II PUC COMPUTER SCIENCE

DBMS FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those given in brackets.
(Repeated answers will not be considered)

(Security, Redundancy, DBMS, Database, Table)

1. Collection of rows and columns is called as
2. is a collection of interrelated data.
3. Data duplication is called as .
4. is a software for creating and managing databases.
5. Protection of data is the .

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those given
in brackets.
(ISAM, Database, Data mining, Key, Schema)

1. is a collection of logically related data organized in a way that

data can be easily accessed, managed & updated.
2. is a set of one or more columns whose combined values are unique
among all occurrences in a given table.
3. ___________is the hybrid between sequential and direct access file
organization.
4.
Database objects that contain data govern or perform operation on data is
5. A technique which is concerned with the analysis &
picking out relevant informationis called ____
6.

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those given
in brackets.
 (Physical data independence, Hierarchical data model, DBMS,One-tier
architecture, ER Diagram)
1. allows creation, definition & manipulation of database.
2. is a visual representation of data that describes how data is related
toeach other.
3. is an ability of a database to modify a schema definition at internal
levelwithout affecting a schema in the next level.
4. organizes the data in a tree like structure in which each child node
canhave only one parent node.
5. In , DBMS is the only entity where user directly sits on DBMS
&uses it.

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin
brackets.
(Specialization, Metadata, Data integrity, Attribute, Relational
data model)

1. Each column is identified by a distinct header is called

2. refers to the validity of data & it can be compromised in a number
of ways
3. In , there are no physical links.
4. is a top down approach in which one higher level entity can be
brokendown into two lower level entities.
5. is used to inform operators and uses of the data warehouses aboutits
status.

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin brackets.
(Domain, Normalization, Aggregration, Data warehouse, Data processing)
1. is series of actions or operations from input data to generate
outputs.
2. Set of values for an attribute in that table is called as
 3. A process when relation between two entities is treated as a single entity is called
_____________
4. The process of organizing the data in a database is called
5. A repository of an organization’s electronically stored data is called

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin brackets.
( Field, Tuple, File, Table, Primary Key)
1. ______________ is also called as record.
2. Each column is identified by distinct header______________
3. _____________ is a collection of rows and columns.
4. _____________________ uniquely identifies each record in a table.
5. __________________ is the basic unit of storage in computer system.

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin brackets.
( Database, Record, Normalization, Information, Data Mining)
1. A single entry in the table is called ________________________
2. _________________ is a collection of logically related data.
3. ____________________ is a process of organizing the data in a database.
4. ____________ is processed data.
5. Process of extracting knowledge from collected data is ____________
Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin brackets.
( Data Warehouse, Alternate Key, Foreign Key, Data Model, DBMS)
1. ________________ is a repository of organization’s electronically stored data.
2. _________________ key combines two database tables.
3. ____________________ describes how the data is represented and used.
4. Key which is not selected as primary key is ________________________.
5. _____________________ is a software which allows creation, definition &
manipulation of database.

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin brackets.
( Meta data. Generalization, Database, Data Mining, Staging)
1. Process of cleaning standardized and loading data repository is called
_______________
2. ____________ is concerned with the analysis of picking relevant information from the
collected data .
3. Data about data is ____________________.
4. ___________________ combines two lower level entity to form higher level entity.
5. __________________ is collection of inter related data.

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin brackets.
( Data redundancy, Tuple, Ordinality, Serial File organization, Domain)

1. Records are stored in chronological order in _______________

2. The duplication of data is called ____________________________
3. A set of values for an attribute in each column is ____________________
4. Each row in a table is called _______________________
5. __________________ refers to the minimum number of relationship in an entity.

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those given in brackets.
( Data Independence, Centralized data management, One-tier, Attribute, Table)
 1. _______________________ is the architecture where user directly sits on DBMS and
uses it.
2. Ability of a database to modify a schema definition at one level without affecting
another level
____________________________
3. Each column is identified by distinct header is called ____________________
4. Data sharing in database is easy because of _______________________
5. Collection of rows and column is called________________________

II. Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those given in brackets.
(Physical data independence, Hierarchical data model, DBMS, One-tier architecture,
ER Diagram)
1. ________ allows creation, definition & manipulation of database.
2. ________ s a visual representation of data that describes how data is related to each other.
3. ________ is an ability of a database to modify a schema definition at internal
level without affecting a schema in the next level.
4. ________ organizes the data in a tree like structure in which each child node can
have only one parent node.
5.. ________, DBMS is the only entity where user directly sits on DBMS & uses it.

II Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those given in brackets.
(Entity, Mining, Tuple, Attribute, Table)
1. Row of a table is called as ________,
2________, is a collection of interrelated data.
3. Property or characteristics of an entity is called ________,
4________, is extracting knowledge from large amount of data.
5. Rectangle shape is used to represent an ________, in E-R diagram
Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin
brackets. (Data processing, Data, Character, File organization, Number )

1. ________, is a raw facts and figures

2________, is a method of converting data into information.
3. The systematic arrangement of content of a file is called ________,
4 A data type used for text data is________,
5. ________, type is used for numerical data in DBMS.

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin brackets.
(Tuple, data mining, relation, data warehouse, date )

1. ____________is a central repository of current and historical data.

2. __________is a pre defined row/column format.
3. Each row of a relation is called________
4. _________is a discovery of knowledge from collected data.
5 _________is one of the DBMS data type.

II Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those given in brackets.
(DBA,1-tier, primary key, Attribute, Candidate key)

1._________identifies each row of a table uniquely.

2._________key is elgible to become primary key.
3._______is a super user who creates and manages database.
4. In___________arcitecture an user directly interacts with database.
5.Characteristics of an entity is called_________

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those given in brackets.
(Information, DBMS, Schema, Diamond, Data base)
1. The structure of database is called as ________

2.__________is the processed data is called.

3__________is a software for creating and managing database.

4._________is the symbol used to represent relationship in E-R Diagram.

5.Group of tables is a _______

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those given in brackets.
(Record ,Primary key,character,Ordinality,Domain)

1. Each column of a table is called________

2. A data type used for text data is __________

3______-is a set of all permissible values for the attribute.

4.___________identifies each row of a table uniquely.

5________means maximum number of times association between two entities.

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those given in brackets.
(MS-acess , Foreign key, 2-Tier , Knowledge, Data collection)

1.The main purpose of data mining is discovery of ______

2._______is an example for DBMS software.

3._______is a non key attribute of one relation and primary key in another relation..

4 In______client interact with serves to fulfill the needs of the user.

5. Gathering of data is called ______

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin brackets.
(Rectangle, Manual data processing, Random file organization, oval, Double rectangle )

1. In E R model entity is represented using_________ symbol.

2.__________ speed and accuracy is limited.

3. In___________ data can be accessed sequentially /non sequentially.

4. In E R model weak entity is represented using_________ symbol.

5. In E R model attribute is represented using_________ symbol.

Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word/words from those givenin brackets.
(Field, DBA, End user, secondary key, foreign key)

1. A column of a table is called ______

2. A super user who can create and manage the database is ______

3. An user who has least access rights to database is______

4.A candidate key which is not a primary key is called _______

5.___________is helpful to extract the data of two tables.

 2 Marks & 3 Marks

1. Write the features / advantages of database.

 Minimized Redundancy
 Sharing of data
 Data independence
 Data security
 Data integrity

2. Mention the applications of database.

 Banks
 Schools and Colleges
 Railways
 Airways
 Manufacturing & Sales

3. Explain database users.

To design, use and maintain the database, many peoples are involved. The people who
work
with the database include:
End Users, System Analysts, Application programmers, Database Administrators (DBA)
4. Mention the types of DBMS users

 Data base administrator

 Data base designer
 Application programmers
 End users
5. Mention the types of DBMS Architecture
 Single tier architecture/ One tier architecture
 Two tier architecture.
 Three tier architecture.
 6. Explain One tier architecture or Single tier architecture
In this method an user will directly interact with the data base without any handy tools.
Any changes made will be directly affected by the dbms itself.
Data base

User

7. Explain Two tier architecture

The standard two tier architecture is based on client-server model.The client can
be an user or application programmers who generates a request .That is conveyed to the
server which process the query and returns the result.

Client Client Client

File server Print server Database server

server

8. Explain Three tier architecture.

It is a well established software design pattern .It allows independent access of each
layer.
Presentation Layer: An end user directly interacts with this layer and not aware of
application and database layers. An application provides different views of database as per
the request of the user
Application layer: It Control application by performing the operation. It interacts with the
database tier under presentation tier.
Database Layer: It contains database servers where information is stored and retrieved. It
also contains all relations and their constraints.

Presentation Application Database Data

user tier tier tier base
9. What is Data Independence? Mention the two types.
The capacity to change data at one layer does not affect the data at another layer is called
data independence.
Or
It refers to accessing of certain data without interrupting the related data in the data base
Two types of data independence are:
Physical Data Independence
Logical Data Independence
10. Explain physical data independence.
It is the capacity to change the internal level without having to change either the schemas at
the conceptual or external level.
• The physical data independence are:
 File Organization
 Database Architecture

11. What is generalization?

A generalization is a bottom-up approach in which two lower level entities combine to form
a higher level entity
Ex:

Account

is
a
saving currentt
12. What is Specialization
Specialization is the reverse process of generalization.It is a top down approach in which
one higher level entity can be broken down into two lower level entity
Ex:

students

is
a
Attendance sheets Marks sheet

9.Explain file organization

It refers to arranging the contents of the file for efficient access of data.

10.Mention the different types of file organization

Serial file organization

Sequential file organization
Direct/Random file organization
Index Sequential file organization

11.Explain Serial file & Sequential file organization

Serial file : In this method the collection of data records are stored in the order in the
physical medium. No particular sequence is followed to store the data

Sequential file: In this the data records are stored in sequential order either in ascending
order or descending order of a predetermined key.the records are accessed sequentially

12.List the advantages and disadvantages of Serial file & Sequential file organization
Advantages of serial & sequential file organization
 Simple file design
 Easy to understand
 Uses inexpensive storage devices
 Uses storage space efficiently
Disadvantages of serial & sequential file organization
 Entire file must be processed even if single record is to be accessed
 Transaction have to be sorted before processing
 Its not possible to access middle records directly
 Data redundancy is high

13.Explain Random file organization

In Random file organization the data records are stored in the random order at known
physical Address. The data access takes place randomly with the help of record key. The
technique used for data storage & data accessing is hashing

14.Give the advantages and disadvantages Random file organization

Advantages:
 Any record can be directly accessed with high speed.
 Saves memory space & time
 Used for online application

Disadvantages:
 requires expensive storage device
 file updation is difficult

15. Explain ISAM

ISAM (indexed sequential access method).
Indexed file data is stored randomly and data access takes place both sequentially &
randomly.in these data records as a prefixed key which uniquely identifies the record.

16. Give the advantages and disadvantages of ISAM.

Advantages:
 Provides flexibility for users to need both type of accessing the file
 Permits quick access of the time

Disadvantages:
 Extra storage space & processing time for the indexing is required
 Does not use the storage space efficiently
17.What is database model? List the different database models.
A database model is an abstract model that describes how the data is represented.
The different types of database models are:
 Hierarchical model
 Network model
 Relational model

18.Explain hierarchical database model

It organizes the data in a tree like structure in which each child node can have only one parent
node. The database in hierarchical model comprises of set of records connected through links.
The node which is not having the parent node is called root node.

Advantages:
 Simplicity
 Data integrity
 Data security
 Efficiency

Disadvantages:
 Implementation is complex
 Lack of structural independence

19.Explain network database model

It allows the modelling of many to many relationship in a data .data is organized in the form
of graph.in which entity can be accesed through several paths
Advantages
 It is simple & easy to implement
 It has data independence
 It can handle many relationship within the organization

Disadvantages
 More complex system of data base structure
20.Explain relational database model

This model was developed by E.F codd

Data is maintained in the form of tables consisting of rows & columns .Each row represents
an tuple(entity) and each column represents an attribute

Regno name M1 M2

101 A 70 80

102 B 80 90

103 C 70 70
21. Explain normalization.
The process of organizing the data in the database that includes creating table & establishing
Relationship between tables according to the rules designed both to protect the data & makes
the database more flexible by eliminating redundancy & inconsistent dependency.

22. Mention the different types of normal form

 First normal form

 Second normal form
 Third normal form
 Boyce codd normal form[BCNF]
23. What is Relation algebra?
Relational algebra is a procedural query language that consists of a set of operations that take
one or more relations as input and result into a new relation as an output.
The relational algebraic operations can be divided into
1. Basic set-oriented operations: Union, Set different, Cartesian product
2. Relational-oriented operations: Selection, Projection, Division, Joins
24.What is a Relationship? List the different types of relationship
A Relationship describes relations between entities & it is represented using diamond shape
There are three types of relationship that exist between entities.
Binary Relationship
Recursive Relationship
Ternary Relationship
25. List the components of data warehouse.
The components of data warehouse are:
 Data Source
 Data Transformation
 Reporting
 Metadata

5 Marks questions

1. Mention the applications of database.

• Banking: For customer information, accounts and loans, and banking transactions.
• Colleges: For student information, course registrations and grades.
• Credit card transactions: For purchases on credit cards and generation of monthly
statements.
• Finance: For storing information about holdings, sales and purchases of financial
instruments such as stocks and bonds.
• Sales: For customer, product, and purchase information.

2. Write the difference between Manual & Electronic data processing.

Manual data processing Electronic data processing
 Volume of data processed is limited * Large volume of data can be handled
easily.
 Storage medium is paper. * Storage medium is secondary storage
device.
 Entire process takes place manually. * Entire process takes
place Electronically
  Labour cost is high * Labour cost is economical
 Speed & accuracy is limited * High speed & greater accuracy

4. Write the different notations of E-R diagram.

 Entity

 Weak entity

 Attribute

 Composite attribute

 Relationship

5. Explain the components of E-R diagram.

 Entity : It is a real world object in E-R diagram represented using a rectangle.

 Weak entity : An entity which depends upon other entity is called weak entity. It is
represented using double rectangle.

 Attribute : It describes characteristic or properties of an entity. It is represented by an

oval.

 Composite attribute: An attribute can also have its own attribute.

  Relationship: It describes a relation between two entities. It is represented using
Rhombus
6. Explain the data processing cycle.
Data
Preparation

Data Output Data Input

Data
Data Storage Processing

Data Preparation: Gathering data, facts and statistics required for an organization which
may be available at different stages.
Data input: The mechanism of providing data into a data processing system.
Data processing: The processing is a series of action from the input data to generate output.
Some of the operations are:
Calculation, searching, sorting
Data output: After all the above operations are performed, the result should be put forward
which helps in proper decision making.
Data storage: The results are stored in secondary storage for future use.

16. Explain the data base terms

Table: it is a collection of data elements organized in the form of rows & columns
Record or tuple: a single entry in a table is called record
Domain: it is a set of values given to a column or attribute
Entity: entity is a real world object
Field: it is a column name of a table.
7. Explain the data type of dbms.

Number: it includes both integer & fractional part

Character: it includes alphabets & special symbols
Date: it includes date month & year
String: it includes a sequence of characters
Logical : it stores data values that are either true or false

8. Define:

 Candidate key: It is a set of one or more columns whose combined values are
unique.A key which is eligible to become the primary key.
Ex: Student(slno,rollno,regno,name,combination)

 Primary Key: It is a key in a table which uniquely identifies a row in a table.It should
not be empty or NULL.
Ex: Student(slno,rollno,regno,name,combination)

 Composite key:One or more than one columns that uniquely identifies each tuple in a
relation is called composite key.
Ex: Student(slno,rollno,regno,name,combination)

 Alternate Key or Secondary key: The candidate key which is not the primary key is
secondary or alternate key.
Ex: Student(slno,rollno,regno,name,combination)

 Foreign key: It is a field in a relational table that matches the primary key of another
table it is used to extract data from two tables
Ex: Consider 2 tables Employee & Department
Employee(code,name,dept_id,salary)
Department(dept_id,dept_name,supervisor)
9. What is data warehouse? Explain its components

A data warehouse is a repository of an organization electronically stored data. It is

designed to facilitate reporting and supporting data analysis.
Components of data warehouse:

Data source: It refers to an electronic repository of information that contains data of interest
for management.

Data transformation: It receives data from data source, standardizes &loads it to the data
repository

Reporting: The warehouse data is made available to the organization staff.

Metadata: It is the data which gives information about the status of the data

Operations: It is the process of loading , manipulating & extracting data

10. Explain data independence

It refers to accessing of certain data without interrupting the related data in the data base
Types of data independence

Logical data independence:

It is the capacity to change the data in the conceptual level without having to change in the
external view of each user or the application programs

Physical data independence

It is the capacity to change the internal level without making any changes at the conceptual
level or external level
11. Define data mining. Explain the various steps involved in data mining or data
integration

Data mining refers to extracting or mining knowledge from large amount of data base

Data selection: The process of selecting the data which is useful for data mining

Data cleaning: The data collected may contain errors,missing values or inconsistent data so
we should apply different techniques to get rid of different errors

Data transformation: we need to transform the data. The technique used are smoothing,
aggregation, normalization

Decision: This steps allows the user to take better decision

12. Explain E.F codd rules

Information rule: Information must be stored in the table format

Guaranteed access rule: Data must be accessible with no ambiguity. In RDBMS we can
access the data by using the primary key.

View updating rule: All views must be updated by the system

logical data independence: Any changes in the logical level must not imply any change in
the physical level

physical data independence: Any changes in the internal level will not imply on the logical
level
11. What is a Relationship? Classify and give example.
A Relationship describes relations between entities & it is represented using diamond shape
There are three types of relationship that exist between entities.
Binary Relationship
Recursive Relationship
Ternary Relationship

three
types.
1. One to One:
This type of relationship is rarely seen in real world.
The above example describes that one student can enroll only for one course and a course
will also have only one Student. This is not what you will usually see in relationship.
2. One to Many:
It reflects business rule that one entity is associated with many number of same entity.
For example, Student enrolls for only one Course but a Course can have many Students.
The arrows in the diagram describes that one student can enroll for only one course.
3. Many to Many:
The above diagram represents that many students can enroll for more than one course.