Scribd
Upload
23 views14 pages

Unit 2 (L) Parathyroid Cancer, Educational Platform

Uploaded by

Zohaib Javed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views14 pages

Unit 2 (L) Parathyroid Cancer, Educational Platform

Uploaded by

Zohaib Javed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

PARATHYROID CANCER

By
NAWAZ KHAN
BSN 4TH
KHYBER MEDICAL
UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
SCIENCES PESHAWAR
OBJECTIVES
• Discuss parathyroid cancer with its causes
• Pathophysiology
• Sign and Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Management
• Describe treatment modalities
of patients with parathyroid disorders

Educational Platform
PARATHYROID CANCER
• Also known as parathyroid carcinoma
• It is a rare type of cancer that affects the
parathyroid glands
• These are four small glands located in the
neck, near the thyroid gland.
• These glands produce parathyroid hormone
(PTH), which regulates calcium levels in the
blood.

Educational Platform
CAUSES
• There isn’t a known cause.
• The following rare genetic disorders are
considered risk factors
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1).
Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP).
Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome.
Past radiation therapy for your head or neck
can also increase your risk of

Educational Platform
TYPES
There are two kinds of parathyroid cancer.
 FUNCTIONAL PARATHYROD CANCER
The more common of the two types is when the cancer
cells cause your parathyroid gland to produce and
release too much parathyroid hormone (PTH), which
increases calcium levels in your blood.
 NON FUNCTIONAL PRATHYROID CANCER
The other form of parathyroid cancer is non-functioning
parathyroid carcinoma (cancer). Non-functioning
parathyroid carcinoma accounts for less than 10% of
parathyroid cancer cases, making it extremely rare.
Pathophysiology

 Parathyroid carcinomas often present with a


palpable neck mass
 parathyroid cancer causes severe
hyperparathyroidism
 Renal (nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and
polyuria)
 skeletal symptoms (bone pain, osteopenia, and
pathologic fracture) are common in this disorder
 Increased presence of combined bone and
kidney disease

Educational Platform
Signs and Symptoms

• A higher frequency of symptomatic hypercalcemia


• Nausea, vomiting
• Abdominal pain, constipation
• Fatigue, myopathy
• Disorientation and neurocognitive deficits
• Very high serum PTH concentrations as well as
absolute PTH levels >500 mg/dL
• Serum calcium levels >14 es
Signs and Symptoms
Most of the symptoms of parathyroid cancer are actually
symptoms of hypercalcemia that develop because of it
hypercalcemia include:
• Having to pee more often than usual (frequent urination).
• Being thirstier than usual.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Not feeling as hungry as usual
• Constipation.
• Feeling really tired.
• Feeling depressed.
• Forgetfulness or memory loss.
• Muscle aches, weakness and/or cramping

Educational Platform
Educational Platform
Educational Platform

Diagnosis
The diagnosis of parathyroid cancer involves
 1. Clinical evaluation:
• Medical history
• Physical examination
• Review of symptoms
 2. Laboratory tests:
• Serum calcium levels (elevated in most cases)
• PTH levels (elevated in most cases)
• Kidney function tests
• Blood chemistry tests (e.g., electrolytes, liver function)
 3. Imaging studies:
• - Ultrasound (neck and thyroid)
• - CT scan (neck, chest, and abdomen)
• - MRI scan (neck and thyroid)
• - Sestamibi scan
• - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)
 4. Histopathological examination:
Examination of tissue samples under a
microscope to confirm cancer.
 5. Genetic testing: To identify genetic mutations
associated with parathyroid cancer

Educational Platform
TREATMENT
The management and treatment of parathyroid cancer typically involve
a multidisciplinary approach, including
• Surgery
• Radiation therapy,
• and Medical Management.
 Surgery
– En bloc resection: Removal of the tumor, affected parathyroid gland,
and surrounding tissues.
– Thyroidectomy: Removal of part or all of the thyroid gland.
– Lymph node dissection: Removal of nearby lymph nodes.
 Radiation Therapy
– External beam radiation: Directed at the tumor site or metastases
– Intraoperative radiation: Applied during surgery
• Medical Management:
– Hormone therapy: To control hyperparathyroidism
and related symptoms
– Bisphosphonates: To manage hypercalcemia and
bone disease
– Chemotherapy: May be considered for advanced or
metastatic disease
• Other Interventions:
– Supportive care: To manage symptoms and side
effects.
– Follow-up care: Regular monitoring

Educational Platform
Utilization of nursing process in patients with
parathyroid gland disorders study it by
yourselves.

Educational Platform
Educational Platform

You might also like