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MYP – 2
Mathematics
Unit One - Integers

Name: -----------------------------
Class: -------------------------------

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 Integers
1.1 WHAT IS AN INTEGER?
Integers are groups of numbers that are defined as the union of positive numbers, and
negative numbers, and zero is called an Integer. ‘Integer’ comes from the Latin language
word that means ‘whole’ or ‘intact’. Integers do not include fractions or decimals.

POSITIVE NUMBERS
Positive numbers are the opposite of negative numbers.
They can be written with a positive sign (+) before the number, but we normally see
them with no sign at all and we assume the number is positive.
For instance:
10 meters above sea level’ would be written as +10 or just 10
Having E30 would be written as +30

NEGATIVE NUMBERS
Negative numbers are written with a negative sign (-) before the number.
For instance:
10 meters below sea level’ would be written as -10
Owing E30 would be written as -30
3 floors below ground level’ would be written as -3.
In each case a measurement is being taken from a reference position of zero such as sea
level or ground level.

3 floors above ground level would be written as +3.

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 OPPOSITES
The opposite of a positive number is a negative number. For example, the opposite of 5 is
written as −5 (pronounced ‘negative five’ or ‘minus five’). The set of integers is the set of all
positive and negative numbers (and zero) that are neither fraction nor decimal.
Integers can be represented on a number line, like the one below:

A number line can be drawn vertically as well:

Note that positive numbers can be written with or without the ‘+’ sign. For example, ‘8’
and ‘+8’ are equivalent. Frequently the + sign is left out, and you can assume that the
number is positive.

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 Practice 1

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 Practice 2

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 1.2 REPRESENTING ON NUMBER LINE
As we have discussed previously, it is possible to visually represent the three categories of
integers – positive, negative, and zero – on a number line.
Zero serves as the midpoint for integers on the number line. Positive integers occupy the right
side of zero, while negative integers populate the left side. Refer to the diagram below for a
visual representation.

Practice 1

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 Practice 2
Draw a number line to help you in these questions

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 1.3 ABSOLUTE VALUE
A number and its opposite are both the same distance from zero. This distance from zero is
called the absolute value of a number and is represented using the symbol ‘| |’ . For example,
|−3| is ‘the absolute value of three’. | −3 | = 3, because −3 is three units from zero.

Practice 1

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 Practice 2

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 1.4 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF INTEGERS

Addition of Integers
Addition of integers is similar to finding the sum of two integers.

Subtraction of Integers
Subtraction of integers is similar to finding the difference between two integers .

Same sign add and

keep the sign,
different sign subtract
and keep the sign of
the bigger number.

When a question has an operation (such as +, -) nest to a positive or negative sign

(usually with brackets), you whould combine these into one operation. Use the rules:
• If the operations and the sign are the same, they combine to give a '+'.
• If the operations and the sign are different, they cobine to give '-'.

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 Practice 1

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 Practice 2

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 Practice 3

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 1.5 MULTIPLICATIONS AND DIVISION OF INTEGERS
Multiplication of Integers
To multiply integers, first determine the product of the digits and then determine whether
the sign will be positive or negative.

Division of Integers
The same rules apply to division with integers as for multiplication. First, ignore the signs and
determine the quotient, then determine the signs of your final answer.

Example: Multiply (-6) × 3

Solution: Using the rules of multiplication of integers, when we multiply a positive

and negative integer, the product has a negative sign.

Therefore, (-6) × 3 = -18

Example: Divide (-15) ÷ 3

Solution: Using the rules of division of integers, when we divide a negative integer
by a positive integer, the quotient has a negative sign.

Therefore, (-15) ÷ 3 = -5
Same sign gives
positive and
different signs
give a negative
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 Practice 1

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 Practice 2

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 Practice 3

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 1.6 Coordinate Grid
A coordinate plane is a two-dimensional surface formed by two number lines. It is
formed when a horizontal line (the X-axis) and a vertical line (the Y-axis) intersect at
a point called the origin. The numbers on a coordinate grid are used to locate points.
A coordinate plane can be used to graph points, lines, and much more. It acts as a
map and yields precise directions from one point to another.

Quadrants on a Coordinate Plane

A quadrant can be defined as a region/part of a coordinate plane obtained when the two
axes intersect each other.

• First quadrant: x > 0, y > 0

• Second quadrant: x < 0, y > 0
• Third quadrant: x < 0, y < 0
• Fourth quadrant: x > 0, y < 0

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 Locating a Point on the Coordinate Plane

Observe the figure and the steps given below to locate a point on the coordinate
plane.

• Step 1: Observe the blue dot on the coordinate graph.

• Step 2: It is in the second quadrant.
• Step 3: The point is 3 units away from the origin along the negative X-axis.
• Step 4: The point is 2 units away from the origin along the positive Y-axis.

Important Points on Coordinate Plane:

• The first quadrant (+, +) known as the positive coordinates quadrant, is represented by the Roman
numeral I.
• The second quadrant (-, +) is represented by the Roman numeral II.
• The third quadrant (-, -) is represented by the Roman numeral III.
• The fourth quadrant (+, -) is represented by the Roman numeral IV.
• The coordinates of any point are enclosed in brackets.

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 Practice 1

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 Practice 2

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 Practice 3

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 Unit review

7) A temperature is -10°C in the morning and rises by 8°C during the day.
Calculate the temperature at the end of the day?
8) If John has $20 and spends $8 on a book, how much money does he have
left?
9) Solve the following word problem: "Maria has 6 red apples and gives 3 to
her friend. How many apples does she have left?"
10) The sum of two consecutive integers is 25. What are the integers?
11) A rectangular garden is 12 meters long and 8 meters wide. What is its
area?
12) A boat travels 24 km downstream in 2 hours and returns upstream in 3
hours. Find the speed of the current and the speed of the boat in still
water.

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 13)

14)

15) Hamza

16)

17)

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