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Computer Operating Systems the Foundations of Modern Computing

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Computer Operating Systems the Foundations of Modern Computing

Uploaded by

f23-dpt-270011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Operating

Systems: The Foundations


of Modern Computing
Welcome to this presentation on operating systems, the invisible foundation of
modern computing. We'll explore what they are, how they've evolved, and their key
components.

by Muneeza Awan
What is an Operating System?
The Interface The Manager
The operating system acts as a bridge between the hardware and the It manages tasks, memory, storage, and peripherals, ensuring
software, managing resources and providing a user-friendly smooth and efficient operation of the computer.
interface.
The Evolution of Operating
Systems

1 Batch Systems
Early operating systems like IBM's OS/360 processed jobs in
batches, focusing on efficiency.

2 Multitasking
Systems like Unix introduced multitasking, allowing multiple
programs to run concurrently.

3 Graphical User Interface (GUI)


The introduction of graphical user interfaces revolutionized
interaction with computers, making them more user-friendly.

4 Cloud-Based Systems
Modern operating systems are increasingly cloud-based, offering
flexibility, scalability, and accessibility.
Key Components of an
Operating System
Kernel Shell
The core of the OS, responsible for A command-line interpreter that
managing fundamental system allows users to interact with the
functions like memory and I/O. kernel and execute programs.

File System Memory Manager


Organizes and manages files and Allocates and manages memory
directories, providing a structured resources, optimizing performance
way to store data. and preventing conflicts.
Process Management and Scheduling
1 2 3

Process Creation Scheduling Process Termination


The OS creates and manages processes, The OS determines which process gets The OS terminates processes when they
each representing a running program. CPU time, prioritizing and balancing complete or encounter errors, releasing
workload. resources.
Memory Management

Virtual Memory
1 The OS uses virtual memory to expand physical memory, allowing more programs to run.

Paging
2 The OS divides programs into pages, storing them in both physical and virtual
memory.

Segmentation
3 The OS divides programs into segments, allowing for more efficient
memory allocation and protection.
File System and Storage Management
Hierarchical Structure
1
The OS organizes files in a hierarchical structure, using directories and subdirectories.

File Operations
2 The OS provides operations like create, delete, read, and write, allowing users to manage
files.

Storage Management
3 The OS manages disk space, allocating and deallocating storage
for files and applications.
Input/Output (I/O)
Management

1
Device Drivers
The OS provides device drivers that interface with specific peripherals.

2
Buffering
The OS uses buffers to store data temporarily, improving I/O efficiency.

3
Spooling
The OS uses spooling to manage I/O devices, allowing multiple processes to share
them.
Security and Access Control

Authentication
The OS verifies user identities, preventing unauthorized access to resources.

Authorization
The OS grants specific permissions to users, allowing them to access only
authorized data.

Malware Protection
The OS includes security features to detect and prevent malware infections.
Trends and Future of
Operating Systems
The future of operating systems is shaped by emerging trends like artificial
intelligence, cloud computing, and edge computing. These advancements will lead
to more intelligent, scalable, and connected systems.

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