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Introduction to Operating System

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Introduction to Operating System

Uploaded by

sashantnipate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Operating System (OS)

An Operating System (OS) is a system software that acts as an interface between the user and the
computer hardware. It provides essential services to manage and control computer resources,
ensuring efficient and secure operation.

Functions of an Operating System

1. Process Management

• Handles the creation, scheduling, and termination of processes.

• Ensures that processes execute without interference.


• Manages process synchronization and communication.

2. Memory Management

• Allocates and deallocates memory to programs.

• Tracks memory usage and optimizes its use.

• Manages virtual memory for multitasking.

3. File System Management

• Controls file creation, deletion, and access.

• Organizes data in directories and provides file security.

• Manages storage devices and data retrieval.

4. Device Management

• Coordinates communication between hardware devices and the system.

• Manages device drivers and input/output operations.

5. Security and Protection

• Protects data and resources from unauthorized access.

• Implements user authentication and permissions.

6. User Interface (UI)

• Provides a way for users to interact with the system (e.g., CLI, GUI).

• Simplifies the execution of commands and applications.

7. Resource Management

• Allocates resources like CPU, memory, and storage efficiently.

• Prevents resource conflicts through fair scheduling.

8. Error Detection and Handling

• Monitors the system for errors.


• Takes corrective actions and maintains system stability.

Types of Operating Systems

1. Batch Operating System

• Processes jobs in batches without user interaction.

• Example: Early IBM systems.

2. Time-Sharing Operating System

• Allows multiple users to use the system simultaneously by sharing CPU time.

• Example: UNIX.

3. Distributed Operating System

• Manages a group of independent computers as a single system.

• Example: Amoeba, Mach.

4. Network Operating System

• Provides networking capabilities for resource sharing.

• Example: Windows Server, Linux.

5. Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)

• Processes data and responds in real-time.

• Example: VxWorks, QNX.

6. Mobile Operating System

• Designed for mobile devices with touch interfaces.

• Example: Android, iOS.

7. Embedded Operating System

• Tailored for embedded systems in devices like appliances or vehicles.

• Example: FreeRTOS, Embedded Linux.

8. Single-User vs. Multi-User Operating System

• Single-User: Supports one user at a time (e.g., Windows 10).

• Multi-User: Supports multiple users simultaneously (e.g., UNIX).

9. Single-Tasking vs. Multi-Tasking Operating System

• Single-Tasking: Handles one task at a time (e.g., MS-DOS).

• Multi-Tasking: Handles multiple tasks concurrently (e.g., macOS, Linux).

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