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Concepe Of Rootean algebra and Gate levet Minimize bron 4
x) Pf Rootwan Aqe brea qd
dD LA EA
Bet amen Azo
Hw ATA CA ‘ id t
i ie
a Ne EO emPotent law
Proof
A+R EK {
Ges 2 ALA anh
= CAFAIG) CHS = ACA
= CATA) CREA? ray
. A a
(AR ECA AD ECAR TNA D a vA
ae = A(AtA) '
= AU)
2 AHA = )
ACH =A
= AUD Y 1
aR Ue y
6 Aco zo
4 AtARAA
‘| Absorbs Vous
$ ACAtR)= A |
yen
nana ca ACAAG
Gaeg HAT AB Sa aeteaetente
= Aca) SA AFALK
nee
Eat) : oats \Getore law},
=A .
re - rn Pandenental:
AA BB ABs 5 tony oo f itreanmplemene neutarpriced woth
eryone,
a we qk A+ Murtipind cae
ACA _
CAt8). An (AtO4 (ARO = AL CAD
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ALAR,
‘ TRA cant AlAat) = AG
“prove Me eee
EA ERR or an tend we ve dua of have x
ACARI AAR ow
~ AFAR ARG : » AAS AB
vw > AAR(AAR) = O+Ae
= AABED = ABS
~ Aag.
Basic tneorams OF Boolean Algebra
dee ;
“Pemoy gon -theoram : tongeasus “thencam
RB ARG . :
: AR +ACABE - ARLAC
~ AFR LRG
oe ABER CA BEL
Complement Of product = ABEACABLAAA)
= Sum OF Complements, = ABLAC + ARERR:
- EACHACH
Complement OF Sum tt
= AB(IEE) + ACO 8)
Produce Of Complement « = ABU RY
P SE AR+RC ERS ©
« —
CL
Commu ath ° i
woMel ative Preperty Dittripatve Property
AtR =REA ACREC) - AR EAC +
AB a Bm ATBC = CArB)LALC) «
B= ka
ASSowa tive
Property.
A+B)40 = AGRO)
@Ry ec = ACR)
IMIWTEH gases Ara ASsoctettve = 7
A) oe, AND, KOR, XNOR .
Nok and NAND are Not
A®Souta deve
{Tate Lnomples and wortouk.
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Maivhy Prinespie Ota,
fF wy “
2
FEA that ¢, ©
{ ‘ Very ANqebarre i
Ane S>Preccion hed uta.
Vann, . POstutates of bovtean ONO Femara °
'
4 The operators and Ment element a:
iMerchon ged "
TH qee +he dual
Replace
Not:
bom =
wth AND C4 50)
2° AND cot OF
PF MY erprecsion
Teese of dusrcty if
Ce—54) Mou Gomplem corcke the
Lt with oo. dust and Complement
e he pur bar
4. 0 wlan 1 Coch term be w
For eure teeter yeu will Ger
SS Ag ame ate = ARaRC the real Complemene Of F
CAR IOREC REC) = (AB LALO
Mlhot oy
the duat of Congences theorem)
WUh 1S tne dua of demorqan theorem jtite +hak atte they
May ose *
Logrear Gates
Baste gates AND OR , NOT
MALErsal gates — KAND, NOR
Specrat qares — KOR, RNOR.
NAND and Noe and Coed UNtiverLal ates because eve
Can MEleMeRnt av other gates by usmg these .
AND Gate sg ano
af
— ef bk Yeas
OR Gate.
okt ‘s
Not Cx pen
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L
NAN
1D ~ Aeot 4 ano
NOR ~ nige +0R
Elusive nog Canoe )
PeeeraC OCD
e Soro
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Broa s
Wernotic repre Sentatyen Of iaput and Catpar
‘ee 2 8
hig in,
i
For
Sq see WOAE ty drow Ming daqgeam
®
THU tables:
AND —> Rory Shroud be
Hrue then, on Te as true
A 8 AR
& o °
° \ Q
toe u
\
> SE Ray one Shoutd be true then ont FES tpg
a & AB
° °
\ \
° '
\ 1 \
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—S—_
LOT TUst write Complement Of given
A g
o |
1 °
De
NANO Not 4 AND
Eeverse of AND
IO AND on are true thea onty true bat i NAR
f Jae reverse You wove TA place og o corite |
TA Place of t corte oO (A Ovtpak
a B yeRe
° ° ;
o 4) )
\ © '
' \ vo
No.
MOR Not AOR Reverse Of OR
& BR ya kee
° o ‘
° \ °
1 8 °
1 1 v0
Xor .
Some Wpuk be euen norog UG = Output Co) -
edd 90°F NS = ouepurcn .
A B® v= aoe
Gnamo °
Con \
' cs \
i 1 o
ANB oe vere f A@B-
—
A 8 Y= FER AK
eo 0 \
° \ oO
\ o oD
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~sey Ctyeatt | pF }
- ts
er Ord pos oe
Sum 06 prod og Sum terms ye ME
S FPreduct terms and product UF = Nef, x
Sop is a Group of product +e gummed together
v
TIMSE product terms are Called niin “term's
€. A Se °
BS FRC FARE
Produce terms ©
N80 Catled ag Disjunctive Normal Form Lon: R
SHO 4ErMS / prog
This ig
Mee terms
“
AND" terms
of Binary input vortabies Caled minterm
Cor) Shandard
Product terms +
For e€q, i
Ase INPUL AND ga hay 2-Input Variables
No+
Cf Minterms 25% Ae norop inputs
aivey
AB ty
AB oof
A® loo
AR oo
“
OR" terms OF binary taput Vartables are Called Marsters
Or Standard Sum terms.
Se Mpak ‘ox’ gate hos 2-Inpuk Variables
Nor of Morterms = of stig
Here we sensed amon
AB gp EM * tr
ABR Co
AB ot
AR tt
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presentation of Mintermy and Maxierms -for 3 @
inpur variables
Mins terms jax:
aye 7 Max: terms
, ——
vod i YD Mo
Oot | G2 Mm, meyed My
5 -o-
© | Bye mM, me gGez My
ol x -
AYE Ma ae ger Ms
tee AgGz om
toot ae e Aryar My
Gz om Se oe
110 eee a Atyte Mo
, 2 wo gq Me
ti n AagGer
Wye =
4 > agar My
Gy, Fad Sop. ee 5
FCABO) = Zto1,3)
Pos,
THIS 16 alSo Moun on
yok
e
—_
Whe This Just re presence ©
RRC Tnterms OF & Vartable
Also they Can give -
Max term (or) PONE J
Jroup of Sum terms
a Muteipticatten
“ H+8iB+e) Eqs Al
aa 4 B+e) Cex0)
Sum terms + Wt Is Y-varvable function .
TThES ts Also erampte for
Soa
MULE Wed together
coerce Normal Form
rege) = Mommy [- Predce |
. AYP B sees) Tages )
TOABCO) ATs gh) Tey won qrue wo Oram
ee this they oan eto
Four Variable cede
Based on
woe wonite this
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Pos Cen
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“find the Corve sponding mia a. Rad the Corre ponding
dorm ty those term + max deems
Se rtocs MUlsply Ahab ma
yMow add a Min terms + ree 4 x
ey terms ©
mm
TG Y
peeeeme oo °
seer oo \ \
Oreo! \
30 owl 0
y7 L090 1
— He °
6 110 D
acca Cd Nor of ofS =71(013,5,6) -
Noof gts
O00 =) rye?
OV =) HA Ge?
= AYe A AYD PIAGET HAVYD Vols) HEyte
V1O =) RAZ AD
Mow mately “AHaese ee cy
TACOS) Fey ar) (nt ge) YADA G42) +
canonicel Fores ond Standard Eerms Of Sep cad pos
Carenical Form
fn Canonical form the badlion functron expressed as
Sop for) pos Foreng Was atl Hate the input varvable
Yn interme on Maye terms -
E42 Suppose Inputs are AIRic
suppose TA pos iS
(A4B+O) CARH) CA ABAT)
Here Coeh Max term Consists of every TAPur
Bo te 1S Canonical form.
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c ANY 4e TOM Lor) Mane term — ghould
Contour att them
aryee TApats (mandatory ) }
For ¢4 @a« KET ARC x
Trig TS MEE Canonicar form
becowse AB OMY there bur me PAPA [5 MIS cing
AK three INPUts Ghoutd be
Srondard Form \
there .
dn standard orm +the boolean Functions are
formed bY 19 oy
any Amber oF
Pos form:
Wkeraly ta its
Sop and
er a
HAY + FH YD Uke thes
here each min term TF you check atl tn pus
AVE WOE tovaived. So te is Standard form,
net
SE We can convert Standard forrn “to Conanteal -for am
Sop to Ssop
Pos ty bPos
sop ar ssep, S80P to Spes
“There are these Conver diong
Suppose 2 2 AR 4 Ret AC
AB CORT) + QAR IRE FACCR*B)
t
AGEL ART FABCHRSC FACH EACH
pos to _ $025) AW tevmg are wMcluded Koep oF Canonical
Now
fe
CRABB ™
“
CAABIGEAR ) Taisare buts ve faw 4
C&AR) LR EAD COTA)
"
aN eur ave MMewded +
Ao Te ISS pos or Canonicad form .
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ARLE A ART AAR AAR ine
IN por ioe cantider 1 06 0 of
and IN henoeen Unpurs aoe Keep Gum symbol
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SPOS = CAARLOLAA RAC A CARE CARE) Khe AIG 4
Karna qv Moy
an Coat ve Cony,
Kemap i a Chart Contarna Yous aed Comenns TEPYEAOO
Lerma ty minimize baolvon
Tin! terme and Mor
Orpression — hy “sing mapping .
Athy Kmap ee
hy may 4
Kemap is used fir mtaimizatton of both Sop Ad Pos
Forinsy + tp Stmplety atgebaric Smpre sstong «
Je IS deveroped by Scremtict Karnaugh in (962
“This tS a pretortat Method WW Solve boolean SRPIEMONG
setthout Using boolean laws y and theorame
DVO AHe K map
4 |
Novo. Spo
og ces 2 5 ; RAO of Vora bieg .
. |
Bo al
Fe S(ia,ay | ;
vs
ABE RRA | oma PMY |
F AW ARLLY 4 { ' 1
4 | wt , Le 1
> AD J + for
Y= Atee yee ee,
Pivaratie bemap eon, vate
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KWo WG oe A I t Bre >
oof case a*ag Leal ancl amg! ae]
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9] Mb]
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We Com group 1,2. 4s Cor) 2% ces
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Bi Yahenever You Rave Qued Ho oee
hak +
cohin You have octand donrt Consider — deustes +
Bucds TH thar 1 TF outside ore There we Can
consider
possible
+ Each qroep shoud be arranged 05 manionu mt Os
Be certs. Contrearnnng Lmuge be gresees *
over tap®
C. GroU Ps MOY
and Corner Grouping
6. Opposete — BEEPTET aA anowed «
qe There Srourd hE fous Qroups as Possible
E nneapies!
a varrabie BM’
aja he Se OF products -fancered fonqz) =~ Tisai)
vanar oe thE PINE Tmprtcants
gee ere Hare ONE 4 varcables %1 42 $0 Consider &
yevcetie KAR LYE oye
cut z| |
| = xy E42) + EVE (|
= KLV GEA? 4 ¥Y2
x7+kY2Franco) . \co . '
EMS Ves tp 0 og o
are ne ys
Std ey OM a ag, ee aw, Cos Ty aly ~) oF
abies
- \ °
= Ras
RST aay ARB ray .
pS \4 Aw wy
RBY eng . / af Ge vy
ae els ca ol lp e
Cd 4%
© XI Here atready ,
~ ARQ) KR they both ore
Ate (Oe aRce) mapped with another
C4 RR 4 ate we Cannot me? both
This 1, ay ‘ eqain
oe “et red — Reclesn
METRES Oe 14, Erpre ssron «
ed ty
Calucatate
Pana
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Reotean EAXPYE Sgn
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S. Yasin map .
Me Sprtet enappin 1
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put tt has haw vanes 0 and | ¢
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8
gn case of Qncd we Can use dent Cares aloo
check for SAtATOUM
go hak te dee, Rok OFEEEK ATMS ya atrval CquaKtons
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8 Nree POS > product oF Sum FEMS
or product of Max terms \
tA case of mae dorms coe represent
D Ko
and k=}
here we have tw see grasping certs o's:
one
OS they qruea GF Wfrone * Now “woe , cl yt ROA
of aa pia
draw a Y-varrabie Fo? yer ” “
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(Recap) (ared)
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2° Suppose Tf the jou te the
Ye (N4RGT eo (AGRE) CATR HCH Me BO)
¢ Herve ie 1S mm Pes “form
4 Bak they dtd Mot gave actual MAK terms
t . Pos
7 6
is A+tB+C = Hor —»> | K SV here
: At&hFtC - 009 —0
AtRae = O10 ~5Q
Rabe 110 36
0
A+Bte
orl 3
Pome) Corey
$0 for TWK1.01046,3) 2S oes
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ye ABE FATE FABRE + ABE 4 AKC
1 Sop form Suen of product
So tum Of: produ docs.
Sum Of Min berms ©
Sa Cate of min terms A= 1
So
NAN
We
Chow
et
1 The Ao of 8
es ee
yor Al=Dl:
ABC — (11 =
So Eb S13)
ART — 110 -6
awe — totes we qoe min terms
yobi
ARE —100-4 go then using Freap Bvarvante
Rae -0''73 ewe Ger SAPEEESTON +
Nike this ewe FEPFESEAE *
and NOR Ermpicanen OTT’
prefer NANO qa than now gore because of Fowow ing
eckeNS LL powwey Consumption te less iA MAND Fates
e aro xs wed AD Implement NANO
No: of ALESAWS. 2
gore alse (eS
oq me te also Very (ess Compored
By process
sp Nok gett
Inpae MANO gees yaqucred to tmplement
tna) TL tapur HAND Jared
fb inpue NANO qotes requcred to ImPlement
einpur MAND qos aed
ue tm pubemeat
) HAND gota are Fes ered to
oma= 29) “ace
=Uu3a) AND 9ae
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No: of CS and identity cote Gate
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according to toqre Fetes 2
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