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5 views

Topic Quantum Computing

Uploaded by

Ayeaha Saddiqa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quantum Computing

Quantum Computing is the branch of computing which works on the principles of


quantum mechanics. They have humongous processing power.
 Quantum Computers use the knowledge of Physics, Math and Computer
Science.
 In 1998, three scientists of the Los Alamos National Laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and University of California
at Berkeley created the first quantum computer.

Need Of Quantum Computers:


EXAMPLE no 1
If we want to simulate (orbital and spin motion of all electrons) the one Molecule
of Caffeine, we need the CPU as the Size of Milky Way Galaxy, but quantum
computers can simulate it in very less time.
EXAMPLE no 2
Classical Computers cannot know about 100% brain, we only know about 10% of
brain, in order to decode human brains, quantum computers help us a lot.
Quantum Computing VS Classical Computing:
 Classical computers use the “bits” to perform calculations but, in quantum
computing, we use “Qubits”
 Quantum computers use ordinary Processor but, quantum computers use
special chips call “Quantum Chips”.

Working of Quantum Computers


As I mentioned earlier, Quantum Computers “Qubits” to speed up their
calculations.
Qubits:
A qubit is a two-state quantum system that can represent a 0, 1 and both at
time.

 Quantum bits can represent 0 and 1 and between states at one time because
of superposition of two states 0 and 1.
Superposition:
In quantum computing, superposition is the ability of
mechanical system to be in the state of 0 and 1 at one time.
 In the above picture, the basic colors superpose each other to form various
color. Likewise, bits are Superposed each other to form Qubit.
 As we know there is a large amount of bits in computer so these bits are
interlinked with each other through a process of Quantum entanglement.
 Only few “Q-bits” are entangled to perform a humongous calculation.
 For Example in Caffeine simulation calculation, we require 2^48 states.
 Classical Computers cannot calculate, but quantum computer does in with
the entanglement of only 48 Q-bits.
Role of these “Q-bits” to Fast processing of Quantum Computer:
Example no 1:
Let us consider an example of “Spinning Coin”. During spin of Coin, we cannot
guess which Part of coin is displayed to us. But, we can say that the coin is
calculating that which side will be displayed.
In the Same way, Quantum Chip uses Superposition to speed up its calculations.
Example no 2:
 In This puzzle, we need to reach at point 2 from 1.
When we use Classical Computer, it calculates the right
ways by visiting all ways one by one. It consumes More
time and resources.
 But Quantum Computer visits all ways at a time due
to superposition and give the best ways in seconds.
Disadvantage of Superposition in Quantum Computing:
 But after Superposition, there is 50% chance of showing Correct Answer.
 We tackle this situation by using the process of Interference.
Interference:
 Interference is the combination of two waves which resultant is either
combined or cancelled.
 In quantum computing, we use interference to show the correct superposed
calculation and cancel out wrong processing.
 We cancel out the Wrong Processing by Different algorithm. e.g: Gover’s
algorithm.
 These processes are done by “Quantum gates” in Quantum chip.

Examples:
 Google’s Sycamore
 Microsoft Azure Quantum computers
 D-wave Quantum Computer
Programming languages in Quantum Computers:
 Qiskit
 Cirq
 Quipper
 Microsoft Q#
 PyQuil
Potential Impact of Quantum Computers on Computing
Fast Processing:
 Quantum Computers will take the processing to next level. Due to them, we
will be able to solve complex problems in very less time.
Less Power Consumption:
 They also use very less resources and save our energy.
Artificial Intelligence and machine Learning:
 Quantum computers is true friend of Artificial intelligence and machine
Learning.
 It makes machine learning algorithms by quickly processing vast amount
of data.
 This is really helpful in in fields such as finance, healthcare, and climate
science etc.

Computational Efficiency and hardware Evolution:


 Quantum computers increase the efficiency of computing and also speed up
the betterment of computers hardware.
Better Drug Research:
 Due to quantum computers, we would discover new drugs in very less time.
Improved Investment portfolios:
 Quantum Computers are able to suggest us about shares market and
increasing our earnings.
Better Cybersecurity:
 The need of quantum computers in cybersecurity is inevitable. The
improved cybersecurity is very help for everyone in the world.
 They make our sensitive information secured and protective.
Molecules Simulations:
 Through quantum computers, we will be able to simulate the molecule and
they are very help in understanding the nature.
Challenges in building quantum computers
Error rates and quantum Noise:
 There are very errors in the calculations of Q-bits and there is the
requirement of solving the error.
 The more quantum computers have errors, the less efficiency they have.
Qubit coherence and decoherence:
 There is also present a coherence of Q-bits. This really disturbs the quantum
computers.
 That is why, Quantum Computers work in very Controlled Environment.
Scalability Issues and the path to practical quantum computers:
 As mentioned, due to the Q-Bits coherence and quantum noise, it is very
difficult to scale quantum computers in every house.
 They also require very low temperature, which is impossible in
maintenance in every house.
 But, we can use Quantum computers through cloud services.

 We will be able to quantum computer services through cloud.


Conclusion:
 Quantum computers have the Ability to change our future Completely.
 Quantum computers have estimated economy of 1.9 trillion dollars.
 We need to develop awareness and must have skillset to operate them.

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