Lesson 1

Hooke’s Law

1.Explain the concept of Hooke’s Law ;

2. Identify the point on a graph in an experiment on a spring,
where Hooke’s law no longer applies ;
3. Solve problems using Hooke’s Law.

We learned that force affects the motion of an object and such effect is described by
Newton’s Laws of Motion. This time you will learn the effect of
force on the size or shape of an object, particularly solid objects.
One of the earliest scientists to study such effect is Robert
Hooke, an English physicist born on July 28,1635. Hooke
discovered relationship between the force and the defor-
mation caused by such force. The relationship is described
in a law called Hooke's Law.

Hooke’s Law Formula is given as

F = -K x
Where,

 F is the amount of force applied in N,

 x is the displacement in the spring in m,
 k is the spring constant or force constant.

Hooke’s law formula can be applied to determine the force constant, displacement, and
force in a stretched spring.

More than 300 years ago, Hooke’s Law is used by civil engineers, mechanical
Advance Physics 1
engineers and material scientists to carefully select structural materials that are
able to safely endure everyday stress. Architects who once choose stone for its
aesthetic appeal now choose steel for its long-term endurance. For biomedical
engineers, titanium is often the material of choice for its elasticity, bio-compatibil-
ity and more importantly, its capability to withstand the force or weight acting on
it.

The following terms will help you understand concept on Hooke’s Law. Match
the terms in column A with the description in Column B. Write your answers in
your notebook.

A B
1. Elasticity a. equality between two relation
2. 9.8m/s2 b. unit of force
3. Compression c. force exerted on a body by gravity
4. Mass d. weighing scale
5.Force e. metal coil that can be pressed or Pulled.
6. Spring balance f. ability to return to its original Shape when force is re-
moved
7.Spring g. push or pull.
8.Direct proportional h. constant value of “g”.
9.Newton i. quantitative measure of Inertia.
10.Weight j. method of reducing length or size of an object.

Figures below show how a spring stretches (extends its length) as different
masses are hung. Read and observe how the amount of force (the weight of the
mass hung on the spring) affect the elongation of the spring. Complete the table
below for your observation.

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Assume that the reading is zero when the force is zero. The first two points is
done for you.

cm cm
cm

Figure A Figure B Figure C

cm cm
cm

Figure D Figure E Figure F

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Directions A. Complete the table based on the figures presented.

A B C D E F

Force (N)(Weight of the mass 1 2

hang on spring)

Elongation of spring (cm) 2 4

B. Plot the Length (cm) against Force (N) in a graph. Length (cm) be in x-axis,
Force (N) in Y-axis. (Use Graphing paper)
Force in New-
ton

Elongation of spring in cm

Process Questions: Write you answers in your answer sheet.

1. In springs A to D, what happens to the elongation of the spring when the

force applied is doubled?
2. What relationship exist between the elongation in length to the force that
causes it?
3. Determine the point in a graph where it stops obeying your statement in
no.2? Why is this so?

C. Calculate the slope between each point and the initial point using the slope
formula: The first pair is done for you.

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 y2 – y 1 Where :y1 = initial force applied (N) x1 = initial length in cm
Slope= ------------ y2= final force applied (N) x2 = final elongation (cm)
x1-x2

2N -1N
a) Slope at pt. A and B --------------- = 0.5N/cm or 50N/m
4cm – 2cm

Converting the unit cm to m

0.5N (100 cm)

-------- x ----------- = 50N/m
cm m

Try to solve the ff:

1.Calculate the slope for the next four points and the value of average slope. The
average slope is the constant proportionality of the spring using Hooke's law:
F = k x (Write your answers on a paper)

b) Slope at pt. B and C

c) Slope at pt. C and D

d) Slope at pt. D and E

e) Slope at pt. E and F

The activity shows that when the force applied causes the spring to elon-
gate is doubled, the change in length of the spring is also doubled. This is very
evident in springs A to D. The amount of force applied is directly proportional
to the change in length of the spring. This is what Robert Hooke discovered in
his own experiment. (The amount of force applied is proportional to the stretches
of the spring). Whereas, at point E the extension of the spring does not follow the
pattern in A to D. The spring stops demonstrating Hooke’s Law. At this point, the
elastic limit of the spring is reached. Elastic limit is the maximum amount of force
Advance Physics 5
 that a material can withstand and still follow Hooke’s Law. Therefore, Hooke’s
Law can be restated as “Within the elastic limit, the cause of deformation is
directly proportional to the amount of deformation” or “the stretch of a
spring is directly proportional to the applied force.”
Hooke's law is written in equation form as:
F = k.∆x, when change in x is determined, F= kx

Where: F is the applied force (in newtons, N),

∆x is the change in length (in metres, m) and
k is the spring constant (in N/m).
 The change in length with the symbol ∆x (read as delta x) is sometimes
written as ∆l.
 The spring constant k measures how stiff the spring is. The larger the
spring constant the stiffer the spring. The value of k does not change un-
less you change the shape of the spring or the material that the spring is
made of.

You may be able to see this by looking at the graphs below.

Graph1 Graph 2 Graph 3

elongation elongation elongation

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Answer the following questions:

1. Which graph shows spring constant? __________
2. Which graph has the stiffest spring? __________

The spring constant k is measured in N/m because it is the force per elonga-
tion.

Sample problems:

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1. A spring with a spring constant of 5000 N/m stretches by 0.024 meters when a
block of wood is hung on it. What is the weight of the block of wood?
Solution:
Weight of the block of wood is equal to the stretching force. From Hooke’s Law,

F=kx
F = 5000 N/m.( 0.024 m)
F= 120 N

2. A spring is 0.20m long. When it is pulled by a force of 2.0 N, it stretches to 0.40

m. What is the spring constant? Assume the spring behaves elastically.

Solution:
Extension, ∆x = Stretched length – Original length
∆x= 0.40m – 0.20m = 0.20 m
From Hooke’s Law’s equation: F = k ∆ x
Substituting the values of F and ∆x: 2.0N = k x 0.20m

Solve for k (Spring constant) k = 2.0 N/0.20m

k = 10 N/m

3: How much force is needed to pull a spring with a spring constant of 20 N/m a
distance of 25 cm?

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The k of the spring is 20 N/m.

Δx is 0.25 m.
Substitute these values into the Hooke’s Law formula.
F = k·Δx
F = 20 N/m ⋅ 0.25 m
F=5N

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Try these: Solve the following problems given below :

1. A spiral spring has indicated a spring constant of 10N/m. How much force is
needed to pull at a distance of 20m?

2. A spring is pulled to 5.0 m and held in place with a force of 5000N. What is the
spring’s constant?

3. A 0.10m-long spring is attached to the ceiling to hold a ceiling fan hung from it,
the spring stretches to a length of 0.12 m.

a) What is the Force applied by the ceiling fan on the spring? Note: F=mg where:
m= mass and g=9.8 m/s2.

b) What is the spring’s constant?

• Hooke’s law state that “within the elastic limit, the cause of deformation is
directly proportional to the amount of deformation.”
• In some cases, some material will permanently be deformed after the force
applied is removed. If deformation remains after the forces are removed then it is
a sign of inelasticity.

• If you apply too much force to an elastic material, it will lose its elasticity
and the material will be deformed, this will happen when the elastic limit of the
material is reached.
• If a material returns to its original size and shape when the deforming force is
removed, then the material is demonstrating elastic behavior.

• Hooke discovered that the amount a spring stretches is proportional to

the amount of force applied to it. This means if you double the force applied,
its elongation will also be doubled and so on.
• The spring constant k is measured in N/m because it is the force per unit
elongation.

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Diagram showing the relation of force and elongation

Force

Elongation

The above illustration shows that the elastic limit is reached and can be seen at
point P.

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on
a paper.
1. According to Hooke’s Law, what relationship exists between the force applied
and the elongation?
a. direct proportionality c. direct square proportionality
b. inverse proportionality d. inverse square proportionality

2. It is the least force that can produce a permanent change in size or shape of
a body.
a. Elasticity c. Deformation
b. Elastic limit d. Stress
3-4 . Study the graph below to answer questions 3 to 4.

Force(N) F
E
D
C
B
A

Elongation(cm)
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3. In what point in the graph can elastic limit be seen?
a.at point c. at point C
b.at point B d. at point D
4. What do you call this point (your answer in no. 3)
a. intersection c. Stress
b. elastic limit d. Strain
5. Given a value of K (50 N/m), Calculate the force needed to stretch a spring
from 0.38m to 0.42m.
A 1.0 N c. 3.0 N
b. 2.0 N d. 4.0 N

To assess what you know after you have engaged with the lesson fill the
columns below with What I learned about the topic, and What I want to Learn
more

What I learned What I want to Learn more

Car Safety First: Do you know that:

Elastic behaviour is very important in car safety, as car seatbelts are

made from elastic materials. However, after a crash they must be replaced as
they will go past their elastic limit.

Advance Physics 10
 Lesson 2
Elasticity of Materials

1. Explain Hooke’s law using graphical representation between deformation and

applied force.

2. Identify the parts of the material that experiences deformation.

In the previous lesson, we analyzed that applied force can affect an ob-
ject’s shape. If a spring was stretched/elongated due to the mass of an object
hung on it, a change in shape due to the application of a force is observed, this is
the deformation. Even very small forces are known to cause some deformation.
There are certain objects that you can stretch easily. Let’s say a rubber band. How-
ever, can you stretch an iron rod? When force is applied to a material, we know
that its either stretches or compresses in response to the applied force. In me-
chanics, the force applied per unit area is known as stress and is denoted by the
symbol σ. The extent to which the material compresses or stretches is known as
strain. Different materials respond differently to applied stress. This information
is necessary for engineers in selecting materials for their structures.
In this lesson, we will look at these properties of solids in greater detail. We will
see how quantities like stress and strain can help us guess the strength of solids

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Identification: Identify what is being referred to. Write your answers in your note-
book.
1. Within the elastic limit, what relationship exists between the cause of deforma-
tion to the amount of deformation?

2. The ability of an object to return to its original shape when the applied force is
being removed.

3. The maximum extent to which a solid may be stretch

4. Hooke’s Law equation

5. Unit of force per elongation.

It was Robert Hooke, who first study the effect of forces on an object. The ob-
ject changes in shape once an outside force is applied to it. He observed that an
object can be stretched by an outside force, causing it to elongate. The elonga-
tion of an object depends on the outside force applied on it but when the outside
force is removed, the object returns to its original shape or position.

Activity 1
Stress and Strain
Objective:
1. Demonstrate the relationship between stress and strain.
Materials:
Graphing paper
Pencil and ruler

Procedure:
1. Plot the data on your graphing paper.
2. The data is the result of the experiment made on spring of notebook and
washer.

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 3. Plot the no. of washer (Stress) along the x-axis and the elongation of
spring (Strain) on the y- axis.
No. of washer (stress) N 0 3 5 7 9 11
Elongation (strain) mm 0 2 4 6 8 20

Process Question:( Write your answers on a paper)

1. Describe the graph from pt. 0 mm to 8 mm. Does it obey Hooke’s law?
Why?
2. What happen to the graph at pt. 8 mm to 20 mm? Why?

Activity 2
Application of Stress and Strain

Objectives:
1. Draw the direction of forces applied to an object ;
2. Identify the type of stress applied on the object.
Materials:
Spring of old notebook
Paper and pen
Procedure:
1. Measure the length of the spring.
2. Pull the spring at a certain length from its original length. Observed the
length of the spring and measure it. Then released the spring.
3. Get the difference of the measurement of the length before and after
stretching the spring. The difference is the change in elongation.
4. Compress the spring. Measure the change in length of the spring before
and after compressing the spring.
5. This time, twist the spring. Observe the appearance of the coils of your
spring?

Process Questions: (Write your answers on a paper)

1. Compare the length of the spring when you stretched or compressed it.

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 2. Draw the shape of the spring before and after stretching and compress-
ing. Illustrate and show the direction of the force applied on the spring us-
ing an arrow.
Spring before stretching force is Spring after stretching force is
applied applied

3. In which illustration, show an increase in length of spring?

_________________________________________________
4. Which illustration, show the decrease in length of spring?
__________________________________________________
5. Which situations show cause of coils of the spring to slide over another.
__________________________________________________
Hooke’s law can be stated, Within the limits of perfect elasticity, elongation
(STRAIN) of an object is direct proportion to the outside force (STRESS) ap-
plied on it. The objects elasticity can be expressed as stress and strain.

The stress is the outside force acting on an object. The stress can be force
per unit area. it is given by the formula:

Stress = Force / area

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The unit of stress is N/m2. Stress applied to a material can be classified as fol-
lows.
 Tensile Stress: The force applied per unit area which results in increase of
length (or area) of a body. Objects under tensile stress become thinner and
longer.
 Compressive Stress: The force applied per unit area which results in de-
crease of length (or area) of a body. The object under compressive stress be-
comes thicker and shorter.
 Shear Stress: The force acts parallel to the surface. It can cause one object
to slide over another.
 Bending Stress – The combination of compression and tensile stress.
 Tortional/twisting Stress – Produced when we apply the twisting force.

Try this: (write your answers on a paper)

1. Which of the following illustrates tensile stress, compressive stress, shear
stress, twisting stress and bending stress. Write your answers in your answer
sheets

A___________
_

D___________
______
B_____________

E._____________

C.__________
__

2. After an earthquake, an engineer found out some damage hollow blocks in the
construction site. Below is the picture of damage hollow blocks. Explain what type
of stress force affects the appearance of the hollow blocks.

Hollow block A
_____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Advance Physics 15
 ________________________________________________________________
___________
Hollow block B
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Hollow Block C
_________________________________________________________
________

https://images.app.goo.gl/YCM1YZmKhzqVY9gP9

3. What stress force is exhibited by the designs applied in the iron bars below?

Iron bar B
Iron bar A

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________________________ ________________________

The object under stress will change its shape or deformed. To describe such de-
formation on the object is called strain. The strain is the change in elongation on
the object.

Strain = change in elongation / original length

It can be expressed as the ratio between change in elongation to the original
shape or length. It is given by the formula

The strain is a dimensionless quantity as it just defines the relative change in

shape. Thus, strain is the relative deformation produce by stress.

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 Stress is directly proportional to strain

(stress ∞ strain)

 Stress is the intensity of force at a point.

 If the state of stress is the same everywhere in a body,

Stress= F / A

Stress can be classified as “tensile”, “compressive”, “shear”, “torsion” and “bend-

ing stress

 Stress SI units are in newtons per square meter, N/m2.

 Strain is the deformation or displacement of material that results from
an applied stress.

 Objects under tensile stress become thinner or longer.

 The object under compressive stress become thicker and shorter.
 Objects under shear stress can cause one object to slide over another.
 Strain is the deformation of material due to applied stress.
 Stress is directly proportional to strain.

Study the illustration and answer the questions that follows. Write the letter of
your correct answer in your answer sheets/paper.

Illustration no. 1

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1. Which is true about the graph of stress and strain shown above?

a. Stress is positive, as strain is negative.

b. Strain is positive as stress is negative.

c. Stress is inversely proportional to Strain.
Advance Physics 17
 d. Stress is directly proportional to strain.
For question 2,3 and 4.Study the illustration below to answer the question.
A B

C D
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/practicalphysicsphys1104/chapter/4-2-hookes-law-originally-section-5-3-elasticity-stressand-strain?

2. At what point, compression stress occur?

a. at point A c. at point C
b. at point B d.at point D
3. At what point, tensile stress occur?
a. at point A c. at point C
b. at point B d.at point D
4. Which point/points is not affected both by stress or strain?

a. at point A & B c. at point B & C

b. at point B & D d. at point A & D

5. Stress is the ratio of force per unit area, if force is expressed in Newton, and
area in square meter. What is the unit of stress?
a. Nm2 c. kg m/sec2

b. N/m2 d. kg m/sec

To assess, what you know after you have engaged with the lesson fill the
columns below with What I learned about the topic, What I want to Learn more.

What I learned What I want to Learn more

Advance Physics 18
 -Patience is moral Elasticity-

- LA-

Lesson 3
Young’s Modulus of Elas-
Advance Physics 19

ticity
1.

Describe the deformation that occur when force is applied in a material.

2. Identify Young’s modulus of elasticity of certain materials.

Young Modulus of elasticity is the measure of elasticity of a material and its

characteristic. It is the numerical evaluation of Hooke’s Law. The Young’s Modu-
lus of elasticity is the ratio of stress to strain. To determine Young’s Modulus,
stress is divided by corresponding strain. It can also be calculated as the slope of
the strain- line portion of the stress-strain curve.
Stress
Elasticity of Modulus = ----------------
Strain

Identification: Describe the type of stress applied to the following materials.

Write your answers on your notebook.
1. An aluminum hammered into thin sheets to be used as thin films for (IC)
fabrication increases its length.

2. Both end of shock absorber of a motorcycle is push inward when the rider pass
through humps.

3. A parallel but opposite force is applied on opposite sides of metal to fit its size
to the diagonal space.

Advance Physics 20
 4. Both ends of iron bar is pulled downward to create an arc used as gate en-
trance.

5. A flat bar is twisted used as design for window grills.

Use the concept of Hooke’s Law to solve the problem and its
application to daily life situations.

1. A tungsten wire has a cross sectional area of 0.05m 2 pulled by a force of 50

Newton. What is the quantity of stress applied on the wire?
Given:

F= 10 N Solution:
A = 0.05m2 Stress= 10N/0.05m2
Calculate for applied stress: Stress = 200.00 N/m2

2. How much strain is experienced by the tungsten wire stated in no. 1 if after
pulling, the wire changes its length from 3.0 m to 3.72 m?
Solve the Young’s modulus of elasticity of the tungsten wire.
Given: Convert: cm. to m. (1m = 100 cm)
Lo= 300.0 cm. 300.0 (1m/100 cm) =3.0m
Δl= 372 cm. 372.0 cm (1m/100cm) = 3.72 m
a. Solve for Strain:
Strain = 3.72m/3.0m
Strain= 1.24
b. Solve for Young’s modulus.
Y= Stress/Strain
Y= 200 N/m2/1.24
Y= 161.29 N/m2

Advance Physics 21
Try this:
1. A cord has original length of 100 m pulled by a force of 2 newton. The change
in length of the cord is 20mm. Determine the following:
Note: 1m=1000mm
a. Stress
b. Strain
c. Young’s modulus

We can now see that Young's Modulus may be easily calculated, provided
that the stress and corresponding unit of elongation or strain have been deter-
mined by a tensile test as described previously. Strain is a number representing
a ratio of two lengths: original length and elongation of length; therefore, we can
conclude that the Young's Modulus is measured in the same units as stress,
that is, N/m2.

Hooke's Law: States that in the elastic range of a material strain is

proportional to stress.

Young's Modulus (Elastic Modulus): The ratio of stress to strain, or the

gradient of the stress-strain graph. It is measured using the equation:

Y= Stress/Strain.

Solve the following:

1. A wire 12m long with cross- sectional area of 0.1 cm stretches by 5 cm when
weight of 100 N is suspended from it.

Convert all given units: cm to m show your conversion factors below:

Solve for:

a) the stress c. Young’s modulus for the wire.

b) the resulting strain

Advance Physics 22
 To assess, what you know after you have engaged with the lesson, fill the

columns below with what I learned about the topic and what I want to learn
more .

What I learned What I want to Learn more

Try not to break the rules, but merely to test your elasticity.
- unknown -

Advance Physics 23
Lesson 4
Law of Conservation of Mechani-
cal Energy

1.Use the law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy to explain the motion of

pendulum.

An object placed at a certain height possess potential energy. But when it falls
from its original position, its potential energy decreases and its kinetic energy in-
creases. The loss in potential energy of the said object is equal to the gain in ki-
netic energy.
In this section, you will use the law of conservation of mechanical energy to ex-
plain the motion of pendulum.

Identification: Identify the following word/words base on the given statements

below.

Write your answer in your notebook.

1. It is the ability to do work. _____________________________________

2. The energy of an object due to its motion. ________________________
3. The energy of an object due to its position. ________________________
4. It is considered as the transfer of energy. _________________________
5. Equivalent unit of Newton-meter (N m). ___________________________

Advance Physics 24
Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Consider the pendulum bob below that swings from 1 to 5 and back to 1. As the
pendulum bob swings its potential energy transforms into kinetic energy and vice-
versa on its way back.

1 5

h h Pendulum bob
2 4
3
Figure 1

At points 1and 5, potential energy of the pendulum bob is maximum, while ki-
netic energy is zero. At point 3, kinetic energy is at its maximum while potential
energy is zero. At points 2, the pendulum bob loss potential energy but gains
kinetic energy as it swings to point 3. However, at point 4, the pendulum bob
loss kinetic energy but gains potential energy and vice-versa.
This indicates that for every loss / decrease of potential energy, there’s a cor-
responding gain / increase in kinetic energy so energy is conserved. The transfor-
mation of energy from one form into another follows the law of conservation of
energy, that energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can be transformed into
another form.
To further understand the transformation of potential energy and kinetic en-
ergy let’s have these simple activities.

ACTIVITY 1
Transformation of Mechanical Energy

Advance Physics 25
Directions: The following illustrations show the transformation of mechanical en-
ergy. Write your observations / ideas about what is shown on the illustrations on
the space provided
1. The diagram shows a swinging pendulum bob. At which point/s, is/are there
transformation of potential energy and kinetic energy and vice-versa.
1.

Pendulum bob

L O R

Figure 2
The transformation of PE and KE is between ________________
2. A toy ball rolls from one location to another. At what location, does the toy ball
have the greatest kinetic energy and the least potential energy?

Figure 3
The toy ball has the greatest KE at _____________ and least PE at
___________ because __________________________________
4. A girl dives from the diving board to the swimming pool. At what points,
the kinetic energy of the girl zero?

Advance Physics 26
 C

https://images.app.goo.gl/JD5X2XFSiLdPnrjb7

The kinetic energy of the girl is zero at points_________ because

_____________________________________________________

Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

LawPotential energy and kinetic

of Conservation energy are considered
of Mechanical Energy as forms of mechanical
energy. The law states that the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of
Potential
an object energy
remains andif frictional
constant, kinetic energy are considered
force is negligible. Does as forms of mechanical
energy. The law states that the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of an
P.E. + K. E. = constant
object remains constant, if frictional force is negligible. Does
The law is applicable to the motion of the pendulum bob and to any freely
P.E.
falling body. Example + kgK.wooden
a 20 E. = constant
box falls from a height of 100 m . Observe
the given illustration below.
The law is applicable to the motion of the pendulum bob and to any freely fall-
ing body. Example a 20 kg wooden box falls from a height of 100 m. Observe the
given illustration below.

1 At the highest /maximum point ,1

PE = mgh while KE = 0

2 At any point in its path, say at 2

PE + KE = constant

= mgh

3 At the lowest / minimum point, 3

PE = 0 while KE = PE = mgh

PE = 0 while KE = PE = mgh
Figure 5
The wooden box, as it falls, transforms its potential energy into kinetic
energy.
Advance Physics 27
 Sample Problem:

1. The rope holding a 20-kg wooden box on top of 100-meter-high building

suddenly snaps causing the box to fall.
a.) What is the PE of the wooden box on top of the building?
b) What is the maximum KE?
c) Calculate the PE and KE after it has travelled 40 m from the top of the
building?
d) the velocity after reaching the ground
Given: m = 20 kg Note: 1 J = 1 Nm
h = 100 m 1 N = 1 kg m/s2
Unknown: PE = on top of the building
KE = ?
PE = at 40 m
PE = at 60 m

Equation and Solution:

a.) PE = m g h
= (20kg) (9.8 m/s2) (100m)
PE = 19600 J
b.) The maximum KE is equal to the PE at the top of the bldg, so
KE = 19600 J
c.) PE @ 40 m = the height is 60 m
PE = m g h = (20 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (60m)

= 11760 J

KE = 19600 J – 11760 J
= 7840 J
d.) KE = ½ mv2
Advance Physics 28
 v2 = 2KE /m
= 2 (19600 J) / 20 kg
v2 = 1960 m2/s2
v = 44.27 m / s
Activity 2

Problem Solving

Solve the following using GUFSA…Box the answer and write your answer in
sheet of paper.

1. The 2000 g stone falls from a 10 m cliff and landed on the grassland.
a. What is the potential energy at the starting point of fall?
b. What the maximum kinetic energy?
c. Calculate the potential energy and kinetic energy 4 m from the grass-
land?
d. Calculate the stone’s velocity the moment it hits the grassland?

2. A free falling object with a mass of 0.2 kg dropped at a height of 5000 cm.
Calculate the stone P.E and K.E before it falls. And after it fall for 20 m?

Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy. The sum of potential energy and

kinetic energy of an object remains constant if there is no friction.

Potential Energy. A stored energy or energy at rest.

Kinetic Energy. An energy in motion.

Joules. S.I. units of energy. Equal to Newton-meter(N-m)

Multiple Choice. Write only the letter of the correct answer in your answer sheet.

Advance Physics 29
 1. A 2 kg ball is thrown vertically upward. Which statement is incorrect?
a. The PE is greatest at its maximum point.
b. The KE is zero at its maximum point.
c. It gains PE but loses KE.
d. It gains both PE and KE as it goes down.
2. Compare the KE of the pendulum at the top of its swing, and the PE at the
bottom of the swing.
a. The same c. one half as great
b. Twice as great d. different
3. The boy dives at the swimming pool 5m from the diving board. At which
point is the KE of the boy zero?
a. When the boy is at the midway to the swimming pool.
b. When the boy reaches the water surface.
c. When the boy is on top of the diving board.
d. When the boy reaches the lowest deep of the swimming pool.
4. As illustrated explain the relationship of PE and KE of the object as it
moves from one point to another.

2 3

a. PE is maximum at 1 and minimum at 3

b. PE is maximum at 4 and minimum at 2
c. KE is maximum at 2 and minimum at 4 and 2
d. KE is maximum at 4 and minimum at 2
5. The speed of a pendulum is greatest when
a. its PE is greatest
b. its KE is maximum
c. the mass is constant
d. the object loss and gain energy

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To assess, what you know after you have engaged with the lesson, fill the col-
umns below with what I learned about the topic and what I want to learn more:

What I LEARNED What I want to LEARN MORE

Trust and confidence in doing work is everyone’s pride.

- Rapamonag-

Advance Physics 31
References:

Jones,Childers,2001;Contemporary College Physics_3rd p.278-279

Hewiit,P.2005;Conceptual Physics Philippine edition

Gatapia,Fulgueras,Florentino;2005 Hands &Minds On Activities for Physics BEC-

based.

Rabago,Ramos,Padua,Crisostomo;Practical and Explorational Physics; Modular

Approach ,reprinted 2005,2006,2007

https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/practicalphysicsphys1104/chapter/4-2-hookes-
law-originally-section-5-3-elasticity-stress-and-strain/

https://www.google.com/search?q=illustration+of+tensile+stress&tbm
https://images.app.goo.gl/JD5X2XFSiLdPnrjb7

https://images.app.goo.gl/YCM1YZmKhzqVY9gP9

Advance Physics 32
Advance Physics 33