Conditionals (Zero, First, Second and Third) -If you hadn’t forgotten her birthday, she wouldn’t have

រក្សាសិទ្ធ been upset.

The Zero Conditional: If+ present simple, -What would you have studied if you hadn’t done engineering?
present simple. -They wouldn’t have hired you if you hadn’t had some experience
abroad.
Use: We use the zero conditional to talk about permanent truths,
such as scientific facts, and general habits.
Ex: - If you heat water to 100°, it boils.
- If it doesn’t rain for a long time, the earth gets very dry. Conditionals (Zero, First, Second and Third)
The First : If+ present simple, S+(will/ can/ រក្សាសិទ្ធ

may/ must)+v1+obj. The Zero Conditional: If+ present simple,

Use: We use the first conditional to talk about a realistic situation in present simple.
the present or future. Use: We use the zero conditional to talk about permanent truths,
Ex: - If you’re free later, we can go for a walk. such as scientific facts, and general habits.
- If he studies hard, he’ll do well in the exam. Ex: - If you heat water to 100°, it boils.
- If we arrive late, we must get a taxi. - If it doesn’t rain for a long time, the earth gets very dry.
The Second : If+ past simple, S+(would/ The First : If+ present simple, S+(will/ can/
may/ must)+v1+obj.
could/might)+v1+obj. Use: We use the first conditional to talk about a realistic situation in
Use: We use the second conditional to talk about improbable or the present or future.
impossible situations in the present or future. Ex: - If you’re free later, we can go for a walk.
Ex: - If I had more time, I’d exercise more. (But I don’t have more - If he studies hard, he’ll do well in the exam.
time so I don’t.) - If we arrive late, we must get a taxi.
- If I were rich, I’d spend all my time travelling. (But I’m not The Second : If+ past simple, S+(would/
rich so I can’t.) could/might)+v1+obj.
- If he didn’t have to work late, he could go out with his
girlfriend. Use: We use the second conditional to talk about improbable or
A common expression used to give advice has the second conditional impossible situations in the present or future.
structure. The expression is ‘If I were you, I’d..’, meaning ‘in your Ex: - If I had more time, I’d exercise more. (But I don’t have more
situation, this is what I would do’. For example : time so I don’t.)
Ex: If I were you, I’d phone the customer to let them know. - If I were rich, I’d spend all my time travelling. (But I’m not
rich so I can’t.)
The Third :If+ past perfect, S+(would/ - If he didn’t have to work late, he could go out with his
could/might)+have+v 3+obj girlfriend.
Use: We use the third conditional to talk about impossible situations, A common expression used to give advice has the second conditional
as in the second conditional, in the past. We often use the third structure. The expression is ‘If I were you , I’d..’, meaning ‘in your
conditional to describe regrets. situation, this is what I would do’. For example :
Ex: - If we had left earlier, we would have arrived on time. Ex: If I were you, I’d phone the customer to let them know.
-If they had booked earlier, they could have found better seats.
-If I hadn’t learnt English, I wouldn’t have got this job.
- You could have helped me if you’d stayed later.
 The Third : If+ past perfect, 4. If you practice a lot, ....................................
S+(would/could/might)+have+v 3+obj a. You are learning quickly b. you’ll learn quickly
5. If she’d studied harder, .......................................
Use: We use the third conditional to talk about impossible situations, a. She’d have passed the exam b. she’ll have passed the exam
as in the second conditional, in the past. We often use the third
6. What would you do, ...........................................................?
conditional to describe regrets.
a. If you won the lottery b. if you win the lottery
Ex: - If we had left earlier, we would have arrived on time.
7. If I had more free time, ...................................
-If they had booked earlier, they could have found better seats.
a. I could go to the gym b. I’ll go to the gym
-If I hadn’t learnt English, I wouldn’t have got this job.
8. We would have arrived on time, ...............................
- You could have helped me if you’d stayed later.
a. if the train wouldn’t been late b. if the train hadn’t been late.
-If you hadn’t forgotten her birthday, she wouldn’t have
9. If she hadn’t worn a helmet, she .......................................
been upset.
a. could have died b. will die c. would die
-What would you have studied if you hadn’t done engineering?
10. If you didn’t talk, I .............................................
-They wouldn’t have hired you if you hadn’t had some experience
a. Will concentrate b. could concentrate
abroad. Exercises1:
Exercises1:
A) Decide which of the sentences below is conditional type1, 2 or 3 is:
A) Decide which of the sentences below is conditional type1, 2 or 3 is:
1. ..............................If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
1. .....................................If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
2. .....She wouldn’t have missed the train if she had woken up earlier.
2. .....She wouldn’t have missed the train if she had woken up earlier.
3. .................I’ll call you if I come back early.
3. ......................................................I’ll call you if I come back early.
B) Put the verbs in the correct tense (conditional 1):
B) Put the verbs in the correct tense (conditional 1):
1. If I (finish) ......................early, I will call you.
1. If I (finish) .........................................................early, I will call you.
2. I (catch) ..............................the train at 9:00 if I hurry up.
2. I (catch) .................................................the train at 9:00 if I hurry up.
3. She will know the answer, if she (try) ..........................to understand.
3. She will know the answer, if she (try) .............................to understand.
C) Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 2):
C) Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 2):
1. If I (be) ......................................a star, I would help the needy.
1. If I (be) .......................................................a star, I would help the needy.
2. He (buy) ......................................a house if he had a job.
2. He (buy) .................................................................a house if he had a job.
3. She (be) ...................................happy, if she married him.
3. She (be) ............................................................happy, if she married him.
D) Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 3):
D) Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (conditional 3):
1. If he (be) ................careful, he would not have had that terrible accident.
1. If he (be) ................careful, he would not have had that terrible accident.
2. I (pass) ...................................................the exam if I had worked hard.
2. I (pass) ...................................................the exam if I had worked hard.
3. Her father would not have died, if he (go) ...........................to the doctor.
3. Her father would not have died, if he (go) ...........................to the doctor.
4. If the USA government (spend) .................................all the money given.
4. If the USA government (spend) .................................all the money given.
5. We wouldn`t have been able to make conditional statements if Dara
5. We wouldn`t have been able to make conditional statements if Dara
(teach) ................................................... us the practical grammar.
(teach) ............................................................ us the practical grammar.
Exercises2: Chose the correct answer
Exercises2: Chose the correct answer
1. We can't go for a walk ..............
1. We can't go for a walk ..............
a.If it rained heavily b. if it will rain heavily c. if it rains heavily
a. If it rained heavily b. if it will rain heavily c. if it rains heavily
2. If I were you, .....................................
2. If I were you, .....................................
a. I wouldn’t keep that car b. I won’t keep that car c. I don’t keep car
a. I wouldn’t keep that car b. I won’t keep that car c. I don’t keep car
3. If the kids are hungry ........................
3. If the kids are hungry ........................
a. I’d make some sandwiches b. I’ll make some sandwiches
a. I’d make some sandwiches b. I’ll make some sandwiches
4. If you practice a lot, .................................... 3. If the weather _____ (not improve), we ……….. (not go) to the beach.
a. You are learning quicklyb. you’ll learn quickly 4. She ……. (not get) the job if she …….. (not prepare) for the interview.
5. If she’d studied harder, ....................................... 5. If he …………… (not exercise) regularly, he …….. (not stay) healthy.
a. She’d have passed the exam b. she’ll have passed the exam 3. Question Form
6. What would you do, ...........................................................? Fill in the gaps with the correct first conditional form to make questions:
a. If you won the lottery b. if you win the lottery 1. What ………………… you ………. (do) if it …….. (rain) tomorrow?
7. If I had more free time, ................................... 2. If she ……….. (call) you tonight, ……… you …… (answer) her call?
a. I could go to the gym b. I’ll go to the gym 3. ………… he ………… (pass) the test if he ………... (study) enough?
8. We would have arrived on time, ............................... 4. If they ………..(win) the lottery, what ………… they ………. (buy)?
a. if the train wouldn’t been late b. if the train hadn’t been late. 5. ……….. she …………. (feel) better if she ……. (take) the medicine?
9. If she hadn’t worn a helmet, she ....................................... 4. Passive Voice
a. could have died b. will die c. would die Complete the sentences using the passive voice in the first conditional:
10. If you didn’t talk, I ............................................. 1. If the project is successful, it _____ (announce) on the news.
a. Will concentrate b. could concentrate 2. The book _____ (read) by many people if it _____ (publish) this year.
Structure Of First Conditional 3. If the order _____ (place) today, it _____ (deliver) by tomorrow.
4. New rules _____ (create) if the situation _____ (not improve).
1. Positive Form: If + S+V1+ obj, S+ will + obj.
5. If the documents _____ (lose), new copies _____ (make).
Example: If it rains, I will stay at home.
2. Negative Form: If+ S+ do/does+ not+V1+obj,
Positive Form (25 Exercises)
S+will+not+V1+obj.
1. If you _____ (study) now, you _____ (do) well on the test.
Add “not” after the auxiliary verb "will" or in the main clause:
2. She _____ (call) you if she _____ (need) help.
Example: If she doesn’t come, we won’t start.
3. If they _____ (arrive) on time, they _____ (see) the opening ceremony.
3. Question Form: If+S+(ps or nt form) 4. We _____ (go) to the concert if we _____ (buy) tickets.
+V1+obj, will+S+V1+obj. 5. If he _____ (eat) too much, he _____ (feel) sick.
Use will + subject + base verb in the result clause to form a question. 6. The team _____ (win) if they _____ (play) well.
Example: If it rains, will you stay at home? 7. If the sun _____ (shine), we _____ (go) to the beach.
4. Passive Voice : If + S+(am, is, are) 8. They _____ (understand) if you _____ (explain) it clearly.
+V3+obj, S+ will be + v3+ ... 9. If she _____ (cook) dinner, we _____ (help) clean up.
Example: If the meeting is canceled, everyone will be informed. 10. I _____ (visit) you if I _____ (have) free time.
Exercise 3: 11. The dog _____ (not run) away if you _____ (close) the gate.
1. Positive Form 12. If they _____ (study) more, they _____ (succeed).
Complete the sentences using the first conditional in the positive form: 13. We _____ (plan) a trip if we _____ (save) enough money.
1. If you ………………… (study) hard, you ……………. (pass) the exam. 14. If you _____ (ask) for directions, I _____ (help).
2. They ……….. (invite) us to the party if they …….. (have) enough space. 15. If it _____ (snow) tonight, we _____ (build) a snowman tomorrow.
3. If the weather ………. (be) nice tomorrow, we ………. (go) for a picnic. 16. I _____ (help) you with your homework if you _____ (ask) me.
4. I ……………. (call) you later if I ………….. (find) your phone number. 17. If he _____ (come) early, he _____ (have) time to prepare.
5. If he ………… (finish) his work early, he …………………. (help) you. 18. They _____ (not know) the answer if you _____ (not tell) them.
2. Negative Form 19. If you _____ (be) patient, good things _____ (happen).
Rewrite these sentences in the negative first conditional form: 20. She _____ (win) if she _____ (practice) harder.
1. If you don’t leave early, you ………………………… (miss) the train. 21. The flowers _____ (die) if you _____ (not water) them.
2. They won’t ……………. (visit) us if we …………... (not invite) them. 22. If you _____ (learn) another language, you _____ (get) a better job.
23. We _____ (eat) out if we _____ (finish) early. 11. Where _____ he _____ (work) if this job _____ (end)?
24. If you _____ (call) me later, I _____ (answer). 12. How long _____ she _____ (stay) if we _____ (invite) her?
25. If the store _____ (offer) discounts, I _____ (buy) new clothes. 13. _____ they _____ (travel) abroad if they _____ (get) their passports?
Negative Form (25 Exercises) 14. What _____ I _____ (need) if I _____ (apply) for the visa?
1. If you _____ (not try), you _____ (not succeed). 15. Who _____ we _____ (meet) if we _____ (attend) the seminar?
2. I _____ (not cook) dinner if the stove _____ (not work). 16. If they _____ (buy) tickets, _____ we _____ (join) them?
3. If she _____ (not apologize), he _____ (not forgive) her.4. They _____ 17. If you _____ (see) them, _____ you _____ (tell) them?
(not travel) if the borders _____ (not open). 18. What _____ you _____ (say) if they _____ (ask) about the project?
5. The children _____ (not behave) well if they _____ (not be) supervised. 19. _____ she _____ (cancel) the meeting if he _____ (not confirm)?
6. If he _____ (not answer) my email, I _____ (not send) another. 20. How _____ we _____ (finish) on time if no one _____ (help)?
7. She _____ (not get) better if she _____ (not take) her medicine. 21. Who _____ they _____ (contact) if there _____ (be) an issue?
8. If we _____ (not book) a table, we _____ (not find) seats. 22. What _____ you _____ (eat) if the restaurant _____ (be) closed?
9. I _____ (not go) hiking if the weather _____ (not improve). 23. How _____ they _____ (react) if we _____ (tell) the truth?
10. If you _____ (not listen), you _____ (not understand). 24. Will _____ she _____ (feel) better if she _____ (take) medicine?
11. The match _____ (not take) place if it _____ (not stop) raining. 25. What _____ I _____ (do) if the internet _____ (stop) working?
12. If he _____ (not bring) his ID, he _____ (not enter). Passive Voice (25 Exercises)
13. If we _____ (not pack) lunch, we _____ (not eat). 1. If the letter _____ (send) today, it _____ (arrive) tomorrow.
14. They _____ (not send) an email if they _____ (not have) the address. 2. The document _____ (print) if the printer _____ (work).
15. The shop _____ (not open) if there _____ (not be) any staff. 3. If the presentation _____ (prepare), it _____ (be) successful.
16. If I _____ (not lock) the door, someone _____ (break in). 4. The parcel _____ (not deliver) if the address _____ (not update).
17. She _____ (not do) well if she _____ (not focus). 5. If the emails _____ (check), the errors _____ (find).
18. If the dogs _____ (not stop) barking, the neighbors _____ (not be) 6. The room _____ (clean) if the cleaners _____ (come).
happy. 7. If the food _____ (not prepare), the guests _____ (not eat).
19. We _____ (not have) a picnic if it _____ (not stop) snowing. 8. If the package _____ (ship) now, it _____ (arrive) by Monday.
20. If you _____ (not read), you _____ (not gain) knowledge. 9. The paper _____ (not mark) if the students _____ (not submit).
21. The car _____ (not start) if you _____ (not charge) the battery. 10. If the file _____ (lost), a backup _____ (be) needed.
22. If you _____ (not work) harder, you _____ (not reach) your goals. 11. The documents _____ (sign) if the manager _____ (be) available.
23. If the delivery _____ (not come), we _____ (not open) the store. 12. If the party _____ (organize), everyone _____ (have) fun.
24. They _____ (not pass) if they _____ (not study). 13. The machine _____ (not operate) if the instructions _____ (not
25. If I _____ (not have) time, I _____ (not finish) the project. follow).
Question Form (25 Exercises) 14. If the course _____ (advertise), more students _____ (enroll).
1. What _____ they _____ (do) if they _____ (miss) the bus? 15. The flowers _____ (plant) if it _____ (not snow).
2. Where _____ we _____ (go) if the beach _____ (be) too crowded? 16. If the tickets _____ (book), we _____ (have) seats.
3. _____ she _____ (help) us if we _____ (ask) for assistance? 17. The painting _____ (hang) if the frame _____ (fit).18. If the team
4. What _____ happen if the teacher _____ (not arrive) on time? _____ (support), they _____ (win).
5. _____ they _____ (give) a discount if we _____ (buy) in bulk? 19. The project _____ (complete) if it _____ (start) soon.
6. Who _____ they _____ (blame) if the plan _____ (not succeed)? 20. If the money _____ (allocate), the charity _____ (grow).
7. How _____ you _____ (know) if no one _____ (tell) you? 21. The form _____ (fill) if instructions _____ (provided).
8. What _____ we _____ (do) if the train _____ (not come)? 22. If the cake _____ (bake) properly, it _____ (taste) delicious.
9. Who _____ you _____ (ask) if no one _____ (be) available? 23. The old documents _____ (destroy) if no one _____ (want) them.
10. When _____ the package _____ (arrive) if they _____ (ship) it today? 24. If the key _____ (not find), the door _____ (remain) locked.
25. The message _____ (translate) if it _____ (send) abroad. 12. If you don’t hurry, you ______ the bus.
Exercise 4: a) missing
1. If I ………………………………………..you, I would apologize. b) missed
a) am b) were c) was d) will c) will miss
2. He will come to your party if you ………. him. d) miss
a) invites b) inviting c) invited d) invite
3. If she ______ harder, she would have passed the exam.
a) studied b) studies c) had studied d) study 13. If she ______ more confident, she would apply for the job.
4. If it rains tomorrow, we ______ at home. a) was
a) stayed b) stay c) would stay d) will stay b) is
5. You wouldn’t feel so tired if you ______ to bed earlier. c) had been
a) went b) go c) have gone d) goes d) will be
6. If I had saved more money, I ______ to travel last summer.
a) would have been able. b) will be able. c) can be able d) could
7. If I ______ rich, I would travel the world. 14. He wouldn’t have failed the test if he ______ better.
a) is b) was c) were d) have been a) studied
8. I’ll call you if I ______ any news. b) has studied
a) hears b) heard c) hearing d) hear c) had studied
9. If I ______ you yesterday, I would have told you about the d) was studying
meeting.
a) had seen
b) saw 15. If it ______ warmer today, we could go for a picnic.
c) see a) has been
d) have seen b) were
c) will be
d) being
10. You can borrow my car as long as you ______ care of it.
a) take
b) took 16. If they invite me, I ______ to the wedding.
c) taken a) am going
d) taking b) would go
c) will go
d) gone
11. If they ______ the train earlier, they would have arrived on time.
a) caught
b) catches 17. If you had asked her, she ______ you.
c) had caught a) helps
d) catching b) helped
c) will help
d) would have helped
18. You wouldn’t get wet if you ______ an umbrella.
a) bring
b) brought
c) had brought
d) bringing

19. If she ______ late again, the teacher will call her parents.
a) be
b) is
c) was
d) has been

20. If I ______ him yesterday, I would have given him your message.
a) saw
b) have seen
c) had seen
d) will see