HINTS & SOLUTIONS OF BASIC QUESTIONS

NO I
f'(x)
98. It is given that f'(x) = f(x) Þ = 1 on integrating both sides with respect to x. we get f'(x) dx = 1 dx
f(x) f(x)

SH NO
x+c 0+c c
ln f(x) = x + c ; f(x) = e .....(1). Put x = 0 in eq. (1) we get f(0) = e 1 = e (because f(0) = 1)
Þ

I
c x 2 2
putting this value of e in eq. (1) we get f(x) = e ....(2). We know f(x) + g(x) = x so g(x) = x - f(x) ;
1 1 1 1
2 x x 2 x 2 x 2x
g(x) = x - e (using equ. (2)) we want f(x) g(x) dx = e (x - e ) dx = x e dx - e dx
0 0 0 0
apply by parts in 1st integral & 2nd is simple

[2]
b b b b 2 b

(2 )
b 2 2
f(x) dx - 3x = a - b Þ
f(x) dx - 3b - 3a = a - b
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
99. (f(x) - 3x) dx = a - b f(x) dx - 3x dx = a - b Þ
Þ
a a a a a a 2
b 2 2 b
f(x) dx = b - a Þ
2 2
Þ f(x) dx = [x /2] ba . Hence f(x) dx = x /2 Þ
f(x) = x
a 2 2 a
1
100.use
100.use secp
x dx = ln |secp
x + tanp
x|

VI H
p
2
sinx sinx sinx
d e e 4 2e
101.Given dx F(x) = x , x > 0 so x
dx = F(x) .....(1) Here we need
x
dx
2 1
sinx sint
4 16 e
on multiplying & dividing by x in the integrand we get 2x e 2
dx. Let x = t ; 2x dx = dt ; dt
x
2 t
IS
1 1
sint
16 e
using eq. (1) we can write dt = [F(t)]16 = F(16) - F(1) on compairson with question we get k = 16
1
t 1
2 2
¥ dx 2 2 1 ¥ a - b dx
102.0 2 2 2 2 (on multiplication and division of (a - b ) we get) 2 2 2 2 2 2
(x + a )(x + b ) a - b 0 (x + a )(x + b )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1 ¥ (x + a ) - (b + x ) 1 ¥ 1 1 ¥ 1
(use a - b = (x + a ) - (x + b )) 2 2 2 2 2 2 dx = 2 2 2 2 dx - 2 2 2 2 dx
a -b 0 (x + a )(x + b ) a -b 0 (x + b ) a -b 0 x +a

[ ] [ ]
AG V

¥ ¥
1 1 -1 x 1 1 -1 x 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1
tan b - 2 tan a = 2 2 (tan ¥ - tan 0) - 2 2 (tan ¥ - tan 0) (now solve)
a -b b
2 2 2
0 a - b a 0 b(a - b ) a(a - b )

{
37
103.Given
103.Given e p sin( p lnx)
37
e sin( p lnx) dx. Put p p at x = 1 t = 0
dx = p lnx = t Þ dx = dt 37 we get
37p 1 x 1 x x at x = e t = 37p
37p
0
sint dt = [-cost]0 = (-cos37p ) - (-cos0) = -(-1) - (-1) = 2
p 1 p 1 p
104. cos mx . sin nx dx = 2cos mx . sin nx dx = (sin(m + n)x - sin(m - n)x) dx
UR SH

0 2 0 2 0

[ ] [( )( )]
p
1 -cos(m + n)x cos(m - n)x 1 -cos(m + n)p cos(m - n)p -cos(m + n)0 cos(m - n)0
= + = + - +
2 m+n m-n 0 2 m + n m - n m + n m-n
as m + n & m - n are odd (given in question). Hence cos(m + n)p & cos(m - n)p = -1, now solve.
105.
0
p /2
(sinx)
cosx sinx
(cosx cotx - ln(sinx) )dx ; Put (sinx)
cosx
cosx
= t .....(1)
when x = 0 t = 0
x =p /2 t=1 {
on taking log a eq. (1) we get log(sinx) = logt Þ cosx log(sinx) = logt on differentiating w.r.t. x we get

(
cosx
1
sinx
cosx + log(sinx)(-sinx) dx =
1
t )
dt ; (cosx cotx - sinx log sinx)dx =
dt
t
=
dt
(sinx)
cosx
I

1
cosx 1
(sinx) (cosx cotx - sinx log(sinx)) dx = dt on putting these values in the integral 1 dt = [t]0 = 1 - 0 = 1
0
p 1
106.Because tangent at x = 1 makes on angle of p /6 with x - axis so f'(1) = tan = ..... (1) similarly
AN H

63 3
[ ] [ ]
3 2 3 3
p p (f'(x)) f'(x)
f'(2) = tan 3 = 3....(2), f'(3) = tan = 1.....(3) we need f''(x) f'(x) dx + f''(x) dx = +
4 1 2 2 1 2 2
2 2 (put f'(x) = t)
(f'(3)) (f'(1))
= - + f'(3) - f'(2). Now put values from eq. (1), (2) & (3)
2 2
AS

x2

{
1 x=0Þ t=0
e 2
107.We
107.We need 2 . x dx. Put x = t Þ x dx = (1/2) dt we get
0 (x + 1) x=1Þ t=1
1 t 1 t 1 x
e 1 1 e 1 e 1
dt = dt = dx = . I (using question)
0 t+1 2 2 0 t+1 2 0 x+1 2
p /4
sinx + cosx p
/4
sinx + cosx 2
108. dx Þ dx (using sin2x = (sinx - cosx) - 1)
0 9 + 16sin2x 0
2
9 + 16((sinx - cosx) - 1)
p /4
sinx + cosx
2 dx Þ Let sinx - cosx = t Þ (cosx + sinx)dx = dt and when x = 0 then t = -1 and when
0 16(sinx - cosx) - 7 0 0
dt dt
x=p /4 then t = 0. On putting these values the integral will become 2 Þ 2 2
-1 16t - 7 -1 (4t) - ( 7)
Now integrate yourself.
 3 5 4 3 2 3 3 2 4 2 3 3 2 2 2
2x + x - 2x + 2x + 1 2x (x - 1) + (x + 2x + 1) 2x (x - 1) + (x + 1)
109. dx Þ dx Þ dx

NO I
2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 (x + 1)(x - 1) 2 (x + 1) ((x ) - 1 ) 2 (x + 1) (x + 1)(x - 1)
3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3
3
2x (x - 1) + (x + 1) 2x (x + 1) 2x.x dx 3 3
dx Þ 2 dx + dx Þ 2 dx + 2 dx

SH NO
Þ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(x + 1) (x - 1) 2 2 (x + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) (x + 1) x -1

I
2 2 2
2
Let x + 1 = t use formula directly dx
2 2
p/2 p/2 x -a
5 x 5 x x x x x
110. Given is cos sinx dx Þ cos . 2 sin cos dx (using sinx = 2sin cos )
0 2 0 2 2 2 2 2
p /2 6 x x x 1 x x
Þ 2 (cos ) sin dx. Let cos = t Þ - sin dx = dt Þ sin dx = -2dt and when x = 0 then t = 1,
0 2 2 2 2 2 2
(( ) ) ( )
1/ 2
p -4 1 7 -4 1 - 1 .
when x = then t = 1 . On putting these values we get Þ
6 7 1/ 2
-4 t dt Þ -4[t /7]1 = -1Þ
2 2 1 7 2 7 8 2
1 m m+1 1 n-1 m+1
m n (1 + t) t n(1 + t) t
113. I(m, n) = t (1 + t) dt . By using by part I(m, n) =
Þ - dt
(m + 1) (m + 1)

VI H
0 II I 0

[ ]
m m+1 1 m
n 2 n
I(m, n) = (1 + t) t - I(m + 1, n - 1) Þ I(m, n) = - I(m + 1, n - 1)
m+1 0
m + 1 m + 1 m +1
p/2
3
p
/2
2
p/2
114. -p /2
cosx - cos x dx = - p/2
cosx(1 - cos x)dx = -p /2
|sinx| cosx dx. Now break mod in intervals.
IS
115. Given af(x) + bf(1/x) = (1/x) - 5....(1) put 1/x in place of x in equ. (1) we get bf(x) + af(1/x) = x - 5.....(2)
Now multiply by a in eq. (1) & b in eq. (2) & on subtraction we get
1 a
( )
2
f(x) = 2 - 5a - bx + 5b ....(3) we need f(x) dx. Now direct integrate 66. clearly odd function
(a - b ) x
2
1
n+1 2 4
116. Given f(x) dx = n ....(1) on converting f(x) dx into intervals of form n to n + 1 we get
n -2
4 -1 0 1 2 3 4
AG V

f(x) dx = f(x) dx + f(x) dx + f(x) dx + f(x) dx + f(x) dx + f(x) dx . On using eq. (1)
-2 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
n = -2 n = -1 n=0 n=1 n=2 n=3
4 2 2 2 2 2 2
in each part of R.H.S. we get f(x) dx = (-2) + (-1) + (0) + (1) + (2) + (3) = 4 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 4 + 9 = 19
-2

{
bc bc
x x x 1
( ) ( ) at x = ac Þ
t=a
1 1 b b
117. f dx = f . dx ...(A) put = t Þ dx = dt (A) becomes = f(t) dt = f(x) dx
c ac c ac c c c c at x = bc Þ
t=b a a
b
118. x . |x| dx (where a < 0 < b). To understand if we consider a number line like x
UR SH

a 0 b ®
a

( {x x³
0
)
0 b 0 b
On breaking limits using number line x|x| dx +
Þ x|x| dx = x (-x) dx + x.x dx using |x| = -x x £
a 0 0 a 0
0 b 3 3
=a +b
2 2 3 0 3 b
= (-x ) dx + x dx = [-x /3]a + [x /3]0
a 0 3 3
2 1/2 1 3/2 2
119. x[2x]dx = x[2x]dx + x[2x]dx + x[2x] dx + x[2x]dx (breaking limits where 2x is an integer)
0 0 1/2 1 3/2
1/2 1 3/2 2
= x.0 dx + x . 1 dx + x . 2 dx + x . 3 dx. Now integrate yourself.
0 1/2 1 3/2
120. As done in class. 121. As done in class.
I

e2 e2
| lnx | 2
|lnx| dx. By the graph of y = lnx
122. dx Þ
Here 1/e < x < e . Hence x > 0 . Hence |x| = x Þ
1/e |x| 1/e x
AN H

y = lnx

{
2
1 e
1/e < x < 1 lnx < 0
2
1 e
Þ | lnx | | lnx | Þ - lnx lnx
We get 2 . So dx + dx dx + dx.
0 1/e 1 e2 1<x<e lnx > 0
Þ 1/e x 1 x 1/e x 1 x

Now put lnx = t. 4

12 22 32 n2
AS

123.Break
123.Break as + + +.....+ (as done in class)
fig.(1)

0 12 22 (n - 1)2

124.For y = x + |x| y=
Þ
x + x if x ³
0
x - x if x £
0
Þ
y {
y = 2x if x > 0
= 0 if x < 0 . Hence graph of y = x + | x | is fig (1) -2 0{2
1 y = Max(x + |x|, x - [x]), which will be
4 fig. (3). Now find net area with x-axis
graph of y = x - [x] is fig. (2) Þ
-2 -1 0 1 2

fig. (2)

-2 -1 0 1 2
125.If
125.If we draw the graph of y = [2sinx] it will be like fig.(1) Y

NO I
2
On breaking limits corresponding to the graph we get
5p/6 p 7p/6 3p/2 1
1 dx + 0 dx + - 1 dx + - 2dx.

SH NO
I
p/2 5p
/6 p 7p
/6 p
7p
/6 3p
/2
X
p
/2 5p
/6
Now integrate yourself.
-1

fig.(1)
126.Use graph & net area logic -2

2
127. R1 = x f(x) dx ....(1). R2 = area bounded by y = f(x), x = -1, x = 2 & x-axis also f : [-1, 2] [0, ¥
® ).
-1
2
Hence value of f(x) is positive. Hence R2 = f(x) dx ..... (2). Now in eq.(1) x (-1 + 2 - x) means (x ®
® 1 - x),
-1
2 2

VI H
we get R1 = (1 - x) . f(1 - x)dx get R1 = (1 - x) f(x) dx ......(3) (as given f(1 - x)= f(x))
-1 -1
2 2
add eq. (1) & eq. (3) we get 2R1 = (x + 1 - x) f(x) dx 2R1 =
Þ f(x) dx Þ
2R1 = R2.
-1 -1
1.5 1 2 1.5 1 2 1.5
2 2 2 2 2 1.5
128. [x ]dx = [x ]dx + [x ]dx + [x ]dx = 0 dx + dx + 2dx = 0 + [x]1 + [2x]
IS
2
0 0 1 2 0 1 2

= 2 - 1 + 2 x 1.5 - 2 x 2 = 2 - 2
129, 130. Draw graph.
p cos2 x 3
p cos2(p
- x) 3
131.I = e . cos (2n + 1)x dx. By using x ®
-xÞ
p I= e cos ((2n + 1).(p
- x))dx
0 0
p cos2(p
- x) 3
p cos2x 3
p cos2x 3
AG V

= e cos ((2n + 1)p

- (2p
+ 1)x)dx = e (- cos (2n + 1)x) dx = - e cos (2n + 1)x dx
0 0 0
I = -I I+I=0Þ
Þ I=0
2x - 1
( ) -1 x - (1 - x)
( )
1 1 1
-1 -1 -1
132.0 tan 2 dx (use 2x - 1 = x - (1 - x)) = tan 1 + x(1 - x) dx = (tan x - tan (1 - x))dx
1+x-x 0 0

-1 x - y
( )
-1 -1 1 -1
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
(using tan 1 + xy = (tan x - tan y) Þ tan x dx - tan (1 - x)dx.But tan x dx = tan (1 - x)dx (By prop (iv))
0 0 0 0
UR SH

a 1 cosa sinx
(
cosa cosx + sina sinx
) ( )
a a
133.Let I =0 log(cota + tanx) dx =
0
log +
sina cosx
dx =
0
log
sina cosx
dx
Using the formula cosA cosB + sinA sinB = cos(A - B)
cos(a - x)
( ) cos(a - (a - x))
( )
a a a a
I= log dx.....(1) use the properly f(x) dx = f(a - x) dx Þ I = log dx
0 sina cosx 0 0 0 sina cos(a - x)
cosx
( ) cos(a - x) cosx
( )
a a
Þ I = log dx....(2) on adding eq. (1) & eq. (2) we get 2I = log . dx
0 sina cos(a - x) 0 sina cosx sina cos(a - x)
a 2
- a
2I = log(sina) dx 2I = -2 log(sina) 1 dx Þ
Þ 2I = -2a log(sina) Þ
I = -a log(sina)
0 0

134.Use
134.Use x a+b-x
I

®
5
135.We
135.We need (x - 1) (x - 2) (x - 3) (x - 4) (x - 5)dx. Let x - 3 = t Þ
dx = dt and when x = 1 then t = -2 and when
1
a
AN H

x = 5 then t = 2. On putting these values, integral will become (2 + t) (1 + t) t (t - 1) (t - 2)dt = 0.

-a
a
Using f(x) dx = 0 when f(x) is an odd function.
-a

{
ln3 2
sinx . x at x = ln3 Þ t = ln3
x dx = 1 dt
2
136. 2 2 dx, put x = t Þ we get
ln2 sinx + sin(ln6 - x ) 2 at x = ln2 Þ t = ln2
AS

ln3 ln3
sin t 1 1 sin t
. dt Þ Let I = dt......(1)
ln2 sin t + sin(ln6 - t) 2 2 ln2 sin t + sin(ln6 - t)
ln3
Now use t ® ln2 + ln3 - t property or t ® ln 6 - t we get I = 1 sin(ln6 - t) dt......(2) rest is obvious
2 ln2 sin(ln6 - t) + sin(t)
p/2 a a
137.Let I = sin2x ln(tanx)dx .....(1) apply the property f(x) dx = f(a - x)dx We get
0 0 0

I=
0
p /2 p
( p
sin 2 2 - x ln tan 2 - x dx ; I = )(0
p/2
sin(p( ))
- 2x) (ln cotx) dx ; I =
0
p /2
sin2x (ln cotx) dx .....(2) on adding
p /2 p /2 p /2
eq. (1) & (2) we get 2I = sin2x(ln tanx + lncotx)dx = sin2x(ln(tanx) . (cotx))dx = sin2x ln(1)dx = 0
0 0 0
 1 1 1
138.I = 0
-1
cot (1 - x + x )dx
2
I = 0 tan
Þ 2 dx (using cot x = tan
1 -1
)Þ (1 - x1+ x )
I = 0 tan (1 - x (1 - x)) dx
x
-1 1 -1 -1

NO I
( 1(1- -x(1x) +- x)x ) dx on using the formula tan ( 1x -+xyy ) = tan x + tan y we get
r
1 -1 -1 -1 -1
use 1 = (1 - x) + x in N I = 0
tan
1 1 a a

SH NO
-1 -1
I= tan (1 - x) dx +0 tan x dx. Applying the properly 0 f(x) dx =0 f(a - x) dx in first integral

I
0
1 1 1 -1
1 -1
1 -1
-1 -1
I= tan (1 - (1 - x)) dx + tan x dx = 0 tan x dx + 0 tan x dx = 2 0 tan x dx. Now apply by parts
0 0
2 2
139.f(x) = 1 + x + x - 1 - x + x is an odd function.
a 3
a 2
a a 2
140.Use I = p tan x dx + q cos x dx + r sinx dx = p x 0 + 2q cos x dx + r x 0 .
-a -a -a 0

{
a
a
Using f(x) dx = 2 0 f(x) dx , if f(x) is even function . Hence depends on q & a
-a 0 , if f(x) is an odd funtion
p /2
141.We need - (f(x) + f(-x)) (g(x) - g(-x)) dx. Let h(x) = (f(x) + f(-x)) (g(x) - g(-x)). Here h(x) is odd function so

VI H
p/2
p /2 a
Hence h(x) dx = 0 because for a odd function f(x) we know f(x) dx = 0
-p
/2 -a

( )) ( )
p p p p /2
(
/2 p -x /2 /2 p -x 2
2 2
142. x + ln cosx dx = x . cosx dx + ln cosx dx = x . cosx dx + 0
-p/2 p +x -p /2 -p/2 p +x -p/2
2
IS
odd function (Now do x cosx by parts)
0 0
3 2 3
143. (x + 3x + 3x + 3 + (x + 1) cos(x + 1)) dx = ((x + 1) + 2 + (x + 1) . cos(x + 1)) dx
-2 -2

{ at x = -2, t = -1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3
put x + 1 = t ; dx = dt = t + 2 + t cost dt = t dt + 2dt + t cost dt = 2dt = 4
at x = 0, t = 1 -1 -1 odd -1 -1 odd -1

1
lnx p/2 ln(sin q ) p
/2 p
144. 2 dx. Put x = sin q Þ dx = cosq dq in integral Þ . cosq dq = ln(sinq
)dq
= - ln2
0 1-x 0 2 0 2
1 - sin q
AG V

p p p
145.Let I = ln(1 + cosx) dx .....(1). I = ln(1 + cos(p - x))dx Þ I= ln(1 - cosx) dx...(2). Add. (1) & (2)
0 0 0
p p p 2
p 2
2I = (ln(1 + cosx) + ln(1 - cosx))dx = (ln(1 + cosx) (1 - cosx))dx = (ln(1 - cos x)dx = ln(sin x)dx
0 0 0 0
p 2a
using property of log Þ 2 ln(sinx)dx. On comparing it with f(x) dx we get f(2a - x) = f(x)
0 0
UR SH

p
( )
/2 p
Þ 4 ln(sinx)dx = 4 - ln2 = -2p
ln2. Hence I = -p
ln2.
0 2
146 to 152. As done in the class.
2
x d 2
153.Given that Let F(x) = f( t) ....(A), on differentiating it w.r.t. x & using Libnitz theorem we get F'(x) = f( x2 ) x
0 dx
Þ F'(x) = f(|x|) 2x Þ F'(x) = 2x f(x) ....(1) (because 0 £ x£ 2 so | x | = x). Also given that F'(x) = f'(x) ....(2),
f'(x)
on substituting this value in eq. (1) we get f'(x) = 2x f(x) Þ = 2x. On integrating we get
f(x)
2
ln f(x) = x + c....(3), on putting x = 0 here we get ln f(0) = 0 + c Þ ln 1 = c (given that f(0) = 1) Þ c = 0...(4).
I

Put this value of c in eq. (3) we get ln f(x) = x2 Þ f(x) = ex ....(5). On putting this value in eq. (A) we get
2

2 2
x x
2 2 t x2 4
F(x) = e dt Þ
F(x) = [e ]0  F(x) = e x – e0  F(x) = e x – 1 Þ
F(2) = e – 1.
2 2
F(x) = e( 5) dt (using f(x) = ex )Þ
t
AN H

0 0
2 so let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c .... (1) Given f(0) = 0 ...(2), on putting
154.Becuse f(x) is a polynomial of degree £
1
x = 0 in eq. (1) we get f(0) = c ....(3). Using eq. (2) & (3) we get c = 0 ....(4). Also given that f(x) dx = 1
0
1
a b
+ + cx = 1  a + b + c = 1  a + b = 1 ...(5) (using eq. 4)
2
(ax + bx + c)dx = 1 Þ
AS

Þ
0 3 2 3 2 3 2
Given that the coeff. of f(x) are non negative integers, hence a & b will be non -ve integers like 0, 1, 2, 3....
a b
So, only possible pairs of a & b staisfying the eq. + = 1 are (0, 2) & (3, 0).
3 2
( )
1/n
p 2p . tan 3p ...... tan np
155 Let y = lim tan . tan on taking log & changing into definite integrals we get
n® ¥ 2n 2n 2n 2n
1 1
p x p
log y = log tan dx ....(1) using property x ® 1 - x we get log y = log tan (1 - x) dx
0 2 0 2
( )
1 1
Þ log y = log tan
p -
p x dx Þ
p
log y = log cot x dx .......(2) on adding eq. (1) & (2) we get
0 1
2 2 0 2 1 1
Þ 2log y =
p p
(log tan x + log cot x) dx Þ 2log y = log (tan p x . cot p x) dx = log 1 dx = 0
2 2 2 2 0
0 0