SMART DUSTBIN.
2024-2025
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION:
As the world is in a stage of up gradation, there is one stinking problem we have to deal with.
Garbage!In our daily life, we see the pictures of garbage bins being overfull and all the garbage
spills out. Thisleads to the number of diseases as large number of insects and mosquitoes breed
on it. A big challengein the urban cities is solid waste management not only in India but for
most of the countries in the world. Hence, such a system has to be built which can eradicate
this problem or at least reduce it to the minimum level. The project gives us one of the most
efficient ways to keep our environment cleanand green. The smart city concept is still new in
India, although it has received a lot of attention in few years when our present Prime Minister
gave the idea of building 100 smart citiesthroughout India.Now, with the upcoming large
number of smart cities, large numbers of responsibilities are also required to be fulfilled. The
prime need of a smart lifestyle begins with cleanliness and cleanliness begins with dustbin. A
society will get its waste dispatched properly only if the dustbins are placed well and collected
well. The main problemin the current waste managementsystem in most ofthe Indian citiesisthe
unhealthystatus of dustbins. In this paper we have tried to upgrade the trivial but vital
component of the urban waste management system.
CHAPTER 2
ABSTRACT:
As people are getting smarter, so are the things. While the thought comes up for Smart cities.
There is a requirement for Smart waste management. It is a common sight to witness garbage
spilled out in and around the dustbins. The area around an improperly maintained dust bins can
house disease spreading insects like mosquitoes, flies, bees and driver ants. The environment
around a dustbin is also conducive for increasing the pollution level in air. Air pollution due to
a dustbin can produce bacteria and virus which can produce life threatening diseases in human
beings. The idea of Smart Dustbin is for the Smart buildings, Colleges, Hospitals and Bus
stands. The Smart Dustbin thus thought is an improvement of normal dustbin by elevating it to
be smart using sensors and logics. For Smart dustbin operation we are using ultrasonic sensor
for detecting distance and object and another sensor servomotor is used for opening and closing
the dustbin top and we are also using PIR sensor which is used for calculating the level of
dustbin and also we are using led which glows showing the level of dustbin upto which it is
filled.
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SMART DUSTBIN. 2024-2025
CHAPTER 3
Methodology
Block Diagram The basic operation of the system. The fullness status of the bin is determined
by calculating the distance between the lid of the bin and the trash by using a sensor. A
distance threshold will be set according to the bin dimensions. When the distance measuring
sensor indicates that the bin is full, then a microcontroller board will control a GSM module to
send SMS alert that contains bin ID and alert message to a predefined phone number. The
location of the bin is predefined by a sanitary workerwho will identify the filled bin by its ID
which received by the SMS alert. The system will return to default operation when the bin is
emptied by the sanitary worker.
Figure 1 - Block Diagram of Project
Hardware Description
Ultrasonic Sensor Ultrasonic sensors measure distance by using ultrasonic waves. The sensor
head emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected back from the target. Ultrasonic
Sensors measure the distance to the target by measuring the time between the emission and
reception. An optical sensor has a transmitter and receiver, whereas an ultrasonic sensor uses a
singleultrasonic element for both emission and reception.
Figure 2 - Ultrasonic Sensor
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SMART DUSTBIN. 2024-2025
GSM SIM 900
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an open, digital cellular technology usedfor
transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM differs from first generation wireless systems in that it
uses digital technology and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) transmission methods. GSM is a
circuit-switched system that divides each 200 KHz channel intoeight 25 KHz timeslots. GSM operates in the
900 MHz and 1.8 GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9 GHz and 850 MHz bands in the US. The 850 MHz band
is also used for GSM and 3 GSM in Australia, Canada and many South American countries. GSM supports
data transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbit/s, allowing the transmission of basic data services such as SMS (Short
Message Service). Another major benefit is its international roaming capability, allowing users to accessthe
same services when traveling abroad as at home. This gives consumers seamless and samenumber
connectivity in more than 210 countries.
Arduino Uno
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the
microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on
Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.
Figure 3 - Arduino Uno
Servo Motor
Servo implies an error sensing feedback control which is utilized to correct the performance of
asystem. It also requires a generally sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module
designed particularly for use with servomotors. Servo motors are DC motorsthat allows for
precise controlof angular position. They are actually DC motors whose speed is slowly lowered
by the gears. The servo motors usually have a revolution cutoff from 90° to 180°. A few servo
motors also have revolution cutoff of 360° or more. But servo motors do not rotate constantly.
Their rotationis limited in between the fixed angles.
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SMART DUSTBIN. 2024-2025
Figure 4 - Servo Motor
PIR Sensor
PIR sensor or Passive infrared sensor senses the heat radiation of a human or any other
creature. It detects the motion of the person within its range. These are basically made of a
pyroelectric sensor which can detect levels of infrared radiation. In our project, PIR sensor is
installed on the front of the dustbin so that it can sense any human standing in front of it and
gives high to the micro controller then in turn servo motor is turned on and lid of the dustbin is
opened. Time delay and distance can also be adjusted in PIR with the help of on-board
potentiometers.
Figure 5 - PIR Sensor
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SMART DUSTBIN. 2024-2025
PROGRAM
#include <Servo.h>
Servo servoMotor; // create servo object
const int trigPin = 9;
const int echoPin = 10;
const int servoPin = 11;
long duration;
int distance;
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
servoMotor.attach(servoPin); // attaches the servo on pin 11
servoMotor.write(0); // start with the lid closed
Serial.begin(9600); // begin serial communication for debugging
}
void loop() {
// Clear the trigPin
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Set the trigPin high for 10 microseconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
// Read the echoPin, and calculate the distance
duration = pulse
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SMART DUSTBIN. 2024-2025
Working
After wiring and attaching all the devices and setting up to the Smart Dustbin, now observeall
the important setup whether they are well connected or somethingmissed.
After connection set up now next step is to submit/upload code in Arduino and supply power
to the circuit.
When system is powered ON, Arduino keeps monitoring for any things that come near the
sensor at give range.
When Ultrasonic sensor detect any object for example like hand or others, here Arduino
calculates its distance and if it less than a certain predefined value than servo motor get
activatefirst and with the support of the extended arm of the lid.
Lid will open for a given time than it will automatically close.
As soon as the thrash in the bin reaches a threshold value GSM will send a message to the
concerned for immediate action.
Figure 6 - Working Model of Smart Dustbin
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SMART DUSTBIN. 2024-2025
Result
The dustbin is able to open the lid with the help of servo motor whenever it detects motion.
Theultrasonic sensor is giving the details about the waste present in the dustbin. The status of
the waste is transferred to the municipal authority whenever it is exceeding the threshold value.
Conclusion
Here we are going to make an evolution change toward cleanliness. The combination of
intelligent waste monitoring and trash compaction technologies, smart dustbins are better and
shoulders above traditional garbage dustbin. It is equipped with smart devices like sensor
Arduino etc. Lid of the dustbinwill automatically open when an object comes near to the
dustbin and after certain time period it will close the lid. For society, it will help towards health
and hygiene so that normal people to rich people can take benefit from it.
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