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Class 9 Chapter 8 Motion

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29 views7 pages

Class 9 Chapter 8 Motion

Uploaded by

tusitwinkle
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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class 9 Chapter 8: Motion

1: What do you mean by average speed? What are its


units?

Answer: Average speed is defined as the average distance


travelled per unit time and is obtained by dividing the total
distance travelled by the total time taken. The unit of average
speed is the same as that of the speed, that is, ms -1.

2: What is the difference between uniform velocity and


non-uniform velocity?

Answer: Uniform velocity: An object with uniform velocity


covers equal distances in equal intervals of time in a specified
direction, e.g., an object moving with speed of 40km h -1 towards
west has uniform velocity.

Non-uniform velocity: When an object covers unequal


distances in equal intervals of time in a specified direction, or if
the direction of motion changes, it is said to be moving with a
non-uniform or variable velocity, e.g., revolving fan at a constant
speed has variable velocity.

3: Differentiate between distance and displacement.


Answer:

Distance Displacement

It is the length of the actual path Displacement is the shortest distance between
covered by an object, irrespective of the initial and final positions of an object in a
its direction of motion. given direction.

Displacement is a vector quantity.


Distance is a scalar quantity Displacement may be positive negative or
zero.

Distance between two given points


Displacement between two given points is
may be same or different for different
always the same.
path chosen.

Distance covered can never be Displacement between two given points is


negative. It is always positive or zero. always the same.
4: What are the uses of a distance-time graph?

Answer: The various uses of a distance-time graph are as


follows:
(a) It tells us about the position of the body at any instant of time.
(b) From the graph, we can see the distance covered by the body
during a particular interval of time.
(c) It also gives us information about the velocity of the body at
any instant of time.

5: When will you say a body is in (i) uniform acceleration?


(ii) nonuniform acceleration?

Answer: (i) A body is said to be in uniform acceleration if it


travels in a straight line and its velocity increases or decreases by
equal amounts in equal intervals of time.

(ii) A body is said to be in nonuniform acceleration if the rate of


change of its velocity is not constant in equal intervals of time.

6: What is the nature of the distance-time graphs for


uniform and non-uniform motion of an object?

Answer: (a) When an object moves with uniform (constant)


speed, it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time. It will
make a straight line on distance-time graph making an angle with
time (x-axis) axis.

(b) For an object moving in a non-uniform motion will cover


unequal distances in equal intervals of time. It will be a curve on a
distance-time graph.
7: With the help of a graph, derive the relation v = u + at.

Answer: Consider the velocity-time graph of an object that


moves under uniform acceleration as shown in the figure (u≠0).

In this graph,
The initial velocity is represented by OA.
The final velocity is represented by BC.
The time interval t is represented by OC.
BD = BC – CD, represents the change in velocity in time interval t.
If we draw AD parallel to OC,
we observe that BC = BD + DC = BD + OA

Substituting, BC with v and OA with u, we get


v = BD + u
or, BD = v – u …(i)

the acceleration of the object is given by Change in velocity


a = (Change in velocity)/(Time Taken)
= BD/AD
= BD/OC

Substituting OC with t, we get

⇒ BD = at …(ii)
a = BD/t

From equations (i) and (ii), we have


v-u = at
or, v =u + at
8. An object has moved through a distance. Can it have
zero displacement? If yes, support your answer with an
example.

Solution

Yes, an object which has moved through a distance can have zero
displacement if it comes back to its initial position.

Example: If a person jogs in a circular park which is circular and


completes one round. His initial and final position is the same.

Hence, his displacement is zero.

9. Which of the following is true for displacement? (a) It


cannot be zero. (b) Its magnitude is greater than the
distance travelled by the object.

Solution

Neither of the statements is true.

(a) Given statement is false because the displacement of an


object which travels a certain distance and comes back to its
initial position is zero.

(b) Given statement is false because the displacement of an


object can be equal to, but never greater than the distance
travelled.

10. Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of average


velocity of an object equal to its average speed?

Since average speed is the total distance travelled in a time


frame and velocity is the total displacement in the time frame,
the magnitude of average velocity and average speed will be the
same when the total distance travelled is equal to the
displacement.
11. Distinguish between speed and velocity.

Solution

Velocity Speed

Velocity can be defined as the rate at The rate at which an object covers
which an object changes position in a a certain distance is known as
certain direction speed

The velocity of the object changes The average speed will continue to
with the change in direction, count even if the object changes
therefore the object must follow one direction
direction

Vector quantity Scalar quantity

Velocity can be zero, negative, or Speed can never be negative or


positive zero

12. What does the odometer of an automobile measure?

An odometer, or odograph, is a device that measures the distance


travelled by an automobile based on the perimeter of the wheel
as the wheel rotates.

13. What does the path of an object look like when it is in


uniform motion?

The path of an object in uniform motion is a straight line.


14. When will you say a body is in (i) uniform acceleration?
(ii) non-uniform acceleration?

Solution

Uniform Acceleration: When an object is travelling in a straight


line with an increase in velocity at equal intervals of time, then
the object is said to be in uniform acceleration.

The free-falling of an object is an example of uniform


acceleration.

Non-Uniform Acceleration: When an object is travelling with an


increase in velocity but not at equal intervals of time is known as
non-uniform acceleration.

Bus moving or leaving from the bus stop is an example of non-


uniform acceleration.

15. What can you say about the motion of an object whose
distance-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time
axis?

Solution

The distance-time graph can be plotted as follows.

When the slope of the distance-time graph is a straight line


parallel to the time axis, the object is at the same position as time
passes. That means the object is at rest.

16. What can you say about the motion of an object if its
speed-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time
axis?

The speed-time graph can be plotted as follows.

Since there is no change in the velocity of the object (Y-Axis


value) at any point of time (X-axis value), the object is said to be
in uniform motion.
17. What is the quantity which is measured by the area
occupied below the velocity-time graph?

Solution

The area under the velocity-time graph represents the total


displacement of the object.

18. State which of the following situations are possible


and give an example for each of these: (a) an object with a
constant acceleration but with zero velocity (b) an object
moving with an acceleration but with uniform speed. (c)
an object moving in a certain direction with an
acceleration in the perpendicular direction.

Solution

(a) It is possible; an object thrown up into the air has a constant


acceleration due to gravity acting on it. However, when it reaches
its maximum height, its velocity is zero.

(b) it is possible; acceleration implies an increase or decrease in


speed, and uniform speed implies that the speed does not change
over time

Circular motion is an example of an object moving with


acceleration but with uniform speed.

An object moving in a circular path with uniform speed is still


under acceleration because the velocity changes due to
continuous changes in the direction of motion.

(c) It is possible; for an object accelerating in a circular trajectory,


the acceleration is perpendicular to the direction followed by the
object.

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