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Generations

Generations of Computer

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NOOR MALAIKA
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5 views3 pages

Generations

Generations of Computer

Uploaded by

NOOR MALAIKA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit:1 Emerging Technologies

Topic: Generations of Computer

First Generation (1940-1956)

- Vacuum Tubes: Used as the primary electronic components

- Machine Language: Only programming language used

- No Operating System: Programs were loaded manually

- Large Size: Occupied entire rooms

- Low Speed: Performed calculations slowly and consumed a lot of power and
electricity.

Second Generation (1956-1963)

- Transistors: Replaced vacuum tubes for increased efficiency

- Assembly Language: Introduced for easier programming

- Batch Processing: Operating systems enabled automated processing

- Smaller Size: Computers became smaller and more reliable

- Faster Speed: Transistors increased processing speed. Power and electricity


consumption became less.

Third Generation (1964-1971)

- Integrated Circuits: Further miniaturized electronic components

- High-Level Languages: Programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN


emerged

- Multiprocessing: Operating systems enabled multiple tasks to run


concurrently

- Commercial Applications: Computers became widely used in businesses

- Improved User Interface: Keyboards and monitors became standard


input/output devices

Fourth Generation (1972-1990)

- Microprocessors: Central processing units (CPUs) contained on a single chip


- Personal Computers: Computers became affordable and accessible to
individuals

- Graphical User Interface (GUI): Visual interfaces like Apple’s Macintosh and
Microsoft’s Windows revolutionized user interaction

- Networking: Computers began to connect and communicate with each


other

- Increased Storage: Hard disk drives and floppy disks provided greater
storage capacity

Fifth Generation (1990-Present)

- Artificial Intelligence (AI): Computers began to incorporate AI and machine


learning capabilities

- Internet and World Wide Web: Global networking and information sharing
became ubiquitous

- Mobile Devices: Laptops, smartphones, and tablets transformed the way


people interact with computers

- Cloud Computing: On-demand access to computing resources and storage


over the internet

- Advanced User Interfaces: Touchscreens, voice assistants, and augmented


reality interfaces continue to evolve.

Devices

First Generation (1940-1956)

1. *UNIVAC 1* (1951) – Remington Rand

2. *ENIAC* (1946) – John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

3. *EDVAC* (1949) – John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

4. *IBM 701* (1953) – IBM

5. *Ferranti Mark 1* (1951) – Ferranti

Second Generation (1956-1963)

1. *IBM 1401* (1959) – IBM


2. *UNIVAC 1107* (1959) – Remington Rand

3. *CDC 1604* (1962) – Control Data Corporation

4. *DEC PDP-1* (1960) – Digital Equipment Corporation

5. *Honeywell 400* (1960) – Honeywell

Third Generation (1964-1971)

1. *IBM System/360* (1964) – IBM

2. *DEC PDP-8* (1965) – Digital Equipment Corporation

3. *Honeywell 6000* (1967) – Honeywell

4. *UNIVAC 1108* (1965) – Sperry Rand

5. *CDC 6600* (1964) – Control Data Corporation

Fourth Generation (1972-1990)

1. *Apple II* (1977) – Apple

2. *IBM PC* (1981) – IBM

3. *Commodore 64* (1982) – Commodore

4. *DEC VAX* (1977) – Digital Equipment Corporation

5. *Sun Microsystems Sun-1* (1982) – Sun Microsystems

Fifth Generation (1990-Present)

1. *Apple MacBook* (2006) – Apple

2. *Dell Inspiron* (1997) – Dell

3. *HP Pavilion* (1995) – HP

4. *Lenovo ThinkPad* (1992) – Lenovo

5. *Microsoft Surface* (2012) – Microsoft

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