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Lecture 6 (1) Chemical Engineering

chemical engineering

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16 views8 pages

Lecture 6 (1) Chemical Engineering

chemical engineering

Uploaded by

gzosama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction for Chemical Engineering I

Fall 2021
Lecture # 6

Material Balance with Reaction


This chapter discusses material balances for reacting system. The material
balances based on chemical species, and then examine material balances made
using chemical elements.
Species Material Balance
The general M.B for a species must be include generation and consumption terms
(moles) when chemical reactions occur in a process
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
( )−( )=( )−( )
𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑡 𝑡2 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑡 𝑡1 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
+( )−( )
𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑

Consider the reaction of N2 and H2 to from NH3


NH3(generation) = 6-0 = 6 gmol
H2(consumed) = 18-9 = 9 gmol
H2(consumed)=15-12=3 gmol 15 gmol N2 6 gmol NH3

The generation and consumption terms are 18 gmol H2 12 gmol N2

related to the reaction equation. 9 gmol H2

Let us define the extent of reaction 𝜉 is based 𝑁2 + 3 𝐻2 ↔ 2𝑁𝐻3

on a particular stiochiometric equation, its


units are moles reacting.
Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6
Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6

Element Material Balances


Elements in a process are conserved, and consequently you can apply G.E without
generation and consumption terms.
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
( )=( )
𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔

Consider Carbon dioxide is absorbed in water in the process. The reaction is


Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6

Example 2.14
Calculate the extent of reaction for the following reaction and g of product
𝑁2 + 3 𝐻2 → 2𝑁𝐻3

The following analysis of feed and product

Feed Product
N2 100 g F
Reactor P 90 g NH3
H2 50 g H2 = ?
NH3 5 g N2 = ?

The extent of reaction based on NH3


1 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝐻3
𝑛𝑖 = 90 𝑔 𝑁𝐻3 | | = 5.294 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙
17 𝑔 𝑁𝐻3

1 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝐻3
𝑛𝑖𝑜 = 5 𝑔 𝑁𝐻3 | | = .294 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙
17 𝑔 𝑁𝐻3
ni − nio (5.294 − 0.294)gmol of NH3
ξ= = = 2.5 moles reacting
i 2(
g mol NH3
⁄moles reacting)

1 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2
N2 (in product) ==== 𝑛𝑖𝑜 = 100 𝑔 𝑁2 | | = 3.571 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2
28 𝑔 𝑁2

𝑛𝑖 = 𝑛𝑖𝑜 + 𝑖 𝜉 = 3.571 + (−1)(2.5) = 1.07 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2


H2 (in product) ==== 𝑛𝑖𝑜 = 25 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2

𝑛𝑖 = 𝑛𝑖𝑜 + 𝑖 𝜉 = 25 + (−1)(2.5) = 17.5 𝑔𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐻2


Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6

The final results of material balance around the reactor is


Feed Product
Comp. Mass
gmol Mass (g) gmol
(g)
N2 3.57 100 1.07 30
H2 25 50 17.5 35
NH3 0.294 5 5.294 90
Total 28.87 155 23.864 155
Could you calculate the conversion of N2?
Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6

Example 2.15
The chlorination of methane occurs by the following

𝐶𝐻4 + 𝐶𝑙2 → 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙


Determine the product composition if the conversion of the limiting reactant is
67%.
Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6

Example 2.16
A proposed process to remove H2S is by reaction with SO2

2𝐻2 𝑆(𝑔) + 𝑆𝑂2(𝑔) → 3𝑆(𝑠) + 2𝐻2𝑂(𝑔)

A feed stream containing 20% H2S and 80% CH4 was combined with a stream of pure
SO2. The process produced 5000 lb of S(s), and in the product gas the ratio of SO2 to H2S
was equal to 3, and the ratio of H2O to H2S was 10. Determine the fractional conversion of
limiting reactant, and the feed rates of the H2S and SO2 streams.
Introduction for Chemical Engineering I
Fall 2021
Lecture # 6

Example 2.17
formaldehyde CH2O is produced indstrially by catalytic oxidation of methanol CH3OH
according to the reaction

𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 + 1⁄2 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂

Unfortunately, under the conditions used a significant portion of the formaldehyde reacts
with o2 according to

𝐶𝐻3 𝑂𝐻 + 1⁄2 𝑂2 → 𝐶𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂

Assume that methanol and twice the stichiometric amount of air needed for complete
conversion of the CH3OH to the desired products (CH2O) are fed to the reactor. Also
assume 90% conversion of the methanol results, and that 75% yield of formaldehyde occurs
based on theoretical production of it. Determine the composition of the product gas leaving
the reactor.

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