Introduction Of Computer

Submitted By:Ibrar Ali Nawaz

Submitted To: Umair Shab
Introduction Of Computer December 30, 1899

Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................1
Hardware.................................................................................................................................................2
Software..................................................................................................................................................2
Memory...................................................................................................................................................2
Limitations...............................................................................................................................................2
Types of Computers.....................................................................................................................................2
Analogue Computer.................................................................................................................................2
Digital Computer......................................................................................................................................3
Hybrid Computer.....................................................................................................................................3
Super computer.......................................................................................................................................3
Mainframe computer..............................................................................................................................3
Miniframe or Minicomputer....................................................................................................................4

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Introduction Of Computer December 30, 1899

Introduction
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out
sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation). Modern digital
electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs.
These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. Computers can
perform a wide range of tasks, including:
 Writing documents
 Sending emails
 Playing games
 Browsing the internet
 Creating presentations
 Listening to music
 Watching videos

Computers work by following instructions, or programs, stored in their

memory. These instructions tell the computer's hardware what to do and how to do
it.
Here are some things to know about computers:
Hardware
The physical parts of a computer that you can touch, such as the keyboard, mouse,
and computer itself
Software
The instructions, or programs, that tell the hardware what to do. Examples include
word processors, games, and web browsers
Memory
A computer's internal storage for data. Data can also be stored on removable media
like CDs and pen drives

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Introduction Of Computer December 30, 1899

Limitations
Computers can only perform tasks that they have been programmed to do. They
can't do any work without instructions from the user.

Types of Computers
We can categorize computer in two ways: on the basis of data handling capabilities
and size.
On the basis of data handling capabilities, the computer is of three types:
Analogue Computer
Digital Computer
Hybrid Computer
Analogue Computer
Analogue computers are designed to process analogue data. Analogue data is
continuous data that changes continuously and cannot have discrete values. We can
say that analogue computers are used where we don't need exact values always
such as speed, temperature, pressure and current.
Analogue computers directly accept the data from the measuring device without
first converting it into numbers and codes. They measure the continuous changes in
physical quantity and generally render output as a reading on a dial or
scale. Speedometer and mercury thermometer are examples of analogue
computers.
Digital Computer
Digital computer is designed to perform calculations and logical operations at high
speed. It accepts the raw data as input in the form of digits or binary numbers (0
and 1) and processes it with programs stored in its memory to produce the output.
All modern computers like laptops, desktops including smartphones that we use at
home or office are digital computers.
Hybrid Computer
Hybrid computer has features of both analogue and digital computer. It is fast like
an analogue computer and has memory and accuracy like digital computers. It can
process both continuous and discrete data. It accepts analogue signals and convert
them into digital form before processing. So, it is widely used in specialized
applications where both analogue and digital data is processed. For example, a

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Introduction Of Computer December 30, 1899

processor is used in petrol pumps that converts the measurements of fuel flow into
quantity and price. Similarly, they are used in airplanes, hospitals, and scientific
applications.
Super computer
Supercomputers are the biggest and fastest computers. They are designed to
process huge amount of data. A supercomputer can process trillions of instructions
in a second. It has thousands of interconnected processors.
Supercomputers are particularly used in scientific and engineering applications
such as weather forecasting, scientific simulations and nuclear energy research.
The first supercomputer was developed by Roger Cray in 1976.
Mainframe computer
Mainframe computers are designed to support hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously. They can support multiple programs at the same time. It means
they can execute different processes simultaneously. These features of mainframe
computers make them ideal for big organizations like banking and telecom sectors,
which need to manage and process high volume of data.
Mainframe computers are designed to support hundreds or thousands of users
simultaneously. They can support multiple programs at the same time. It means
they can execute different processes simultaneously. These features of mainframe
computers make them ideal for big organizations like banking and telecom sectors,
which need to manage and process a high volume of data that requires integer
operations such as indexing, comparisons, etc.
Miniframe or Minicomputer
It is a midsize multiprocessing computer. It consists of two or more processors and
can support 4 to 200 users at one time. Miniframe computers are used in institutes
and departments for tasks such as billing, accounting and inventory management. A
minicomputer lies between the mainframe and microcomputer as it is smaller than
mainframe but larger than a microcomputer.