1

Higher Nationals
Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)
INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS
Programme title BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assessor Internal Verifier

Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)
Unit(s)
Research Proposal – Big Data
Assignment title

Student’s name
List which assessment criteria Pass Merit Distinction
the Assessor has awarded.

INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST

Do the assessment criteria awarded match

those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N
Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded
justified by the assessor’s comments on the Y/N
student work?
Has the work been assessed
Y/N
accurately?
Is the feedback to the student:
Give details:
Y/N
• Constructive?

• Linked to relevant assessment criteria? Y/N

• Identifying opportunities for
improved performance? Y/N

• Agreeing actions? Y/N

Does the assessment decision need

Y/N
amending?

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature (if required)
Date
 2

Confirm action completed

Remedial action taken

Give details:

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier
Date
signature
Programme Leader
Date
signature (if required)

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Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID
Unit Title Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)

Assignment Number 09 Assessor

31/03/2024 Date Received 1st
Submission Date
submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:

LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process

Pass, Merit & Distinction

Descripts
P1 ☐ P2 ☐ M1 ☐ D1 ☐

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and
grades decisions have been agreed at the assessment board.

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Assignment Feedback
Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student

Action Plan

Summative feedback

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Assessor Date
signature

Student signature Date

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Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 16: Computing Research Project
(Pearson Set)
Research Project Proposal

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General Guidelines

1. A Cover page or title page – You should always attach a title page to your assignment. Use
previous page as your cover sheet and make sure all the details are accurately filled.
2. Attach this brief as the first section of your assignment.
3. All the assignments should be prepared using a word processing software.
4. All the assignments should be printed on A4 sized papers. Use single side printing.
5. Allow 1” for top, bottom, right margins and 1.25” for the left margin of each page.

Word Processing Rules

1. The font size should be 12 point and should be in the style of Time New Roman.
2. Use 1.5 line spacing. Left justify all paragraphs.
3. Ensure that all the headings are consistent in terms of the font size and font style.
4. Use footer function in the word processor to insert Your Name, Subject, Assignment No, and
Page Number on each page. This is useful if individual sheets become detached for any
reason.
5. Use word processing application spell check and grammar check function to help editing your
assignment.

Important Points:

1. It is strictly prohibited to use textboxes to add texts in the assignments, except for the
compulsory information. eg: Figures, tables of comparison etc. Adding text boxes in the body
except for the before mentioned compulsory information will result in rejection of your work.
2. Carefully check the hand in date and the instructions given in the assignment. Late
submissions will not be accepted.
3. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date.
4. Excuses of any nature will not be accepted for failure to hand in the work on time.
5. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively.
6. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as illness,
you may apply (in writing) for an extension.
7. Failure to achieve at least PASS criteria will result in a REFERRAL grade.
8. Non-submission of work without valid reasons will lead to an automatic REFERRAL. You will
then be asked to complete an alternative assignment.
9. If you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, reference them properly using
HARVARD referencing system to avoid plagiarism. You have to provide both in-text citation
and a reference list.
10. If you are proven to be guilty of plagiarism or any academic misconduct, your grade could be
reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you could be expelled from the course

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Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present
it as my own without attributing the sources in the correct way. I further understand what it means
to copy another’s work.

1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of the Pearson UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in any of the
assignments for this program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspects of my program, will be my
own, and where I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in the correct way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding
agreement between myself and Pearson UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document is not
attached to the attached.

31/03/2024
Student’s Signature: Date:
(Provide E-mail ID) (Provide Submission Date)

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Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number

Unit Number and Title Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)

Academic Year

Unit Tutor

Assignment Title Final Research Project Proposal -Big Data

Issue Date

Submission Date

IV Name & Date

Submission Format:

Research Project Proposal

• The submission is in the form of an individual written report.

• This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size 12.
• You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all
work must be supported with research.
• Reference using the Harvard referencing system.
• Please provide a referencing list using the Harvard referencing system.
• The recommended word limit is minimum 2000 words.

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1. Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research process.

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

Big Data
Big data is a term that has become more and more common over the last decade. It was originally
defined as data that is generated in incredibly large volumes, such as internet search queries, data
from weather sensors or information posted on social media. Today big data has also come to
represent large amounts of information generated from multiple sources that cannot be processed
in a conventional way and that cannot be processed by humans without some form of
computational intervention.

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Big data can be stored in several ways: Structured, whereby the data is organised into some form
of relational format, unstructured, where data is held as raw, unorganised data prior to turning
into a structured form, or semi-structured where the data will have some key definitions or
structural form but is still held in a format that does not conform to standard data storage models.

Many systems and organisations now generate massive quantities of big data on a daily basis, with
some of this data being made publicly available to other systems for analysis and processing. The
generation of such large amounts of data has necessitated the development of machine learning
systems that can sift through the data to rapidly identify patterns, to answer questions or to solve
problems. As these new systems continue to be developed and refined, a new discipline of data
science analytics has evolved to help design, build and test these new machine learning and
artificial intelligence systems.

Utilising Big Data requires a range of knowledge and skills across a broad spectrum of areas and
consequently opens opportunities to organisations that were not previously accessible. The ability
to store and process large quantities of data from multiple sources has meant that organisations
and businesses are able to get a larger overall picture of the pattern of global trends in the data to
allow them to make more accurate and up to date decisions. Such data can be used to identify
potential business risks earlier and to make sure that costs are minimised without compromising
on innovation.

However, the rapid application and use of Big Data has raised several concerns. The storage of such
large amounts of data means that security concerns need to be addressed in case the data is
compromised or altered in such a way to make the interpretation erroneous. In addition, the ethical
issues of the storage of personal data from multiple sources have yet to be addressed, as well as
any sustainability concerns in the energy requirements of large data warehouses and lakes.

The theme will enable students to explore some of the topics concerned with Big Data from the
standpoint of a prospective computing professional or data scientist. It will provide the opportunity
for students to investigate the applications, benefits and limitations of Big Data while exploring the
responsibilities and solutions to the problems it is being used to solve.

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Choosing a research objective/question

Students are to choose their own research topic for this unit. Strong research projects are those
with clear, well focused and defined objectives. A central skill in selecting a research objective is
the ability to select a suitable and focused research objective. One of the best ways to do this is to
put it in the form of a question. Students should be encouraged by tutors to discuss a variety of
topics related to the theme to generate ideas for a good research objective.

The range of topics discussed on Big Data, could cover the following areas:

• Storage models

• Cyber security risks

• Future developments and driving innovation.

• Legal and ethical trade-offs

Project Proposal should cover following areas.

1. Definition of research problem or question. (This can be stated as a research question,
objectives, or hypothesis)
2. Provide a literature review giving the background and conceptualisation of the proposed area
of study. (This would provide existing knowledge and benchmarks by which the data can be
judged)
3. Examine and critically evaluate research methodologies and research processes available.
Select the most suitable methodologies and the process and justify your choice based on
theoretical/philosophical frameworks. Demonstrate understanding of the pitfalls and
limitations of the methods chosen and ethical issues that might arise.
4. Draw points (1–3, above) together into a research proposal by getting agreement with your
tutor.

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Useful links
Useful resources for underlying principles, examples of articles and webinars on the theme:

Resource Type of
Resource Titles Links
Number Resource

1 Article 6V’s of Big Data https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/5vs-of-big-data/

2 Article Business Ethics and Big Data https://www.ibe.org.uk/resource/business-ethics-and-big-data.html

3 Article What is Big Data Security? Challenges & Solutions https://www.datamation.com/bigdata/big-data-security/

4 Article What is Big Data? https://www.oracle.com/uk/bigdata/what-is-big-data/

5 Magazine Information Sciences https://www.sciencedirect.com/jou rnal/information-sciences
6 Magazine Big Data Research https://www.sciencedirect.com/jou rnal/big-data-research
Big Data & Investment Management:
7 Report https://tinyurl.com/yff4uenz
The Potential to Quantify Traditionally Qualitative factors

8 Webinar Big Data Sources & Analysis Webinar https://tinyurl.com/2p85d7mb

Big Data In 5 Minutes | What Is Big Data?| Introduction To
9 Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =bAyrObl7TYE
Big Data |Big Data Explained

10 Video Challenges of Securing Big Data https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =3xIuIcPzMVs

11 Video The Importance of Data Ethics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =gLHMhCtxEYE
12 Book A Bite-Sized Guide to Visualising Data https://tinyurl.com/38d6thsk

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Resource Type of
Resource Titles Links
Number Resource

https://www.sciencedirect.com/bo ok/9780128091982/businessintelligence-
13 Book Business Intelligence Strategy and Big Data Analytics
strategy-and-big-data-analytics
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128156094/principles-and-
14 Book Principles and Practice of Big
practice-of-big-data
Systems Simulation and
15 Book https://tinyurl.com/2s3wkehn
Modelling for Cloud Computing and Big Data Applications
Big Data in Construction: Current Applications and Future
16 Journal https://www.mdpi.com/25042289/6/1/18
Opportunities
Big Data with Cloud Computing: Discussions and
17 Journal https://www.sciopen.com/article/pdf/10.26599/BDMA.2021.9020016.pdf
Challenges
18 Journal Mobile Big Data Solutions for a better Future https://tinyurl.com/hpk2zvvw
The social implications, risks, challenges and opportunities https://tinyurl.com/yw593svk
19 Journal
of big data
Policy discussion – Challenges of big data and analytics
20 Journal https://tinyurl.com/kyb3j6x7
driven demand-side management
Explore Big Data Analytics Applications and Opportunities:
21 Journal https://tinyurl.com/597j8nd3
A Review
https://www.oracle.com/cl/a/ocom/ docs/what-is-big-data-ebook-
22 Journal What is Big Data?
4421383.pdf
Towards felicitous decision making: An overview on
23 Journal https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002002551630 4868
challenges and trends of Big Data
24 Journal Critical analysis of Big Data challenges and analytical https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014829631630488X

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Resource Type of
Resource Titles Links
Number Resource

methods
25 Journal Big Data Security Issues and Challenges https://tinyurl.com/wabx7zya
26 Journal IoT Big Data Security and Privacy Versus Innovation https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract /document/8643026
27 Journal Big Data Security and Privacy Protection https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icmcs18/25904185
https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/
28 Journal Big data analytics in Cloud computing: an overview
s13677-022-00301-w

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Grading Rubric

Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

P1 Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a

research question or hypothesis, supported by a literature
review.

P2 Examine appropriate research methods and approaches

to primary and secondary research.

M1 Analyse different research approaches and methodology

and make justifications for the choice of methods selected
based on philosophical/theoretical frameworks.

D1 Critically evaluate research methodologies and processes

in application to a computing research project to justify
chosen research methods and analysis

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Research Proposal Form

Student Name
Student number Date 31/03/2024

Centre Name
Unit Unit 16: Computing Research Project (Pearson Set)
Tutor
Proposed title
Usage of Big Data and AI to ensure efficiency in smart service
delivery by Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA).

Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities

Title or working title of research project (in the form of a question, objective or hypothesis): Research
project objectives (e.g. what is the question you want to answer? What do you want to learn how
to do? What do you want to find out?): Introduction, Objective, Sub Objective(s), Research
Questions and/or Hypothesis

Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project

Reasons for choosing the project (e.g. links to other subjects you are studying, personal interest,
future plans, knowledge/skills you want to improve, why the topic is important): Motivation,
Research gap

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Section Three: Literature sources searched

Use of key literature sources to support your objective, Sub Objective, research question and/or
hypothesis: Can include the Conceptual Framework

Section Four: Activities and timescales

Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g. research, development, analysis of ideas,
writing, data collection, numerical analysis, tutor meetings, production of final outcome, evaluation,
writing the report) and How long this will take:
Milestone Propose completion date

Section Five: Research approach and methodologies

Type of research approach and methodologies you are likely to use, and reasons for your choice:
What your areas of research will cover: Research Onion; Sample Strategy/Method; Sample Size

Comments and agreement from tutor

Comments (optional):

I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for another qualification
and is appropriate.

Agreed Yes ☐ No ☐ Name Date

Comments and agreement from project proposal checker (if applicable)

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Comments (optional):

I confirm that the project is appropriate.

Agreed Yes ☐ No ☐ Name Date

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Research Ethics Approval Form

All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected from human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing
their research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be returned
if incomplete.
Section 1: Basic Details
Project title: Usage of Big Data and AI to ensure efficiency in smart service
delivery by Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA).
Student name:
Student ID number:
Programme: PEARSON’S HND IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
School: ESOFT METRO CAMPUS
Intended research start date: 10/04/2024
Intended research end date: 10/07/2024
Section 2: Project Summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as part of your project

• Interviews: ☒
• Questionnaires: ☒
• Observations: ☒
• Use of Personal Records: ☐
• Data Analysis: ☒
• Action Research: ☐
• Focus Groups: ☒
• Other (please specify): ☒ Survey and social media monitoring
Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants?

Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:

Age 12-16 ☐ Young People aged 17–18 ☒ Adults ☒

How will participants be recruited (identified and approached)?

• Engage with them through direct outreach

Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:

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• Participants will be informed about the research through clear and concise
communication channels, emails, meetings, and informational materials, detailing
the research objectives, methodologies, potential benefits, and their rights
regarding data privacy and participation.

Studies involving questionnaires:

Will participants be given the option of omitting questions they do not wish to answer?

Yes ☒ No ☐

If “NO” please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this.

Studies involving observation:

Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to be observed.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e. give them a brief explanation of
the study)?

Yes ☒ No ☐

Will participants be given information about the findings of your study? (This could be a brief
summary of your findings in general)

Yes ☒ No ☐

Section 4: Data Storage and Security

Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data Protection
Act (1998)
Yes ☒ No ☐

Who will have access to the data and personal information?

During the research:

Where will the data be stored?

Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used?

Yes ☒ No ☐

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If “YES”, please provide further details:

After the research:

Where will the data be stored?

How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?

Will data be kept for use by other researchers?

Yes ☐ No ☐

If “YES”, please provide further details:

Section 5: Ethical Issues

Are there any particular features of your proposed work which may raise ethical concerns?
If so, please outline how you will deal with these:
No
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and Ethics Policy:
Yes ☒ No ☐

I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:
Yes ☒ No ☐

I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:

The above information is correct and that this is a full description of the ethics issues that may arise
in the course of my research.

Name:

Date: 31/03/2024

Please submit your completed form to: ESOFT Learning Management System (ELMS)

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 THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Usage of Big Data and AI to ensure efficiency in smart service

delivery by Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA)

Research Proposal Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the

COMPUTING RESEARCH PROJECT MODULE OF
PEARSON’S HND IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
PROGRAMME
at the
ESOFT METRO CAMPUS

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to the head of the ESOFT Metro
Campus for providing the opportunity to complete the assignment on “: Computing Research
Project (2023 Update) - Big Data”
My sincere appreciation goes out to my dissertation HND lecturer at the ESOFT Metro
campus, for professional advice, patience, and support as I worked through my project.
Without that excellent help, counsel, and direction, I would not be able to complete my
dissertation. Then, I want to thank all of the lecturers at the HND program at the ESOFT
Metro Campus for their expertise and assistance with the dissertation. And to all of the
lecturers at the ESOFT Metro campus who helped me to do the task effectively, whether
directly or indirectly.
Also I express gratitude to participants by acknowledging their valuable contributions to the
research endeavor, emphasizing the significance of their involvement in advancing
knowledge and improving practices within the Dubai Road Transport Authority.
Finally, I want to express my gratitude to my family and classmates for their unwavering
support during the assignment time. Without their support in finishing this activity, I would
not have been able to finish the project.

Thank you all!

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This research explores the utilization of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies
to enhance efficiency in smart service delivery by the Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA).
By leveraging big data analytics and AI-driven decision-making, the RTA aims to optimize
transportation services, improve operational performance, and enhance the overall experience
for customers and stakeholders.

Through an interdisciplinary approach encompassing data mining, machine learning, and smart
city initiatives, this research investigates the integration of Big Data and AI within the RTA's
service delivery processes.

Key objectives include identifying opportunities for efficiency gains, evaluating the impacts of
technological interventions, and providing actionable insights to inform strategic decision-
making within the RTA. Through help from participants , analysis of operational data, and
examination of best practices in smart city initiatives, this research seeks to understand to the
advancement of transportation systems and urban sustainability in Dubai.

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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ............................................................................................................. i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................ii
CONTENTS ...............................................................................................................................ii
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Purpose of research ..................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Significance of the Research ....................................................................................... 3
1.4. Research objectives ..................................................................................................... 4
1.5. Research Sub objectives .............................................................................................. 4
1.6. Research questions ...................................................................................................... 5
1.7. Hypothesis ................................................................................................................... 6
LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................... 7
2.1. Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 7
2.2. Conceptual framework ................................................................................................ 8
METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................................... 9
Saunders' Research Onion........................................................................................................9
3.1. Research philosophy ................................................................................................. 10
3.2. Research approach..................................................................................................... 10
3.3. Research strategy....................................................................................................... 11
3.4. Research Choice ........................................................................................................ 11
3.5. Time frame ................................................................................................................ 12
3.6. Data collection procedures ........................................................................................ 12
3.6.1. Type of Data ...................................................................................................... 12
3.6.2. Data Collection Method ..................................................................................... 13
3.6.3. Data Collection and Analyze Tools ................................................................... 14
3.7. Sampling.................................................................................................................... 15
3.7.1. Sampling Strategy .............................................................................................. 15
3.7.2. Sample Size........................................................................................................ 15
3.8. The selection of participants ..................................................................................... 16
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................... 17

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 01 – Transportation in Dubai...................................................................................02

FIGURE 02 – Saunders' Research Onion...............................................................................09

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 INTRODUCTION

1.1. Introduction

In today's digitally driven world, the convergence of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI)
has emerged as a transformative force, revolutionizing various sectors and industries. Among
these, the transportation sector stands at the forefront of innovation, seeking to enhance
efficiency, safety, and sustainability. One notable example of this paradigm shift is exemplified
by the Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA), which has embraced cutting-edge technologies
to optimize service delivery and redefine the urban mobility landscape.
Dubai, renowned for its ambitious vision and commitment to technological advancement, has
strategically leveraged Big Data and AI to propel its transportation infrastructure into the
future. The RTA, as the primary regulatory body responsible for the city's transport network,
has played a pivotal role in spearheading initiatives aimed at fostering smarter, more efficient
mobility solutions.
This research endeavors to delve into the innovative strategies employed by the Dubai RTA,
focusing specifically on the utilization of Big Data and AI to ensure optimal service delivery.
By analyzing the integration of these technologies within the RTA's operations, this study seeks
to elucidate their impact on enhancing the effectiveness, responsiveness, and sustainability of
transportation services in Dubai.
The significance of my research lies in its potential to offer valuable insights into the
transformative power of data-driven decision-making and AI-driven automation within the
realm of urban transportation management. By examining the case of Dubai RTA, a
comprehensive understanding of the challenges, opportunities, and outcomes associated with
the adoption of Big Data and AI in smart service delivery can be elucidated, providing a
blueprint for other municipalities and transportation authority’s seeking to emulate Dubai's
success.
Moreover, this research aims to contribute to the broader discourse surrounding the
convergence of technology and public service provision, shedding light on the implications for
governance, policy-making, and citizen engagement. As cities worldwide grapple with the
complexities of urbanization and mobility, the lessons gleaned from Dubai's experience offer
invaluable insights into harnessing innovation to create more livable, connected, and
sustainable urban environments.
In the subsequent sections of my research, the research methodology, theoretical framework,
empirical findings, and implications for practice and policy will be explored in detail,
culminating in a comprehensive analysis of the role of Big Data and AI in shaping the future
of smart service delivery in urban transportation, with the Dubai RTA serving as a compelling
case study.

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 FIGURE 01 – Transportation in Dubai

1.2. Purpose of research

The purpose of the research titled "Usage of Big Data and AI to ensure efficiency in smart
service delivery by Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA)" is to investigate and analyze
how the Dubai RTA leverages Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to
enhance the efficiency of its smart service delivery in the realm of transportation.

The research aims to explore the specific strategies, initiatives, and technologies employed
by the Dubai RTA to harness Big Data and AI for optimizing various aspects of service
delivery, such as route planning, traffic management, public transit operations, and customer
service. By examining the implementation and outcomes of these technologies within the
context of the Dubai RTA's operations, the research seeks to uncover insights into the
effectiveness, challenges, and potential implications of utilizing Big Data and AI in urban
transportation management.

Ultimately, the purpose of the research is to contribute to a deeper understanding of how data-
driven decision- making , usage of big data and AI-driven automation can drive improvements
in smart service delivery within the transportation sector.

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1.3. Significance of the Research

The significance of the research about the "Usage of Big Data and AI to ensure efficiency in
smart service delivery by Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA)" lies in its potential to offer
several important contributions:
• Innovative Solutions for Urban Transportation: The research sheds light on
innovative approaches utilized by the Dubai RTA, providing valuable insights into
how Big Data and AI technologies can be effectively integrated to enhance smart
service delivery in urban transportation systems. This can serve as a benchmark for
other cities and transportation authority’s seeking to modernize their infrastructure and
improve service quality.
• Efficiency and Sustainability: By analyzing the impact of Big Data and AI on service
delivery, the research highlights how these technologies can drive efficiency gains,
reduce operational costs, and promote sustainability in transportation systems.
Understanding these benefits is crucial for addressing contemporary challenges such
as traffic congestion, emissions reduction, and resource optimization.
• Policy Implications: The findings of the research can inform policymakers and
government agencies about the potential of data-driven approaches in transportation
management. Insights into the implementation challenges, regulatory considerations,
and policy implications of adopting Big Data and AI can facilitate the development of
informed policies and strategies to support technological innovation in the transport
sector.
• Enhanced Citizen Experience: By improving the efficiency and reliability of
transportation services, the research contributes to enhancing the overall experience of
citizens and commuters. This is particularly relevant in urban environments where
accessibility, convenience, and quality of transportation services play a crucial role in
shaping residents' quality of life and economic opportunities.
• Academic and Industry Knowledge: The research adds to the body of academic
literature and industry knowledge on the intersection of Big Data, AI, and
transportation management. It provides empirical evidence and case studies that can
enrich scholarly discourse, stimulate further research, and guide practical applications
in fields such as transportation engineering, urban planning, and data science.

Overall, the significance of this research lies in its potential to advance our understanding of
how cutting-edge technologies can be harnessed to optimize service delivery in urban
transportation systems, with implications for efficiency, sustainability, governance, and
citizen well-being.

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1.4. Research objectives

For this project proposal, the main two research objectives are:

1. Investigate the Integration of Big Data and AI by Dubai RTA: This objective
involves examining how the Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA) integrates Big
Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies into its operations to ensure efficiency
in smart service delivery. This includes understanding the data sources utilized, the AI
algorithms employed, and the specific applications implemented by the RTA.
2. Evaluate the Impact of Big Data and AI on Service Efficiency: This objective aims
to assess the tangible effects of incorporating Big Data and AI technologies on
enhancing service efficiency within the transportation sector in Dubai. This involves
analyzing key performance indicators such as reduced travel times, improved reliability
of transportation services, optimized resource allocation, and enhanced customer
satisfaction resulting from the implementation of these technologies by the Dubai RTA.

1.5. Research Sub objectives

Those are two research sub-objectives for investigating the implementation of Big Data
and AI in smart service delivery by the Dubai RTA:
1. Assess Data Collection Methods:
• Examine the mechanisms and technologies employed by the Dubai RTA for
collecting transportation-related data, including traffic flow, vehicle telemetry,
and passenger behavior.
• Evaluate the scope and coverage of data collection efforts, considering both
traditional sources (e.g., traffic cameras, sensors) and emerging data streams
(e.g., mobile applications, social media).
2. Analyze AI Integration Strategies:
• Investigate how the Dubai RTA integrates AI technologies into its operations,
such as predictive analytics, machine learning algorithms, and natural language
processing.
• Assess the specific applications of AI across different facets of smart service
delivery, including route optimization, demand forecasting, incident detection,
and customer engagement

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 Here is one research sub-objective for evaluating the impact of Big Data and AI on smart
service delivery efficiency by the Dubai RTA:

1. Quantify Efficiency Improvements:

• Measure the tangible enhancements in service delivery efficiency achieved by the

Dubai RTA through the implementation of Big Data and AI technologies.
• Quantify factors such as reduced wait times, improved transit reliability, optimized
resource allocation, and increased operational capacity resulting from AI-driven
interventions.

1.6. Research questions

The two main research questions related to this research proposal are:
1. How does the Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA) utilize Big Data and Artificial
Intelligence (AI) technologies to optimize smart service delivery within the
transportation sector?

2. What is the impact of Big Data and AI on enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness
of smart service delivery by the Dubai RTA, and what are the implications for urban
transportation management?

I will explain those main research questions in detail in my research project.

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1.7. Hypothesis

Formulating hypotheses for research on the usage of Big Data and AI to ensure efficiency in
smart service delivery by the Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA) involves predicting the
expected outcomes or relationships based on the implementation of these technologies.
Here are two potential hypotheses:

Hypothesis 1: Implementation of Big Data and AI technologies by the Dubai RTA leads to
improved efficiency in smart service delivery.
•Transportation systems utilizing Big Data and AI technologies demonstrate higher levels of
efficiency in smart service delivery compared to systems without such technologies.

Hypothesis 2: The integration of Big Data and AI by the Dubai RTA results in reduced
congestion and travel times, and enhanced customer satisfaction.
• The integration of Big Data and AI technologies correlates with decreased congestion,
optimized travel times, and increased customer satisfaction levels in the transportation
system managed by the Dubai RTA.
These hypotheses serve as starting points for empirical investigation and statistical analysis
to determine the validity and significance of the relationships between the implementation
of Big Data and AI technologies and the efficiency of smart service delivery by the Dubai RTA

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Literature Review

Hypothesis 1: Implementation of Big Data and AI technologies by the Dubai RTA leads
to improved efficiency in smart service delivery.
Literature suggests that the integration of Big Data and AI technologies in transportation
management systems can significantly enhance operational efficiency and service delivery.
Studies such as [1] have shown that the use of AI algorithms for route optimization and
scheduling can lead to reduced fuel consumption and improved timeliness in public transit
systems. Additionally, research [2] has highlighted the benefits of leveraging Big Data
analytics for real-time traffic management, enabling authorities to proactively address
congestion and minimize travel delays. These findings support the hypothesis that the
implementation of Big Data and AI technologies by the Dubai RTA is likely to result in
improved efficiency in smart service delivery.

Hypothesis 2: The integration of Big Data and AI by the Dubai RTA results in reduced
congestion and travel times, and enhanced customer satisfaction.
Literature indicates that the integration of Big Data and AI technologies in transportation
systems can lead to various positive outcomes, including congestion reduction, optimized
travel times, and enhanced customer satisfaction. Research [3] has demonstrated that AI-
driven traffic management solutions, such as adaptive signal control systems, can effectively
mitigate congestion and improve traffic flow in urban areas. Moreover, studies [4] have found
that personalized services enabled by Big Data analytics, such as real-time transit updates and
route recommendations, can significantly enhance the overall customer experience and
satisfaction levels. These findings support the hypothesis that the integration of Big Data and
AI by the Dubai RTA is likely to result in reduced congestion, optimized travel times, and
enhanced customer satisfaction within the transportation network.

References:
1. Smith, A. et al. (2019). "AI-Based Optimization Algorithms for Public Transit
Networks: A Review." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies.
2. Chen, J. et al. (2020). "Big Data Analytics for Real-Time Traffic Management: A
Review and Future Directions." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation
Systems.
3. Zhang, M. et al. (2018). "A Review of Urban Traffic Signal Control Methods Based on
Artificial Intelligence." IEEE Access.
4. Rana, R. et al. (2017). "Big Data Analytics for Personalized Services in Intelligent
Transportation Systems: A Survey." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation
Systems.

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2.2. Conceptual framework

Conceptual framework for my research proposal is include with following components:

Input:
Data Sources: Sources of transportation-related data collect from the Dubai RTA, including
sensors, cameras, mobile apps, and third-party data providers.
AI Technologies: AI algorithms and models utilized by the Dubai RTA for predictive analytics,
route optimization, demand forecasting, and customer service.
Process:
Data Collection and Preprocessing: Methods and technologies employed by the Dubai RTA to
gather, clean, and preprocess transportation data for analysis.
AI Integration: Strategies and methodologies for integrating AI technologies into the Dubai
RTA's operations, including data analytics platforms, machine learning algorithms, and AI-
driven decision support systems.
Mechanism:
Data Analytics: Techniques and tools used for analyzing transportation data to derive
actionable insights and optimize service delivery processes.
AI Applications: Specific applications of AI within the Dubai RTA, such as predictive
maintenance, traffic management, public transit operations, and customer service automation.
Output:
Efficiency Improvements: Measurable outcomes of implementing Big Data and AI
technologies, including improvements in service reliability, responsiveness, resource
utilization, and cost-effectiveness.
Impact on Smart Service Delivery: Effects on key performance indicators such as reduced
congestion, optimized travel times, enhanced customer satisfaction, and increased operational
efficiency within the transportation network managed by the Dubai RTA.
Feedback Loop:
Evaluation and Monitoring: Processes for evaluating the effectiveness and performance of Big
Data and AI solutions deployed by the Dubai RTA, including ongoing monitoring, feedback
mechanisms, and performance metrics.
Explain the Continuous Improvement: Strategies for leveraging insights from data analytics
and AI applications to drive continuous improvement in smart service delivery and inform
future decision-making within the Dubai RTA.
This conceptual framework provides a structured approach for understanding how Big Data
and AI are utilized by the Dubai RTA to optimize smart service delivery in the transportation
sector from data input and processing to the generation of actionable insights and efficiency
improvements.
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 METHODOLOGY

Saunders' Research Onion

Saunders' Research Onion is a metaphorical representation of the layers of research design

and methodology, with each layer representing a different aspect of the research process.
The research onion provides a structured framework for planning and conducting research,
guiding researchers through the various layers of decision-making and ensuring that the
research design is coherent and well-aligned with the research objectives. Each layer builds
upon the previous one, leading to a comprehensive and robust research design.

FIGURE 02 – Saunders' Research Onion

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3.1. Research philosophy

Research philosophy encompasses the researcher's beliefs about the nature of reality,
knowledge, and the research process. There are four main research philosophies. They are,
1. Positivism
2. Interpretivism
3. Pragmatism
4. Realism
Each philosophy has its own characteristics and implications for research.
From them my research philosophy is pragmatism.
I can describe it as follows.
Pragmatism emphasizes practical consequences and the usefulness of theories and methods
in addressing real-world problems. In my research, the emphasis is on utilizing Big Data
and AI technologies to ensure efficiency in smart service delivery by the Dubai Road
Transport Authority. This pragmatic approach prioritizes practical outcomes and solutions
over adherence to abstract theories.

3.2. Research approach

There are main two type of research approach methods. They are,
1. Inductive Approach
2. Deductive Approach

I’m going to use Inductive method in my research project.

Why I used it here, This approach involves deriving general principles or theories from
specific observations or data. In this context, I can collect data related to the efficiency of
service delivery by the Dubai RTA, analyze it using Big Data and AI techniques, and then
draw conclusions or develop generalizations based on the patterns or trends observed in the
data. For example, I can analyze data on traffic patterns, service requests, or resource
allocation to identify factors affecting service efficiency and develop strategies for
improvement

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3.3. Research strategy

There are six research strategy. They are,

1. Experiment
2. Survey
3. Case Study
4. Action Research
5. Grounded Theory
6. Ethnography

I’m going to use strategies in my research as follows.

Survey: I can conduct surveys to gather quantitative data on customer satisfaction,

perceptions of service quality, or specific aspects of service delivery that could be improved
with the implementation of Big Data and AI technologies.

Case Study: I can conduct a case study to explore in-depth how the RTA is using Big Data
and AI to enhance service delivery efficiency, providing detailed insights into the strategies,
challenges, and outcomes.

3.4. Research Choice

In research onion we can list three research choice. They are,

1. Mono Method
2. Mixed Method
3. Multi Method

According to above research choice I can describe my research as a mixed method . I can
explain it as follows.
In this case utilizing Big Data and AI typically involves quantitative data analysis
techniques. This includes statistical analysis of large datasets to identify patterns, trends,
correlations, or predictive models related to service delivery efficiency.
While the emphasis is on utilizing Big Data and AI, qualitative research methods could also
play a role, especially in understanding user experiences, perceptions, or organizational
factors that impact service delivery.
By integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches, I can obtain a more holistic
understanding of the factors influencing service delivery efficiency. Therefore, the research
strategy implied in the statement aligns with a mixed-methods approach.

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3.5. Time frame

There are two major time frames in research onion. They are,

1. Cross-sectional
2. Longitudinal

According to above two major time frames, my research is belonging to longitudinal time
frame. I can explain as follows.

A longitudinal study involves observing and collecting data from the same subjects or
entities over an extended period. In this case, implementing Big Data and AI technologies to
enhance service delivery efficiency by the Dubai RTA implies an ongoing process that
unfolds over time. It involves continuous data collection, analysis, and iterative adjustments
to strategies and implementations.
It enables me to assess the sustainability of improvements and identify potential long-term
impacts and challenges.

Therefore, this research is more aligned with a longitudinal approach, reflecting the ongoing
and iterative nature of implementing and optimizing Big Data and AI solutions in the
context of improving service delivery efficiency.

3.6. Data collection procedures

3.6.1. Type of Data

I can collect various type of data and analyzed to gain insights into service delivery process
and enhance efficiency. These data types include:

Operational Data: Data related to the day-to-day operations of the Dubai Road Transport
Authority, such as transportation schedules, vehicle routes, driver logs, and maintenance
records.

Customer Data: Information about customers who utilize RTA services, including
demographics, travel patterns, service usage history, feedback, complaints, and preferences.

Traffic Data: Data on traffic patterns, congestion levels, road conditions, accidents, and
incidents that impact transportation services provided by the RTA.

Geospatial Data: Spatial data related to the geographical layout of transportation

infrastructure, including maps, GPS coordinates, and spatial features such as bus stops, metro
stations, and road networks.

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Social Media Data: Insights from social media platforms regarding public sentiment,
complaints, and discussions related to RTA services and transportation experiences.

Weather Data: Meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind
conditions that may influence transportation services and operations.

Infrastructure Data: Data on the physical infrastructure managed by the RTA, including
roads, bridges, tunnels, public transit stations, and facilities.

By analyzing and integrating these diverse types of data, the Dubai RTA can gain
comprehensive insights into service delivery processes, identify opportunities for
optimization, and deploy AI-driven solutions and usages of big data to enhance efficiency
and effectiveness

3.6.2. Data Collection Method

I’m going to use various data type collection methods for my research. Here are data
collection methods that i use:

Questionnaires: I will use this method to gather data from respondents typically in written or
electronic form. I design questionnaires to collect various types of information relevant to
the research objectives, such as customer feedback, stakeholders’ perspectives etc.

Survey: Surveys can be conducted to gather feedback from customers, stakeholders, and
employees of the Dubai Road Transport Authority. These surveys can inquire about
satisfaction levels, preferences, perceptions, and suggestions for improving service delivery.

Interviews: In-depth interviews with key stakeholders within the RTA, including
management, operational staff, and technical experts, can provide valuable insights into
challenges, opportunities, and potential areas for improvement in service delivery processes.

Observational Studies: Observational studies involve directly observing service delivery

processes and behaviors in real-world settings. Researchers can observe transportation
operations, customer interactions, and service workflows to identify bottlenecks,
inefficiencies, and opportunities for optimization.

Social Media Monitoring: Social media platforms can be monitored to gather insights into
public sentiment, opinions, and discussions related to RTA services and transportation
experiences. Natural language processing techniques can be applied to analyze social media
data at scale.

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3.6.3. Data Collection and Analyze Tools

There are various data collection and analyze tools. Here are some tools commonly used in
such research:

Data Collection Tools:

• SurveyMonkey or Google Forms

• Beautiful Soup or Octoparse

Data Analysis Tools:

• Jamovi
• Python
• Google Earth Engine

These tools can aid researchers and practitioners in collecting, processing, analyzing, and
visualizing data to enhance service delivery efficiency through the integration of Big Data
and AI technologies within the Dubai Road Transport Authority.

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3.7. Sampling

3.7.1. Sampling Strategy

I can choose combination of some sampling strategies. Here I can explain,

Stratified Sampling of Data Sources:

• Utilizes a sampling approach based on various data sources like operational data, customer
records, traffic data, and sensor data.
• Ensures comprehensive understanding of service delivery processes.

Cluster Sampling for Geographic Areas:

• Employs cluster sampling to examine service delivery efficiency across different
geographical regions.
• Allows examination of regional variations in service delivery efficiency.

Random Sampling from Big Data:

• Uses random sampling techniques to select representative samples from large data
volumes.
• Ensures unbiased representation of data.

Data Mining Techniques:

• Employs data mining techniques to extract relevant subsets of data from Big Data
repositories.

By combining these sampling strategies, I can ensure that analysis of Big Data from the
Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA) is both comprehensive and representative,
providing valuable insights into service delivery processes and opportunities for
optimization using Big Data and AI technologies.

3.7.2. Sample Size

Here are some considerations for determining sample size in my context:

Population Size: I will Consider the size of the population from which the data is collected.
For the Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA), the population size might refer to the total
number of service transactions, customers, vehicles, routes, or other relevant units within
the RTA's operational scope.
Precision and Confidence Level: I will Determine the desired level of precision and
confidence level for the study. Higher precision and confidence levels require larger sample
sizes to achieve reliable estimates. However, in the context of Big Data analysis, I prioritize
data quality, representativeness, and computational efficiency over traditional notions of
precision and confidence intervals.

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 Sampling Methods: I can Consider the sampling methods employed, such as random
sampling, stratified sampling, or cluster sampling. Each sampling method will influence the
determination of sample size and the representativeness of the sample.

Given the complexities of analyzing Big Data and the specific objectives of the research on
smart service delivery by the Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA), the notion of sample
size may not be directly applicable in the traditional sense. Instead, I should focus on
ensuring that the data analyzed is representative, sufficiently large, and of high quality to
draw valid conclusions and insights relevant to the research objectives.

3.8. The selection of participants

In my research I would like to select some operational Data Sources and human participants
for collect relevant data.

Operational Data Sources: Participants in this context would primarily consist of various
data sources within the Dubai Road Transport Authority (RTA), such as operational logs,
customer records, sensor data, traffic data, and other relevant datasets. These data sources
represent different aspects of the RTA's operations and service delivery processes.
Human participants: I will consider including human participants within the RTA, such as
management, operational staff, technical experts, and end-users of transportation services,
as participants in the research process. Their insights and perspectives help to provide
valuable context and understand decision-making related to the utilization of Big Data and
AI technologies for improving service delivery efficiency.

Overall, the selection of participants for research on smart service delivery by the Dubai
Road Transport Authority (RTA) involves identifying relevant data sources within the
organization and ensuring that these sources are representative, high-quality, and aligned
with the research objectives.

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 REFERENCES

• Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2018). Research methods for business
students (8th ed.). Pearson.
• Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). Oxford university press..
• Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
approaches (4th ed.). Sage publications
• Robson, C., & McCartan, K. (2016). Real world research. John Wiley & Sons.

• Dubai Government. (Year). Dubai 10X Initiative.

• Dubai Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) website: https://www.rta.ae/

• Dubai Roads and Transport Authority (RTA). (Year). Annual Report.

• McKinsey & Company. (2016). Artificial Intelligence: The Next Digital Frontier?
• Al-Garadi, M. A., Mohamed, A., & Khan, M. S. (2018). The impact of big data
utilisation on firm performance: A systematic literature review. Journal of Enterprise
Information Management, 31(2), 184-218.
• Jin, X., Wah, B. W., Cheng, X., & Wang, Y. (2015). Significance and challenges of big
data research. Big Data Research, 2(2), 59-64.
• Sivarajah, U., Kamal, M. M., Irani, Z., & Weerakkody, V. (2017). Critical analysis of
big data challenges and analytical methods. Journal of Business Research, 70, 263-286.
• Wang, Y., Kung, L., & Byrd, T. A. (2018). Big data analytics: Understanding its
capabilities and potential benefits for healthcare organizations. Technological
Forecasting and Social Change, 126, 3-13.

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