scope. 1 ‘Terms and Definitions. A General Requirements ..n.mmmmmmmnennmmnmnnenmmnmnnnennmmnmnrnannmnmnnens 4.1 General Rules... 4.2 Qualifications and Responsibilities. 43, Process Calculation. 44° General Design Requirements. 45 Permissible Stres 4.6 Classification and Coefficient of Welded Joints. 4.7 Pressure-tight Test. 48 Leakage Test. 13 5 Maletlalt on .crmmaconcanmnausnmcioncanmennsennmnaenaamunisnssnen winced: 5.1 General Provisions, 13 5.3 Tube Sheet, Header Flat-cover and Flange.. 54 Heat Exchange Tube. 5.5. Steel Bar for Stud (Including Bolt) and Nut 6 Structural Design. 6.1 Main Components and Parts of Tube-shell Heat Exchangers. 62. Model of Tube-shell Heat Exchangers 63 Tubeside 64 Heat Exchange Tube. 6.5. Tube Sh6stunenrnnmmnmnnennimmnmnmnenrnnimnmannnmnmmmnenmninennnnnrnnmnedT 6.6 Connection between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube Sheet. 31 6.7 Welding Connection between Tube Shect and Header of Shel...nennuinnennos 36 68 36 69 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 Connecting Pipe and Other Openings. 6.14 Equipment Flange and Nozzle Flange. 6.15. Sealing and Gasket. 6116 BuppcttacrmacnicnsnanmammannenmsnincmcnnmmtmnsennaienST 6.17 Accessories. 60 T Dasien Caloubelion yu imserinncmsessnestnoninnnm: inns omtsecimesmmntnssicinnsncmr 61 7.1. Pressure-bearing Shell and Partition... 61 7.2. Floating Head and Split Ring..smmmenranmnamunnnnmnmermennninmnnnenrnnmnnn Gl7.3 Weat Exchange Tube. 74 Tube Sheet. 8 Fabrication, Inspection and Acceptance.. 8.1 General Rules... 127 8.3. Heat Exchange Tube. 128 84 Tube Sheet and Header Flat-CovEr wnmnmmmnmenrnnmnmunnnninmnmnrnenmmnnneel29 8.5 Baffle and Supporting Plate. 131 8.7 Tube Bundle Assembly. 132 8&8 Connection between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube Sheet 132 89 133, 8.10 133, gil 133, 812 134 8.13 Pressure-tight Test and Leakage Test. 137 8.14 Delivery Information... 138 8.16 Coating and Transport Package. 138 9) Installation, Operation and Maintenance...mnmnmnninmnmenninnimmmnmnnnrnnmnres 3B 9.1 Site Installation. 138 9.2 Test Run and Operation, 139 93° Maintenance... 140 ‘Appendix A (Normative) Declaration of Standard Conformity and Revision. 141 ‘Appendix B (Informative) Heat Transfer Calculations of Tube-shell Heat Exchanger. 142 Appendix C (Informative) Vibration Caused by Fluid... 158 ‘Appendix D (Informative) Physical Property Data of Common Fluids... 188 Appendix E (Informative) Fouling Resistance. 226 ‘Appendix F (Informative) Heat Conductivity Coefficients of Metal....ueueumnnnninanannan 230 Appendix G (Informative) List for Properties of Heat Exchange Tube... 232 Appendix H (Informative) Weld Types of Welded Joints between Heat Exchange Tube and Tube Sheet Appendix I (Informative) Welded Connection of Tube Sheet to Header and Shell. Appendix J (Informative) Calculation for the Arca of Inlet and Outlet of Shell and Tube Bundle ‘Appendix K (Informative) Tube Sheet for Heat Exchanger with Corrugated Tubes. Appendix L (Informative) Bracing Tube Sheet. ‘Appendix M (Informative) Flexible Tube Shect...NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA HEA RE MERA GBT 151-2014 Heat Exchangers PRR 1 Scope 1.1 This standard specifies general requirements of metallic heat exchangers as well as materials, design, fabrication, inspection, acceptance, installation and use requirements of tube-shell heat exchangers. 1.2 General requirements of this standard are applicable to the tube-shell heat exchangers and the heat exchangers in other structural types. All the provisions of this standard are applicable to tube-shell heat exchangers. 1.3. The design pressure to which this standard applies: a) Design pressure of tube-shell heat exchangers is not greater than 35MPa; b) Design pressure of the heat exchangers in other structural types shall be determined according to the corresponding normative references. 1.4 The design temperature to which this standard applies: a) Steel shall not exceed the permissible service temperature range of the materials listed in GB 150.2-2011; b) Design temperatures of other metal materials shall be determined according to the permissible service temperature of the materials listed in corresponding normative references. 1.5 In this standard, applicable nominal diameters of tube-shell heat exchangers shall not be greater than 4,000mm, and the product of design pressure (MPa) multiplied by nominal diameter (mm) shall not be greater than 2.710%, 1,6 The tube-shell heat exchangers beyond the scope of 1.5 may be fabricated and constructed by reference to this standard. 1.7. This standard does not apply to the following heat exchangers: a) Direct fired heat exchangers; 'b) Flue-type exhaust (waste) heat boiler; ©) Heat exchangers with failure risk due to neutron damage in the nuclear-energy plant; d) Non-metallic heat exchangers; ©) Heat exchangers otherwise specified in the national standards or professional standards in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry. 1.8 Defined range of heat exchanger; ) Connection between the heat exchanger and the external pipe: 14 General Requirements 4.1 General Rules 4.1.1 Heat exchangers shall meet the general requirements of this standard and comply with the relevant laws, regulations and safety specifications issued by the country. For the declaration of conformity of this standard, see Appendix A, 4.1.2 Tube-shell heat exchangers shall meet the requirements of this standard; the heat exchangers in other structural types shall not only meet the general requirements of this standard but also satisfy the requirements of the following corresponding standards: a) JB/T 4751 Spiral Heat Exchanger, ) NB/T 47004 (IB/T 4752) Plate Heat Exchangers; ©) NB/T 47006 (JB/T 4757) Aluminum Plate-fin Heat Exchanger, 4) NB/T 47007 (IB/T 4758) Air Cooled Heat Exchanger. 4.1.3 The tube-shell heat exchangers made of other types of metal, e.g. aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel and zirconium or the pressure components shall not only comply with this standard but also meet the requirements of the following corresponding standards: a) JBI 4734 Aluminum Welded Vessels; b) JBIT 4745 Titanium Welded Vessels; ©) JBIT 4755 Copper Pressure Vessels; 4) BIT 4756 Nickel and Nickel Alloy Pressure Vessels; ©) NB/T 47011 Zirconium Pressure Vessels. 4.1.4 Design organization and fabrication organization of heat exchangers shall establish sound quality management systems and guarantee effective operation of them. 4.1.5 The heat exchangers within the scope of TSG R 0004-2009 shall be subjected to the supervision by the safety supervision organizations for special equipment with regard to design, fabrication, installation and use. 4.1.6 As for the heat exchangers or pressure components to which the design and calculation methods in GB 1503-2011, this standard and corresponding normative references do not apply, they may be designed according to the method specified in 4.1.6 of GB 150.1-2011, 4.1.7 As for the heat exchangers or pressure components having a design pressure lower than 0.1 MPa and vacuum degree lower than 0.02 MPa, they may be designed according to the relevant requirements of NB/T 47003.1 (JBVT 4735.1) and this standard. 4.2 Qualifications and Responsibilities 4.2.1 Qualifications As for the heat exchangers within the scope of TSG R 0004-2009, their design and fabrication organizations shall hold comesponding special equipment permits. 4.2.2. Responsibilities 4.2.2.1 Responsibilities of the user or the design client ‘The user or the design client of heat exchangers shall propose design conditions (UDS - User's Design Specification) to the design organization in formal written form, The design conditions shall cover atleast: 8) Main standards and specifications on which the design is based; 6}) Operating parameters (including working pressure, working temperature range, Tiquid level, toad on connecting pipe and cyclic load), ©) Application place and its natural conditions (including ambient temperature, seismic fortification intensity, wind and snow loads); 4) Components and characteristics of medium; ©) Expected service life; £) Geometric parameters and nozzle orientation; g) Grade of steel bundle; fh) Other necessary design conditions. 4.2.2.2 Responsibilities of design organization Design organization of the heat exchangers shall be liable to the following ones as a minimum: a) Correctness and completeness of design documents, ) The design documents of heat exchangers consisting of strength calculation sheet, design drawings, technical requirements for fabrication, and risk assessment report (if required in relevant laws and regulations or by the design client) as a minimum, and also the instructions for installation, use and maintenance where necessary; ©) The general design drawings for the heat exchangers within the scope of TSG R (0004-2009 being stamped with the design licensing stamp for special equipment; ) Preservation requirements for all the design documents of the tube-shell heat exchangers requiring preservation within the design service life and for the design documents of the heat exchangers in other structural types in accordance with the corresponding standards. 4.2.2.3 Responsibilities of fabrication organization Fabrication organization of the heat exchangers shall be liable to the following ones as a minimum: ) Fabrication organization shall perform fabrication according to the requirements of the design documents, obtain the written document for consent of modification from the original design organization prior to making any modification to the original design where necessary, and record the modified part in detail; b) Prior to fabrication, fabrication organization shall prepare a sound quality plan which shall at least include the control point of fabrication process, inspection items and acceptable indexes for heat exchangers or elements; ©) Inspection department from the fabrication organization shall perform inspection and test for the heat exchangers item by item according to the requirements of the standards, the drawings and the quality plan during fabrication process and upon completion, and issue corresponding reports. Besides, it shall be responsible for correctness and completeness of the reports it issued: Fabrication organization shall issue product quality certificates for the heat exchangers that pass the inspection; ©) Fabrication organization shall at least preserve the following technical documents within its design service life for every tube-shell heat exchanger it fabricated: 1) Quality plan; 2) Fabrication flow diagram or fabrication dispatch; 73) Product quality certificates; 4) Welding procedure and heat treatment process documents; 5) Records on inspection and test items optional to the fabrication organization in the standard; 6) Check, inspection and test records during fabrication process and upon completion; 7) Original design drawings and as-built drawings; {) Preservation requirements for the fabrication technology documents of the heat exchangers in other structural types shall comply with corresponding standards. 43. Process Calculation 43.1 Design conditions 4.3.1.1 The user or the design client of heat exchangers shall propose the design conditions to the design organization in formal written form. The design conditions shall cover at least: a) Operating data, including flow, vapor fraction, temperature, pressure and thermal load; ») Physical property data, including medium density, specific heat, viscosity, heat conductivity coefficient or composition; ©) Permissible resistance drop; 4) Others, including operating flexibility, operating condition, and installation requirements (geometric parameters, nozzle orientation). 43.1.2 See Table B.1 of Appendix B for data of tube-shell heat exchangers. 43.2. Type selection and calculation 43.2.1 The following factors shall be taken into consideration for the type selection of heat exchangers: a) Reasonable selection for types and basic parameters of heat exchangers, so as to meet the requirements of heat transfer, safety reliability and energy efficiency; 'b) Economical efficiency and reasonable material selection; ©) Installation, operation, maintenance and other requirements of heat exchangers satisfied, 43.2.2 In the process calculation, heat exchangers shall be optimized, so as to improve heat transfer efficiency and meet the requirements of process design conditions. See Appendix B for calculation of heat transfer without phase change for tube-shell heat exchangers. Vibration caused by fluid shall also be taken into consideration for the tube-shell heat exchangers where necessary, see Appendix C for calculation, See Appendix D for physical property data of common fluids; see Appendix E for fouling resistance; and see Appendix F for heat conductivity coefficients of metals. 4A General Design Requirements 44.1 Loads 4.1.1 The following loads shall be taken into consideration in the design: a) Internal pressure, external pressure or the maximum differential pressure; b) Acting forces caused by different expansion; ©) The static pressure of liquid column, which may be negligible if itis lower than 5% of the design pressure. 441.2 The following loads shall also be taken into consideration where necessary: 8) Deadweight of the heat exchanger and gravity load of the inside medium under 8normal working condition or pressure-tight test condition; }) Gravity loads of auxiliary equipment and thermal insulation materials, lining, pipes, escalators, and platforms, etv.; ©) Wind load, seismic load and snow load; 4) Reactive force of support and other types of supporting elements; ©) Acting force of connecting pipes and other components; 1) Acting forces caused by temperature gradients; #) Impact loads, including the impact load generated by rapid pressure fluctuation, the counter force caused by fluid impact, ete.; b) Acting force in transportation or hoisting. 44.2 Design pressure or calculated pressure Design pressure or calculated pressure shall be determined according to the following provisions: a) Ifheat exchangers are equipped with overpressure relief devices, the design pressure shall be determined according to the requirements of Appendix B of GB 150.1-2011; b) The design pressure for each side (pressure chamber) of heat exchangers shall be determined respectively according to the respective severest working conditions; ©) If the heat exchangers may operate under negative pressure, the calculated pressure of elements shall be determined in consideration of the possible maximum pressure difference under the normal working conditions; 4) The design pressure on the vacuum side shall be considered according to the bearable external pressure; if the safety control device (e.g. vacuum relief valve) is mounted, the design pressure shall be 1.25 times of the maximum inner and outer pressure difference or 0.1 MPa, whichever is less; if not, the design pressure shall be 0.1 MPa; ©) As for the elements under the action of pressure of each side (pressure chamber) that ensure not exceeding the set differential pressure within the whole service life, they may be designed according to the differential pressure; otherwise, their calculated pressures shall be determined respectively according to the design pressure of each side (pressure chamber) and in consideration of the possible severest pressure combinations; in the case of differential-pressure-based design, differential pressure value shall be determined in consideration of the possible maximum differential pressure value that may appear in the ‘pressure-tight test, the differential pressure based shall be defined in the design document, and the requirements for differential pressure assurance shall be proposed in the pressure-tight test. 44.3 Design temperature ‘Determination of design temperature shall conform to the following provisions: a) The design temperature of each side (pressure chamber) of heat exchangers shall be determined respectively according to their respective severest working conditions; if each part has different metal temperatures under working conditions, the design temperature may be designed respectively; the design temperature of shellside and that of tubeside are the same as the design temperature of shellside shell and header shell respectively; 1) The design temperature shall not be less than the possible maximum temperature of the metal components under working conditions; if the metal has a temperature less than 0°C, its design temperature shall not be higher than the possible minimum temperature of the metal 9components; under any circumstances, surface temperature of the metal components shall not exceed the permissible service temperature of the materials; ©) As for the elements under the action of temperature of the medium on both sides, the design temperature shall be determined according to their metal temperature; 4) Metal temperature of the elements shall be determined by the following methods: 1) Heat transfer calculation; 2) Measurement on the given similar heat exchangers, 3) Determination in accordance with medium temperature and in combination with extemal conditions, 44.4 Combinations of working conditions The heat exchangers under different working conditions shall be designed according to the severest one; combinations of different working conditions shall also be taken into consideration where necessary, and the drawings or corresponding technical documents shall state the pressure and temperature values under the operating conditions and the design conditions of each working condition. 44,5 Additional thickness 4.4.5.1 The additional thickness shall be determined according to Formula (4-1): CCH, @1) Where, C—the additional thickness, mm; C:—the negative deviation of materials thickness, according to the requirements of 44,5,2, mm, C+—the corrosion allowance, according to the requirements of 4.4.5. 44.5.5,mm. 44.5.2 Negative thickness deviation of sheet material or tube material shall meet the requirements of corresponding material standards. 4453 Corrosion allowance shall be taken into consideration since there is possibility that elements of heat exchangers weakened and thinned due to corrosion and mechanical wear: 8) As for the elements subjected to uniform corrosion and wear, the corrosion allowance shall be determined according to the expected service life and the corrosion rate of the medium on the metal materi ) Different corrosion allowance may be adopted for different elements due to their difference in corrosion degree; c) Carbon steel or low alloy steel heat exchangers using compressed air, vapor or water as the medium shall have a corrosion allowance not less than Imm. 4454 Considerations for corrosion allowance of elements of tube-shell heat exchangers as the following principles: 8) Corrosion allowance shall be taken into consideration for both sides of tube sheet, floating head flange and spherical cap head; ') Corrosion allowance shall be taken into consideration for internal surface of header flat-cover, convex head, header and shell; ©) When slotting is made on tube sheet and header flat-cover, the metal above the lower surface of partition slot is regarded as the corrosion allowance, which shall be added 4, 4 and 104.7.2 Category and requirements of pressure-tight test shall be noted in the drawings. 4.7.3 As for the heat exchangers designed according to differential pressure, the specific requirements for pressure rise and drop during pressure-tight test shall be noted in the drawings. 4.1.4 As for the tube-shell heat exchangers with tubeside design pressure higher than shellside design pressure, the test methods and pressure of tube head shall be noted in the drawings. 48 Leakage Test 4.8.1 Leakage test shall meet the requirements of 4.7 in GB 150.1-2011. 4.8.2 Category and requirements of leakage test shall be noted in the drawings. 5 Materials 5.1 General Provisions Sel Steel grade and standard, additional technical requirements, limited range (0.8. pressure and temperature) and permissible stress of steel pressure components for tube-shell heat exchangers shall meet the requirements of Appendixes A and D of GB 150.2-2011; for reference values of high-temperature property, see Appendix B of GB 150.2-2011. 5.1.2 As for the other metal materials, e.g, aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel and zirconium, for pressure components of tube-shell heat exchangers, their technical requirements, limited range (¢.g. designation, pressure and temperature) and permissible stress shall meet the requirements of TSG R 0004-2009 and the normative references of this standard. 5.2 Cylinder and Head The materials used for fabricating cylinder or head of tube-shell heat exchangers shall meet the relevant requirements of normative references GB 150.1-2011 and GB 150.2-2011. 53. Tube Sheet, Header Flat-cover and Flange 53.1 Forging Steel forgings for fabricating tube sheet, header flat-cover and flange shall meet the requirements of Chapter 6 of GB 150.2-2011 and forging shall not be less than Grade I 5.3.2 Sheet material 53.2.1 Sheet materials for fabricating tube sheet, header flat-cover and equipment flange shall meet the relevant requirements of GB 150.2-2011 as well as the normative references listed in GB 150.1-2011. When shouldered tube sheet, tubes welded to backside of tubesheet and header flat-cover (No. 11~14 flat-cover in Table 5-10 of GB 150.3-2011) are directly fabricated with rolled sheet materials, the through-thickness characteristic of carbon steel and low alloy steel shall not be lower than Grade Z35 in GB/T 5313-2010 and the additional ingpection requirements shall be proposed in the design documents. 53.2.2 Surfacing or explosion welded clad tubesheet may be adopted. The explosion welded clad tubesheet, if adopted, shall meet the requirements of Class BI in NB/T 47002.1~47002.4; surfacing clad tubesheet should be adopted for the heat exchange tube subjected to axial compression stress. $33 Lining 135.3.3.1 Header flat-cover and flange may be in the composite structure of (loose) lining ining plate and bush ring). 5.3.3.2 Composite structure of lining shall not be used in the following situations: a) Design temperature higher than 300°C; 'b) Vacuum working condition exists in the working process; ©) Medium toxicity is extremely or highly hazardous. 54 Heat Exchange Tube SAI Steel heat exchange tube shall meet the requirements of GB 150.2-2011 and the normative references in Chapter 4 of this standard, See Appendix G for the properties of ‘common heat exchange tubes; see the following tube material standard for designations and requirements of common heat exchange tubes: a) GBY/T 1527 Drawn Tube of Copper and Copper Alloys; ‘b) GB/T 2882 Nickel and Nickel Alloys Tube; c) GB/T 3625 Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tube for Condensers and Heat Exchangers; d) GB 5310 Seamless Steel Tubes and Pipes for High Pressure Boiler; ©) GB 6479 Seamless Steel Tubes for High-pressure Chemical Fertilizer Equipments; {) GB/T 6893 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Cold Drawn (Rolled) Seamless Tubes, 8) GBIT 8890 Seamless Copper Allay Tube for Heat-exchanger, h) GB 9948 Seamless Steel Tubes for Petroleum Cracking; i) GB 13296 Seamless Stainless Steel Tubes for Boiler and Heat Exchanger, i) GB/T 21832 Austenitic - Ferritic (Duplex) Grade Stainless Steel Welded Tubes and Pipes, k) GB/T 21833 Austenitic - Ferritic (Duplex) Grade Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes and Pipes; 1) GBYT 24593 Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes for Boiler and Heat-exchanger, m) GBY/T 26283 Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Seamless Tubes; 1) NBIT 47019.1~47019.8 Purchase Technical Specifications for Boiler & Heater Exchanger Tubes/Pipes. 5.4.2 It is allowed to use the enhanced heat transfer tube that conforms to the following standards, and the application scope and base materials shall also meet the requirements of GB 150.2-2011 and the relevant standards: a) GBT 24590 Enhanced Tubes for Efficient Heat Exchanger, db) GB/T 28713.1Enhanced Heat Transfer Elements Used in Tube-shell Heat Exchangers -Part 1: Threaded Tubes, c) GB/T 28713.2Enhanced Heat Transfer Elements Used in Tube-shell Heat Exchangers- Part 2: Stainless Steel Corrugated Tubes; d GB/T 28713.3Enhanced Heat Transfer Elements Used in Tube-shell Heat Exchangers - Part 3: Wavy Tubes 5.4.3 Welded steel tube in GB/T 24593 and GB/T 21832 can be used as heat exchange tube only when they also meet the relevant requirements of 5.2 in GB 150.2-2011. 5.4.4 Zirconium and zirconium alloy seamless tubes can be used as heat exchange tubes only when they meet the requirements of tube materials for the heat exchangers for general industry. 41, https://www.ChineseStandard.us ‘SEARCH the standard TD, such as GB 4943.1-2022. 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