Internship Project Report on

“Web Wizards Guild”

Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By
A.Pradeep Reddy 22311A04AM

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr. Vikram Palodiya
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous)
Yamnampet (V), Ghatkesar (M), Hyderabad – 501 301 (2024-25)
 SREENIDHI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad) Yamnampet (V),

Ghatkesar (M), Hyderabad – 501 301

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Web Wizards Guild” is being submitted by
A.Pradeepreddy (22311A04AM) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering to
Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Hyderabad (Telangana). This record is a bona fide work carried
out by them under our guidance and supervision. The results embodied in the report have not been
submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of any Degree or Diploma.

Dr. S. P. V. Subba Rao Dr. Vikram Palodiya

Professor Assistant Professor

HoD ECE Department Internship Coordinator

External Examiner
Date:-

1
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work described in this thesis titled “Web Wizards Guild”
which is being submitted by me in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of
Technology in the Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute Of Science and Technology is the result of
investigations carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. Vikram Palodiya ,
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and
Technology, Hyderabad.

No part of the thesis is copied from books/ journals/ internet and whenever the
portion is taken, the same has been duly referred. The report is based on the
project work done entirely by me and not copied from any other source. The work
is original and has not been submitted for any Degree/Diploma of this or any other
University.

Place: Hyderabad

A.Pradeep Reddy 22311A04AM

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to all the people behind the screen who helped
me to transform an idea into a real application.

I would like to thank my Project coordinator, Dr. Vikram Palodiya sir for her
technical guidance, constant encouragement and support in carrying out my project
at college.

I profoundly thank Dr. S. P. V. Subba Rao sir, Head of the Department of

Electronics and Communications Engineering who has been an excellent guide and
also a great source of inspiration to my work.

I would like to express my heart-felt gratitude to my parents without whom I would

not have been privileged to achieve and fulfill my dreams. I am grateful to our
principal, Dr. T. Ch. Siva Reddy sir, who most ably runs the institution and has
had the major hand in enabling me to do my project.

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of the
task would be great but incomplete without the mention of the people who made
it possible with their constant guidance and encouragement crowns all the efforts
with success. In this context, I would like to thank all the other staff members, both
teaching and non-teaching, who have extended their timely help and eased my
task.

A.Pradeep Reddy

22311A04AM

3
CERTIFICATE

4
 ABSTRACT

Currently the development and creation of websites is imposed on the world as a

technological tool to unite the regions, create businesses, support companies, be displayed
in the market and infinity of applications according to the perspectives of people and their
scope, finding on the internet, a vital source of job creation, efficient and intelligent
businesses and great help in achieving objectives and approaches.
Web development in recent decades has been transforming and driving the
evolution of the Internet, every day greater progress on this issue, directly involving the
ingenuity of the developer on the subject.
With the passing of time, new steps are being taken in search of a more stable,
creative and efficient web environment where user interaction with the network is simple
and practical for users.
The web entrepreneur must know deeply about the design of virtual spaces, having
clear the minimum requirements for the creation of sites, where the priority is the
information and the use of it creating rapid and efficient exchange methods, to carry out
projects that comply with the required guidelines; One of the tasks is to create systems that
generate solutions to problems related to communication, currently based on the use of the
Internet.
In order for websites to be dynamic and efficient, very specific and relevant aspects
must be taken into account for the proper use of this technology, both the technical part and
the use of external resources, it is not the same to see a website in the city where data
transfer resources are high to visualize it in rural environments where resources are limited
or nonexistent, this is one of the great risks that are faced, which can lead to losing interest
in it because it is not accessible , so the planning is vital for the good performance of the
same in environments of different characteristics being just one of the problems that can
affect the creation of a website.

5
 Index
Chapter 1 Introduction to Web Development

1.1 Introduction to Web Development

Chapter 2 Web Development Overview

2.1 The Architecture of a PHP Web Application

Chapter 3 Introduction to HTML

3.1 Basics of HTML

3.2 HTML Lists
3.3 HTML Forms

Chapter 4 Cascading Style Sheets(CSS)

4.1 Why Use CSS?

4.2 Inline CSS
4.3 Internal CSS
4.4 External CSS
4.5 CSS Syntax
4.6 CSS Selectors

Chapter 5 JAVASCRIPT

5.1 Why JavaScript?

5.2 What JavaScript can do?

Chapter 6 PHP(HyperText Pre-Processor)

Chapter 7 Project Discussion and Snapshots

7.1 Technologies Used

7.2 Software Requried
7.3 Snapshots

Chapter 8 WEEKLY JOBS SUMMARY

Chapter 9 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES

6
 Chapter 1

Introduction to Web Development

Among web professionals, "web development" usually refers to the main non-design
aspects of building web sites: writing markup and coding. Web development may use content
management systems (CMS) to make content changes easier and available with basic technical
skills.

Web development can range from developing a simple single static page of plain text to
complex web-based internet applications (web apps), electronic businesses, and social network
services. A more comprehensive list of tasks to which web development commonly refers, may
include web engineering, web design, web content development, client liaison, client-
side/server-side scripting, web server and network security configuration, and ecommerce
development.

DEFINATION: Web development is the work involved in developing a web site for the Internet
(World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network).

For larger organizations and businesses, web development teams can consist of hundreds
of people (web developers) and follow standard methods like Agile methodologies while
developing websites. Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or contracting
developer, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a graphic designer or
information systems technician. Web development may be a collaborative effort between
departments rather than the domain of a designated department.

7
1.1 WHY WEB DEVELOPMENT?

To answer this question, we should look at two issues:

(1). What are the goals of Web Development

(2). Why these goals are important and desirable

1.1.1 The Goals of Web Development

One of the greatest advances in technological tools has been the use of the Internet, due to
its rapid reception, its transfer speeds and the effectiveness of resources, since access to its
different applications is almost immediate, information of any content can be found , in any
class and of any kind, it is important to set clear goals and objectives, in the creation of
websites defining the service and use that will be given to the information, having a clear
vision of the type of audience that will host these pages and will be potential users of them.
Currently the development and creation of websites is imposed on the world as a
technological tool to unite the regions, create businesses, support companies, be displayed
in the market and infinity of applications according to the perspectives of people and their
scope, finding on the internet, a vital source of job creation, efficient and intelligent
businesses and great help in achieving objectives and approaches. Web development in
recent decades has been transforming and driving the evolution of the Internet, every day
greater progress on this issue, directly involving the ingenuity of the developer on the
subject.
With the passing of time, new steps are being taken in search of a more stable, creative and
efficient web environment where user interaction with the network is simple and practical
for users.

8
1.1.2 Why the goals of Web-D are important and desirable.

It is self-evident that the goals of Web-D are important and desirable. However, we still
give some more supporting argument to this issue.
First of all, the web entrepreneur must know deeply about the design of virtual spaces,
having clear the minimum requirements for the creation of sites, where the priority is the
information and the use of it creating rapid and efficient exchange methods, to carry out
projects that comply with the required guidelines; One of the tasks is to create systems that
generate solutions to problems related to communication, currently based on the use of the
Internet.

In order for websites to be dynamic and efficient, very specific and relevant aspects must
be taken into account for the proper use of this technology, both the technical part and the
use of external resources, it is not the same to see a website in the city where data transfer
resources are high to visualize it in rural environments where resources are limited or
nonexistent, this is one of the great risks that are faced, which can lead to losing interest in
it because it is not accessible , so the planning is vital for the good performance of the same
in environments of different characteristics being just one of the problems that can affect
the creation of a website.
The implementation of new updates, allow developers to be proactive in the solution and
implementation of new designs more effective and competitive, leading by new directions
in search of a final product according to the needs of each new user, where the marketing
of These pages require web designers innovation in creation. You should have ideas that
awaken in the users an interest when exploring these proposals.
The stages of development of current websites and their programming languages are very
complex because of their extensive and varied code. Therefore, it is necessary to know
tools that are currently available to dynamically develop web pages.
For the initiation of website design it is very important to have knowledge bases in the use
of the programming language, both in HTML and other tools such as PHP, JAVASCRIPT,
Dreamweaver, among others. They are a very interesting tool that induces joint work in the
wonderful world of web page design, with the appropriation and correct handling of the
tools, you can get to operate innovative and creative designs when marketing and offering
the products made.

9
 Chapter 2
Web Development Overview

There are two broad divisions of web development – (1)

Front-end development (also called client-side development)

(2) Back-end development (also called server-side development).

Front-end development refers to constructing what a user sees when they load a web
application – the content, design and how you interact with it. This is done with three codes
– HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

• HTML – All code in a web application is eventually translated to HTML. It’s the language
that web browsers understand and use to display information to users. A web developer’s
understanding of HTML is analogous to a carpenter’s understanding of a screwdriver. It’s
so important and necessary that it’s often assumed for employment.

• CSS – By itself, HTML is quite plain. HTML does provide some basic style options, but
to build a good frontend, developers must have experience with CSS. CSS provides the
paint, templates, glitter, buttons, tassel, lights, and many other things that can be used to
improve the presentation of a web page. CSS is so commonly used that languages have
been built to make writing CSS easier. These languages – like Sass and LESS – are also
known as CSS precompilers, but they are simply used to write more efficient and
manageable CSS code.

• JavaScript – If you could only learn one language in your lifetime, you’d be welladvised
to choose JavaScript. Though it’s not exclusively a frontend language, that’s where it’s
most commonly used. JavaScript is a language that is run on a client machine,
i.e. a user’s computer. This means that JavaScript can be used to program fast, intuitive and
fun user experiences, without forcing a user to refresh their web page. Drag-anddrop,
infinite-scroll and videos that come to life on a web page can all be programmed with
JavaScript. Frameworks like Angular, Ember, React and Backbone are all very widely used
for JavaScript-heavy frontends.

10
 Here’s an example. Say you log into your Facebook account, and you are greeted with
the latest updates in your News Feed. They’re not going to be the same updates that you
saw yesterday.

How did the page change? Did a Facebook employee manually edit the page to update
your news feed? Of course not. A script on the Facebook back-end would have received
the updates and re-generated the front-end accordingly.
Back-end scripts are written in many different coding languages and frameworks, such as…

• PHP
• Ruby on Rails
• ASP.NET
• Perl
• Java
• Node.js
• Python

Back-end Development is the term used for the behind-the-scenes activities that happen
when performing any action on a website. It can be logging in to your account or purchasing
a watch from an online store.

Backend developer focuses on databases, scripting, and the architecture of websites. Code
written by back-end developers helps to communicate the database information to the
browser. Most common example of Backend programming is when you are reading an
article on the blog. The fonts, colors, designs, etc. constitute the frontend of this page.
While the content of the article is rendered from a server and fetched from a database.
This is the backend part of the application

The backend of a web application is an enabler for a frontend experience. An application’s

frontend may be the most beautifully crafted web page, but if the application itself doesn’t
work, the application will be a failure. The backend of an application is responsible for
things like calculations, business logic, database interactions, and performance. Most of the
code that is required to make an application work will be done on the backend. Backend
code is run on the server, as opposed to the client. This means that backend developers not

11
 only need to understand programming languages and databases, but they must have an
understanding of server architecture as well. If an application is slow, crashes often, or
constantly throws errors at users, it’s likely because of backend problems.

Backend development is not all ones and zeros though. Much like frontend development,
backend development has a human aspect to it as well. Since most of the code for an
application is written on the backend, it should be easy to understand and work with. Most
backend languages – like Ruby and Python – have standardized styles and idioms that make
reading and writing code more efficient and enjoyable.

2.1 The Architecture of a PHP Web Application

12
 Chapter-3
INTRODUCTION TO HTML

HTML is a Hypertext MarkupLanguage for describing web documents (web pages).

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

• HTML describes the structure of a Web page
• HTML consists of a series of elements
• HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
• HTML elements are represented by tags
• HTML tags label pieces of content such as "heading", "paragraph", "table", and so on
• Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to render the content of the page

Basics of HTML

Syntax:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>Paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>

Syntax Explained:

• The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines this document to be HTML5

• The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
• The <head> element contains meta information about the document
• The <title> element specifies a title for the document
• The <body> element contains the visible page content
• The <h1> element defines a large heading
• The <p> element defines a paragraph

13
Paragraphs Tag: The <p> tag defines a paragraph. Browsers automatically add some
space (margin) before and after each <p> element. The margins can be modified with CSS
(with the margin properties).

Line Breaks: The <br> tag inserts a single line break. The <br> tag is an empty tag which
means that it has no end tag.

Headings: Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.<h1> defines the most
important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.

Strong and Emphasized text: The <em> tag is a phrase tag. It renders as emphasized text.
The <strong> tag defines important text.

Html Formatting Tag: HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold
and italic text respectively.

HTML Lists

Unordered HTML Lists: An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts
with the <li> tag. The list items will be marked with bullets (small black circles).

Ordered HTML Lists: An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with
the <li> tag. The list items will be marked with numbers.

HTML Description Lists: A description list , is a list of terms, with a description of each
term. The <dl> tag defines a description list. The <dt> tag defines the term (name), and the
<dd> tag defines the data (description).

HTML Images: In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag. The <img> tag is
empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag. The src attribute defines
the url (web address) of the image

Syntax:-<img src="url" alt="some_text">

14
HTML Links: HTML links are hyperlinks. A hyperlink is an element, a text, or an image
that you can click on, and jump to another document.

Syntax:-<a href="url">link text</a>

HTML Tables: Tables are defined with the <table> tag. Tables are divided into table rows
with the <tr> tag. Table rows are divided into table data with the <td> tag. A table row
can also be divided into table headings with the <th> tag.

HTML Forms

HTML forms are used to pass data to a server. An HTML form can contain input elements
like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also
contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements. The <form> tag is used
to create an HTML form:

<form> input
elements </form>

The Input Element: The most important form element is the <input> element. The
<input> element is used to select user information. An <input> element can vary in many
ways, depending on the type attribute. An <input> element can be of type text field,
checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more. The most common input
types are described below:

<input type="text"> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:

Example:

<form>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname"><br/>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname">
</form>
Output:

15
Password Field: <input type="password"> defines a password field:

Example:

<form>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd">
</form>

Output:

Radio Buttons: <input type="radio"> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user
select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:

Example:

<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male">Male<br/>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female">Female
</form>
Output:

Checkboxes Buttons: <input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a

user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.

Example:
16
<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike">I have a bike<br/>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car">I have a car
</form>

Output:

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:

Example:

<h1>This is heading 1</h1>

<h2>This is heading 2</h2>

<h3>This is heading 3</h3>

<h4>This is heading 4</h4>

<h5>This is heading 5</h5>

<h6>This is heading 6</h6>

Output:

17
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements Example:

<a href="#">This is a link</a>

Output:

18
 Chapter-4
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

• CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other
media
• CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
External stylesheets are stored in CSS files

Why Use CSS?

CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including the design, layout and variations
in display for different devices and screen sizes.

HTML was NEVER intended to contain tags for formatting a web page!

HTML was created to describe the content of a web page, like:

<h1>This is a heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

When tags like <font>, and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it
started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large websites, where fonts and
color information were added to every single page, became a long and expensive process.

To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created CSS.

CSS removed the style formatting from the HTML page!

CSS is mainly of 3 types:-

19
1. Inline CSS.
2. Internal CSS.
3. External CSS.

Inline CSS
I have not mentioned them until now because in a way they defeat the purpose of using
CSS in the first place. Inline styles are defined right in the (X)HTML file alongside the
element you want to style.
See example below.
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<p style=”color:blue”>hello</p> <h1
style=”font-family:arial”>Baby</h1>
</body>
</html>

Internal Css
First we will explore the internal method. This way you are simply placing the CSS code
within the <head></head> tags of each (X)HTML file you want to style with the CSS.
The format for this is shown in the example below.
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1{
Color:blue;
Font-family:Times new Roman;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>HTML stands for Hyper Text markup language</h1>
</body>
</html>

20
External CSS
An external CSS file can be created with any text or HTML editor such as "Notepad" or
"Dreamweaver". A CSS file contains no (X) HTML, only CSS. You simply save it with the
.css file extension. You can link to the file externally by placing one of the following links
in the head section of every (X)HTML file you want to style with the CSS file.

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Path To stylesheet.css" />

By using an external style sheet, all of your (X)HTML files link to one CSS file in order to
style the pages. This means, that if you need to alter the design of all your pages, you only
need to edit one .css file to make global changes to your entire website. Here are a few
reasons this is better. (1) Easier Maintenance
(2) Reduced File Size
(3) Reduced Bandwidth
(4) Improved Flexibility

CSS Syntax
A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:

The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.

The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.

Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.

A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration blocks are surrounded
by curly braces.

21
 Example

In this example all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a red text color:
p { color: red;
text-align: center;
}

Output:

CSS Selectors
CSS selectors are used to "find" (or select) the HTML elements you want to style.

We can divide CSS selectors into five categories:

• Simple selectors (select elements based on name, id, class)

• Combinator selectors (select elements based on a specific relationship between them)
• Pseudo-class selectors (select elements based on a certain state)
• Pseudo-elements selectors (select and style a part of an element)
• Attribute selectors (select elements based on an attribute or attribute value)

Note: The universal selector (*) selects all HTML elements on the page.

Example The CSS rule below will affect every HTML element on the page:

* { text-align:
center; color:
blue;
}

22
 Chapter-5

JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript was released by Netscape and Sun Microsystems in 1995. However, JavaScript
is not the same thing as Java.

It is a programming language. It is an interpreted language. It is object-based programming.

It is widely used and supported. It is accessible to the beginner.

Why JavaScript ?

JavaScript is one of the 3 languages all web developers must learn:

1. HTML to define the content of web pages

2. CSS to specify the layout of web pages

3. JavaScript to program the behavior of web pages

Web pages are not the only place where JavaScript is used. Many desktop and server
programs use JavaScript. Node.js is the best known. Some databases, like MongoDB and
CouchDB, also use JavaScript as their programming language.

Uses of JavaScript
• Use it to add multimedia elements
With JavaScript you can show, hide, change, resize images, and create image rollovers.
You can create scrolling text across the status bar.
• Create pages dynamically
Based on the user's choices, the date, or other external data, JavaScript can produce pages
that are customized to the user.
• Interact with the user

23
It can do some processing of forms and can validate user input when the user submits the
form.

Writing JavaScript
JavaScript code is typically embedded in the HTML, to be interpreted and run by the client's
browser. Here are some tips to remember when writing JavaScript commands.
• JavaScript code is case sensitive
• White space between words and tabs are ignored
• Line breaks are ignored except within a statement
• JavaScript statements end with a semi colon (;)

What JavaScript can do?

1. JavaScript Can Change HTML Content
One of many JavaScript HTML methods is getElementById().
This example uses the method to "find" an HTML element (with id="demo") and
changes the element content (innerHTML) to "Hello JavaScript":

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello JavaScript";

2. JavaScript Can Change HTML Styles (CSS)

Changing the style of an HTML element, is a variant of changing an HTML attribute:

document.getElementById("demo").style.fontSize = "35px";

3. JavaScript Can Hide HTML Elements

Hiding HTML elements can be done by changing the display style:

document.getElementById("demo").style.display = "none";

The <script> Tag

In HTML, JavaScript code must be inserted between <script> and </script> tags.

<script>
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "My First JavaScript"; </script>
24
JavaScript in <head> or <body>
You can place any number of scripts in an HTML document.

Scripts can be placed in the <body>, or in the <head> section of an HTML page, or in
both.

JavaScript in <head>

In this example, a JavaScript function is placed in the <head> section of an HTML page.

The function is invoked (called) when a button is clicked:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head> <script>
function myFunction() {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Paragraph After."; }
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>A Web Page</h1>
<p id="demo">Paragraph Before</p>
<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>
</body> </html>

Output:

External JavaScript

Scripts can also be placed in external files:

25
External file: myScript.js

function myFunction() {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Paragraph changed.";
}

External scripts are practical when the same code is used in many different web pages.
JavaScript files have the file extension .js. To use an external script, put the name of the
script file in the src (source) attribute of a <script> tag:

Example
<script src="myScript.js"></script>

You can place an external script reference in <head> or <body> as you like. The script will
behave as if it was located exactly where the <script> tag is located. External scripts cannot
contain <script> tags.

External JavaScript Advantages

Placing scripts in external files has some advantages:

• It separates HTML and code

• It makes HTML and JavaScript easier to read and maintain
Cached JavaScript files can speed up page loads

To add several script files to one page - use several script tags:

Example
<script src="myScript1.js"></script>
<script src="myScript2.js"></script>
External References

External scripts can be referenced with a full URL or with a path relative to the current web
page. This example uses a full URL to link to a script:

Example
<script src="https://www.w3schools.com/js/myScript1.js"></script>

26
 Chapter-6
PHP (HyperText Pre-Processor)

What is PHP?

• PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"

• PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
• PHP scripts are executed on the server
• PHP is free to download and use

PHP is an amazing and popular language. It is powerful enough to be at the core of the
biggest blogging system on the web (WordPress). It is deep enough to run the largest social
network (Facebook). It is also easy enough to be a beginner's first server side language.

What is a PHP File?

• PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
• PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain
HTML
• PHP files have extension ".php" What Can PHP Do?

• PHP can generate dynamic page content

• PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
• PHP can collect form data
• PHP can send and receive cookies
• PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
• PHP can be used to control user-access
• PHP can encrypt data
With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even
flash movies. You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.

27
 Why PHP?

• PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
• PHP supports a wide range of databases
• PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net
• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side

What's new in PHP 7

• PHP 7 is much faster than the previous popular stable release (PHP 5.6)
• PHP 7 has improved Error Handling
• PHP 7 supports stricter Type Declarations for function arguments
• PHP 7 supports new operators (like the spaceship operator: <=> )

Instead of lots of commands to output HTML (as seen in C or Perl), PHP pages contain
HTML with embedded code that does "something" (in this case, output "Hi, I'm a PHP
script!"). The PHP code is enclosed in special start and end processing instructions <?php
and ?> that allow you to jump into and out of "PHP mode." What distinguishes PHP from
something like client-side JavaScript is that the code is executed on the server, generating
HTML which is then sent to the client. The client would receive the results of running that
script, but would not know what the underlying code was. You can even configure your
web server to process all your HTML files with PHP, and then there's really no way that
users can tell what you have up your sleeve.

The best things in using PHP are that it is extremely simple for a newcomer, but offers
many advanced features for a professional programmer. Don't be afraid reading the long
list of PHP's features. You can jump in, in a short time, and start writing simple scripts in a
few hours. Although PHP's development is focused on server-side scripting, you can do
much more with it.

A PHP script is executed on the server, and the plain HTML result is sent back to the
browser.

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Basic PHP Syntax

A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. A PHP script starts with <?php and
ends with ?>:

<?php
// PHP code goes here ?>

The default file extension for PHP files is ".php". A PHP file normally contains HTML tags,
and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP
script that uses a built-in PHP function "echo" to output the text "Hello World!" on a web
page:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My first PHP page</h1>

<?php echo "Hello

World!";
?>

</body>
</html>
Note: PHP statements end with a semicolon (;).
PHP Case Sensitivity

In PHP, NO keywords (e.g. if, else, while, echo, etc.), classes, functions, and user-defined
functions are case-sensitive. In the example below, all three echo statements below are
equal and legal:
Example
29
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
ECHO "Hello World!<br>";
echo "Hello World!<br>";
EcHo "Hello World!<br>";
?>
</body>
</html>

Look at the example below; only the first statement will display the value of the $color
variable! This is because $color, $COLOR, and $coLOR are treated as three different
variables:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$color = "red"; echo "My car is " . $color
. "<br>"; echo "My house is " . $COLOR
. "<br>"; echo "My boat is " . $coLOR .
"<br>";
?>

</body>
</html>

30
 Chapter-7
Project Discussion and Snapshots

Today Online Examination System has become a fast growing examination method
because of its speed and accuracy. It is also needed less manpower to execute the
examination. Almost all organizations now-a-days, are conducting their objective exams
by online examination system, it saves students time in examinations. Organizations can
also easily check the performance of the student that they give in an examination. As a
result of this, organizations are releasing results in less time. It also helps the environment
by saving paper.
According to today’s requirement, online examination project in php is very useful to
learn it.

What is an Online Examination System?

In an online examination system examine get their user id and password with his/her admit
card. This id is already saved in the examination server. When examine login to the server
he/she get his/her profile already register. On the certain time examine gets the message to
start the examination. All answers given by examine are saved into the server with his/her
profile information. Online examination system also allows to correct the answer if the
examine needed to change any answer in the examination time duration, however, after the
time duration any change will not allow. This also makes c checking the answer easy and
error proof as computers are more accurate than man and provide fast results too. Php is a
web base language so we can create an online examination system in PHP.

Administrator of Online Examination has multiple features such as Add, Delete, Update
Topics and Question.
To Login as Admin put inside your browser "www.applicationname/admin"
The user will automatically get the updated version by logging using the user ID
and Password provided at the time of registration.
No need of reprinting, appearance, vigilance and the job is done.

31
Online examination system features
1. Login system must be present and secured by password.
2. Ability to save the answer given by the candidate along with the question.
3. Answer checking system should be available.
4. Could Update Profile
5. Log out after the over.
6. Admin Panel

Project objective:
Online examination system is a non removable examination pattern of today’s life. We need
more time saving and more accurate examination system as the number of applicants is
increasing day by day. For all IT students and professionals, it is very important to have
some basic understanding about the online examination system.

TECHNOLOGIES USED
1. Tools to Be Used
• Database design:- MySQL
• Website design:- Bootstrap with Custom Designing using CSS3, Wordpress
• Coding(logic):- PHP and JavaScript
• Server:- XAMPP
• Platform:- Windows
• Application:-Notepad++

2. Requirements and setting up system for PHP development

What we need to know:
Designing part of the website is done with the help of Bootstrap 4.0 and CSS3 and
for the database designing we use My SQL
• What we need to have (System Requirements):
To run Website we need a browser and to code we need application like
Notepad++,atom, etc.
32
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
1. Software Requirements
Initially we need to have a development machine that is running any of the following
operating systems:
• Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7, 8 Development environment
(Notepad++).
• XAMPP server.

2. Software Requirement Analysis: The software requirement specification is produced

at the culmination of the analysis task. The function and performance allocated to
software as part of system engineering are refined by establishing a complete
information description, a detailed functional description, a representation of system
behavior, an indication of performance requirement and design constraints appropriate
validation criteria, and other information pertinent to requirement.

The introduction to software requirements specification states the goals and objectives
of the software, describing it in the context of the computer based system. The
Information Description provides a detailed description of the problem that the
software must solve. Information content, flow and structure are documented.

33
SNAPSHOTS
1) Home Page

2) Registration Page

34
3) LogIn page for an Adminstrator

4) Dashboard for creating the test with Test_name and Description about the test

35
5) Creating Multiple Choice Questions

6) Giving the Online Test as an registered user

36
7) Result Page after giving the online test

8) Varity of tests to choose from

37
WEEKLY REPORT
WEEK: 1

Description of activity, task, duty or Performed with Performed Time Spent

responsibility team Alone

Introduction to HTML Yes 1 lecture

Basic Tags and HTML Lists Yes 1 lecture

HTML Tables and Attributes Yes 1 lecture

Introduction to Forms and Form Yes 1 lecture

Validation

List one thing that went particularly well this week (area of improvement, new task,
etc.) =>HTML overview and basics of Front-End Web Development

List one thing that was the most challenging this week (issue, problem, difficulty, etc.)
=>It’s all related to basics

List one way you can improve your performance:

=>By practicing HTML

38
WEEK: 2
Description of activity, task, duty or Performed with Performed Time Spent
responsibility team Alone

CSS Basics Yes 1 lecture

Floating Yes 1 lecture

Styling Texts Yes 1 lecture

Text and Fonts using Google Fonts Yes 1 lecture

List one thing that went particularly well this week (area of improvement, new task,
etc.)
=>Floating is quite interesting

List one thing that was the most challenging this week (issue, problem, difficulty,
etc.)
=>There was some issue in understanding up the float property

List one way you can improve your performance:

=>By practicing

39
WEEK: 3

Description of activity,task,duty or Performed with Performed Time Spent

responsibility team Alone

Introduction To Javascript Section Yes 1 lecture

Manipulating Styles With Javascript Yes 1 lecture

If else and Loops Yes 1 lecture

Functions and External JS Yes 1 lecture

List one thing that went particularly well this week (area of improvement, new task,
etc.)
=>JavaScript Functions was pretty interesting topic

List one thing that was the most challenging this week (issue, problem, difficulty,
etc.)
=>There were some difficulties in Control Flow in JavaScript

List one way you can improve your performance:

=>By optimizing the algorithms in JS

40
WEEK: 4
Description of activity,task,duty or Performed with Performed Time Spent
responsibility team Alone

Introduction To jQuery Section Yes 1 lecture

Changing Websi te Content Yes 1 lecture

Animating Cont ent Yes 1 lecture

Regular Express ions and Yes 1 lecture

Form Validation

List one thing that went particularly well this week (area of improvement, new task,
etc.) =>Animation was a pretty new concept

List one thing that was the most challenging this week (issue, problem, difficulty,
etc.) => =>There were some difficulties in Draggables & Resizables

List one way you can improve your performance:

=>By analyzing AJAX

41
WEEK: 5

Description of activity,task,duty or Performed with Performed Time Spent

responsibility team Alone

Introduction To PHP Yes 1 lecture

GET and POST variables Yes 1 lecture

Loops in PHP Yes 1 lecture

Introduction to phpMyAdmin Yes 1 lecture

List one thing that went particularly well this week (area of improvement, new task,
etc.) => phpMySQL was easy

List one thing that was the most challenging this week (issue, problem, difficulty,
etc.) => There were some difficulties in GET and POST variables

List one way you can improve your performance:

=>By analyzing the problems in GET and POST variables

42
 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

From this summer training and the project, we are able to experience a technology

which is Web Development. We are confident enough to tack the real-life problems

or task based on the supervised and unsupervised learning. A website is the

representation of the business online. These days, every business realizes the need for

having a website and are putting in efforts to design and develop the best site for

taking their products or services online. This is where we can see a great deal of scope

for web development and design.

With the tremendous progress in the launch of websites, people who can create

exemplary designs and platforms for their online presence is what businesses are

searching for. Web developers and designers are bringing in all the best of their

technical expertise and skills to develop and unique design websites that are and

capable of pulling the crowd.

Most web developers and designers are familiar with the latest tools, techniques,

technologies, and frameworks that will help them get beautiful sites up in a short

span of time. The development time of websites has come down with the agile

technologies that make development easier. Here, we will cover the scope and future

of web development.
43
 REFERENCES

1. HTML (HyperText Markup Language):

W3Schools: https://www.w3schools.com/
MDN Web Docs: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML
FreeCodeCamp Guides: [invalid URL removed]
2. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):
W3Schools: https://www.w3schools.com/css/
MDN Web Docs: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS
Codrops CSS Reference: https://tympanus.net/codrops/css_reference/
3. JavaScript:
W3Schools: https://www.w3schools.com/js/
GitHub: https://github.com/
4. SQL (Structured Query Language): (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server)
5. NoSQL: (MongoDB, Cassandra)
6. Stack Overflow: https://stackoverflow.com/
7. DevDocs: https://devdocs.io/
8. Bootstrap: https://getbootstrap.com/
9. Materialize: https://materializecss.com/
10. Tailwind CSS: https://tailwindcss.com/
11. The Odin Project: https://www.theodinproject.com/
12. Codecademy: https://www.codecademy.com/
13. Old Projects:
14. Documantations:

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