Weenie oripr i cir sun vie sin PRP 7 U lo it oe “be =f + Lint inkeoral § #punel ction = raf — i ike aon UA Seo so i =qic Glalu rd AP Calculus Exam Questions Multiple Choice, Free Response, and Complete Solutions 1969 - 2012 Questions ordered by topicTable of Contents Pre-Calculus/Trigonometry...-1w Derivative Rules... Derivative Rules BC.. i Tangent and Normal Lines. Theorems (MVT, IVT, etc) svmsnsrrrmer Implicit Differentiation Multiple Choice. eonrre Implicit Diff Free Response.. Free Response Solution: Relationships between f, f, and f” Extrema and Critical #s.. Increasing/Decreasing Intervals. 41-42 Relative Extrema. Calculator Active. Free Response W/O Calc. Free Response WITH Calc.. Free Response Solutions... Optimizatior Linear Approximation. 79-80 Related Rates Multiple Choic 81-84 Free Response.. 85-87 Free Response Solution: Piecewise Functions Free Response.. Free Response Solution: Riemann Sums. Multiple Choice. Free Response... Free Response Solutions...wovmnmnonnne LALIT 118-124 Indefinite Integrals..mmmsmsnnmmmeminnennnnani Definite integrals. Second Fundamental Theorem Of CalcUlUs.immmnmmnnermnennnnentne Relationships between f, f, and f” with Second Fundamental Theorem Free RESPONSE wren nesenn Free Response Solution: Integrals - Piecewise, Inverse Trig, Miscellaneous... Average Valu Accumulation Functions Free Response. Free Response Solutions... Differential Equations and Exponential Growth Multiple Choi Free Response. Free Response Solution: ‘Motion Muttiple Choice. Free Response.. Free Response Solutions. Area Between Curves... Volume/Rotations Multiple Choic Free Response W/O Cal Free Response W/O Calc Solutions. Free Response WITH Calc. Free Response WITH Calc Solution: Miscellaneous Free Response w/ Solutions... BC Topics: Polar, Parametric, and Sequence/Series Questions. 294-306 Multiple Choice Answer and Solutions (by test)Hee - Calculus / Trigonowetry Bs tog, (2*)=4, thena= (A) 2 @) 4 © 8 @) 16 ® 32 932 If f() =x 43x? 44x45 and g(x)=5, then g(f@))= (A) 5x? 415x425 B) $x9 415274200425 © 12s (D) 225 (E) 5 GB 2 What is the domain of the function JS given by f(x)= A) fx x3} (8) {x:|x|s2} @) {x:|x|22 and x23} ©) {x: x22 and x#3} BB 32. Which of the following does NOT have a period of x ? “@ fod=sn[ts) ®) f()=|sinx] © flx)=sin?x ©) fe)=tnx ® so B 5. If f(x) =e*, which of the following lines is an asymptote to the graph of £? (A) y=0 (B) x=0 © yex @) ya-x @ yal BB 42. The graph of which of the following equations has y = 1 as an asymptote? (A) yeinx ®) y=sinx (©) yeyts $8 40. The geoph of y= F(2) is shown in the figure above. Which of of y= (|x|)? ~ y ® : oO y ncaa AZ. — we y €) i the following could be the graph If the function f is continuous for all real numbers and if f(x) then f(-2)= % “a @) 2 © - © 9 © 2 ES 28. Which of the following functions are continuous for all real pumbers x? 2 1 yaxd i. y=e™ WL y=tenx (A) None @®) Tonly (© Monly (D) Land =) Land IIL EE Eeeeecee eee eee eat eaten EE EeeBS 35. The figure above shows the graph of a sine function for one complete period. Which of the following is an equation for the graph? @) y=2sin(%s) ®) y=sin(nx) (©) y=2sin(2x) @) =2sin(n2x) ® y=sin(2x) eB 22. tins) =2, then x= 1 7 : D) 26 © 2 (A) ai ®) a Oe ©) B 13. The fundamental period of 2cos(3x) is cay 28 @y-2n C6 1s ey 64 10. It f(x) = 7] 20d g(@)=2x, then the solution set of F(2(%))= 2 (S08) is A a 1 (A) 8 ®) {2} © B} ©) (1,2) ® {Ea}93 ae ina seam is 90 1 DP 41 Ore ® 2 Or @ 3 ©) nonexistent sim 172288 , aie ae Be hn re one ® 5 ©; @1 © nonexistent BS 37. lim (xesex) is (A) 0 @) -1 © 0 M1 © » 7 4n® 7 85 oom * (a) 0 aes o1 © 4 ©) nonexistent jon 170082) _ Bo in & “2 ® 0 ©1 © 2 ®4 ©) _ nonexistent97 2 eae lim is saline wo @ t ©1 ©) e ©) nonexistent e tits : a al BE 35, Icisapositive integer, then lim =~ is be sso @F (a) 0 B) 1 Oe @) & (E) nonexistent ; : BS 38. tim (1+5e*)> is & @ o B® 1 Oe @ E) nonexistent 93 2. 1 f@)=2x +1, then timL2=LO 5, ec. oe 0 @ 1 (©) 2 ©) 4 (E) nonexistent 97 ss ‘The graph of the function f i i i The roan Of the fnetion 7 is showm in the figure above. Which of the following statements about (A) fea fQ)= lim, f@) ® fim f(a) =2 © lim soy =2 ©) lim f(a)=1 ® Jim F(x) does not exist.Oo 123 4 Graph of f ‘77. The figure above shows the graph of a function f with domain 0 < x <4. Which of the following statements are true? Lim f(x) exists ror TL. lim f(x) exists, mt UL. Yim f(s) exists, (A) Lonly B) only (©) Tand Uf only () Land M only (©) LM, and OT Qy 7% Vets bea fnction such that Jim £O+H-£0) =5. Which of the following must be true? 1. f is continuous at x =2. UL f is differentiable at x= 2. ML. The derivative of / is continuous at x=2, (A) Tonly (8) Tonly (© land Monty () Yandifonly (8) Mand It only 85 Al. If lim f(2)=, where J is a real number, which of the following must be true? A) F'@) exists. @B) f() is continuous at x= a, © FG) is defined at x=, ©) sf@=2L (E) None of the aboveB 45. If f is a continuous function on [a,b], which of the following is necessarily true? (A) Sf" exists on (a,b) ) If (xo) isamaximumof f then f"(x)=0 © lim f= if tim x) for x € (a,8) ea xm ) ©) f(@)=0 for some xe[a,b] (G) The graph of f" is a straight line. PH 41. If lim /(2)=7, which of the following must be true? x3) Lf iscontinuous at x=3. IL f is differentiable at x m. = f@)=7 (A) None (B) only () land It only © land © Monly Inx for0 g(2) for all xin [0,1]. then g(a) = a(b). 1 7 For all /rin the open interval (0,1), lim g(x) = (0)Definition of a Derivative | , S25. If /(x)=e%, which of the following is equal to "(e)? ath en A) Jim © fim, ©) tan3(x+h)-tan3x BQ 2. The a (A) 0 (B) 3sec?(3x) — (C)_-see*(3x)_— (D)_-3cot(3x) (FE) nonexistent oct A= in 5. @l (© sinx (D) cosx (©) nonexistent 1 ore a(ten -a( ) 64 6. Whatis tim 4? 2) 9 % io 1 (A) 0 B) z ©1 (D)_ The limit does not exist. () _Tt-cannot be determined from the information given. 97 16. tim = —_—_, . im = 5, 440 2h 8c A) 0 = @>5 oO. ©) « (E) nonexistentwor ox GS 8% IEF isa function suck that fim (en£o) =0, which of the following must be true? 8c (A) The limit of f(x) asx approaches 2 does not exist. (B) Ff isnot defined at x=2. (©) The derivative of f at x=2 is 0, (D) f is continuous at x=0 ® f@)=0 93 37. 18 f is adifferentiable function, then (a) is given by which of the following? Lim Zt f@ to A 1 tim £=-F@ sa x-a M, tim LE4#D=S) Bo © (A) Tonly — (B) Honly — (C) TandMonly —(D) Land only (E) ‘I, Wand IT Lermt-taye What is lim 4g #32" » b. 16 ba 64 d. 96 €. none of these 1 RR 7) yOFR-3 mh a rm Mqn ® lim 90 @ @) © @) ® n(e+A)=1 A SO, ©, La, fO, SO, where f(x) =Inx where (09 = 2% where f(x) =Inx where f(x) =In(x+0) where f(x) =Inx| | | ecivative Pules $5 % UE S)=x then (9) = @) 0 @ i ©1 5 ® % 94 4 If fx)e— ext], then SD= x | @ 3 ® 1 © -1 © -3 ® 5 8B 15, 1 f) =x, then s°2)= u 4 a D) 1 ® V2 a @) 2 © 2 @) 3 % 1 If f(@)=x? , then f'(4)= (A) -6 (@B) 3 © 3 ©) 6 ©) 8 f a2 a 3 24. If f(x)=(?-2x~1)3, then f"(0) is 4 2 i (A) = Dy <= gees Hs a 3 (B) 0 © 5 ) 7 ® 2 eS 3 aot?) at r=-1 is One @) +4 © o ©) 2 ® 6 : SS 2 if Fle) =(2x+1)*, then the sth derivative of f(x) at x=0 is @ 0 B) 24 © 48 () 240 ©) 384ieee xe] "dy= 598 6 sO forall x#-1, then f’(I) | @ ® -5 oo m $ 1 ‘ fasines BOR yer Sy, then $. | 6x 3x & 5 “ ® © 5 3 (ey Geel O° Gey? Gey O ® q 2. If f(x) =xV2x— @ ® © ® © 93 10. if s(x) =(e-1? sins, then J) w 2 ® +1 © 0 1 © 2 wy 9B 8. If y=tanx-cotx, then 2 = 3 y=tanx—cots, then (A) seexesex (B) secx-escx (C) seextesex (D) sec?x—csc?x (E) sec? x-+ose? x 4RT. Zeasta’)= (A) 6x? sin(x?)cos(x?) B) 6x? cos(x*) (© sin2@4) (D) ~62? sin(x) cos(x?) ®) ~2sin(x*) cos(x*) G28. If f(x) =tan(22), then r(Z}- @) B @) wi © 4 ©) 43 ©) 8 8 16. pes rm), then fe) = (A) -cos(e™) @) cose) +e* ©) coste™)— (D) e*cos(e™*) 98 12. If f()=sinx, then r(3)- ae 1 Ore ® > Seta gag else EAE 2 Bis. Wy =dees(Z then 2 2. de “ ~teos( 2} iS E 2 ot 8 2 © 3 maf) ©-m3) ma) @ af93 4. f)=xssinx, then 7'@)= (A) 1+c0sx (B) 1-cosx ©) osx (@) sinx—xcosx ® sinx+xcosx Bo Wy=costax, then & = ae (A) 6sin3xe0s3x (B) 2cos3x (© 2cos3x | ) 6cos3x © 2sin3xcos3x %5 18. If y=cos?.x-sin? x, then y= (A) -1 @) 0 © -2sin(2x) (D) -2cosx+sinx) E)_2(cosx-sin x) BS 6. payee [x £ se) war to r(Z)- @) 2 @ i © 1k 2 © WF Fr wi Bs. te fe=e™, then f= sls? 33m’ : ae) Fe © stn) DO xt 6 BR 1 f()=e"*, then £'6) = wy ame (B) sec?x ets" ) (©) tan?x oft (D) 2tanxsec?x '** ) 2tanxe™’*g 8 If f(x)=In(e™), then f(x) = “i ®) 2 (©) 2x @) &* ® 2 2x QF 16. 8 H=Fp. then Fe= “wi e?*(1-2x) @ —P © 2s Qx+1) @) a ?8(2x—1) » 3 yet 9 re=e-P ee then f"(2)= 8c : 3 A 7 3t+e (a) 1 (B) 2 ©) 2 Os ® > 6 2. 4 (ine*)= a wt ® + © x» ©) 1 © 2 é e df 1) B51. 4n(4)- 1 1 : 2 Om Ba © I-x @) x1 ® (ea)Lo Ipy=xet then 2 = st yaxte® then & Gee @) x(x+20") (© w*(z+2) ©) 2z+e" ©) 2x+e $86 =", then 2 x 1 1 Inx-1 i-Inx ltInx wt Ca ae ea a ' 86 3. i f)=In(Ve), then fe) = i | & 49+ web o-t < a 3 7 Oe Ole 2x? GS 17. Ie f(y=xIn(2*), then f(@)= & @ in?) @ w(e}42 © mw(2)st oy L ® 4 x x ee Tee" then h( 7D) = ~ Be 1 @ 2 ®) 0 OF @) 2 ® é 91. i sey=el, then f'@)= ec els ie es ee Load oS @~ o> OF >; BB 3 HPC =In(Inx), thea f"@)= Re : 1 inx i @o + © ©) * ©) Ting A = h 7 Inxoy aoe wm ® ex © @ym2 ©) OH? ® Fp Se =1079) w GS 10. wy=10"), then B (A) (tatoyi0) ® opt) © (2-9) ©) 2x(m10)0") ©) 2 (100) 15 10. What is the instantaneous rate of change at x=2 of the function f given by f(x) = @ 2 @ } © ©) 2 ® 6 Se eee sees EEE eee 98 Vree 21. The value of the derivative of y= atx=0is £ f2x+1 & i 1 (A) -1 @®) 3 ©o @) z @®i 4 oe 4 8c hu, ¥, and w are nonzero differentiable functions, then the derivative of ! ig w “@ ao @) “wow ulvw -tuve-uvw! w+ uw uv! © © ulyw-uvw’ w 2 w 6439. If y=tanu, w= ) 1, and v= nx, what is the value oS at x=0? 0 @ 2 ©O1 m 2 ® secre \91B % Let Sand g be differentiable functions with the following properties: @ — g(x)>0 forall x G) f@=l If h(a) = f(a)g(x) and h(x) = f(g"), then $= (A) £'@) ®) g@) © & @) 0 ®i 5. If f and g are twice differentiable and if h(x) = f (g(x), then A'(x) = A S(eW)[e'@F +7 (e@)e"@) B) #(s@)s'+F'(s@)s"@) © Feel ©) P(e@)s® ® f(s) d $B 1% S(erosin2x) = =I é@ —— Aina - ! i= ax? © o = a4? $G 20. If y=arctan(cos:), then & de ay sin 2 Treas? ®) ~(areseo(cosx))* sin x ©) (atesee(cosx))? o —l l (aecosx) +1 avec xO 20"3 39. Let f and g be differentiable functions such that & f=2, £3, fQ=-4, a()=2, sO=3, #Q)=5. IE A(2)= f (g(a), then {= (A) 9 8) 4 © o @) 12 © 15 aN alDerivatwes ~ Leve} (0° ne longer Deciwabve? - Be Level ( tested ‘o 0) Bg 22 We fo)=(x? v1)", then s'@)= ww x(enyt @) (x41) © xin (x? +1) re ©) (es) Ze ® (29 [of o) 3] & 26, For O f"()de= A SO-fO — B) [FO- FO) ©) fe) @O) s@+e &) £O-f'O Bis. ws sn(?), then there exists a number ¢ in the interval Fx < & that satisfies the conclusion of the Mean Value Theorem. Which of the following could be ¢ ? an 3n Sn 3n (A) z @) 7 © fee @) = @) z ‘The Mean Value Theorem guarantees the existence of a special point on the graph of y= Jx between (0,0) and (4,2). What are the coordinates ofthis point? kS7 (A) (2,1) ®) (11) © (2,2) © (4) (E) None of the above x Jolil2 J) fr [el2 B 26. The function / is continuous on the closed interval [0,2] and has values that are given in the table 1 above. The equation F()=5 must have a least two solutions in the interval [0,2] if k= 1 “Ao @) z © @) 2 @ 3 307 FR 81. BC 16. Tet f be a continuous function on the closed interval [-3,6] If S(-3)=-1 and f(6)=3, then the Intermediate Value Theorem guarantees that i A) fM=0 a! ®B) S(O)=5 forat least one c between 3 and 6 © -1s f(2)s3 forall x between -3 and 6 () /(@)=1 for at least one c between -3 and 6 ©) f(0)=0 for at least one c between —1 and 3 Which of the following functions shows thatthe statement “Ifa function is continuous at x =0 then itis differentiable at x= 0° is false? : 4 3 -t L 4 @ f@="3 @ f@=r) © f=" O f=" B® seo-¥ 984 If f is continuous for a wie . eee atest BS 36. If f isa continuous function defined for all real numbers x and if the maximum value of f(x) is 5 and the minimum value of f(x) is ~7, then which of the fall ng must b 1. The maximum value of f(x) is 5. H. The maximum value of | f(x)| is 7. TL. The minimum value of f(x) is 0. (A) Tonly (8) Honly (©) Land If only ©) Hand Wonty (8) 1,1, and MT 3 23. How many critical points does the function S(8) = +2)(x~3)! have? (A) One ®) Two (©) Three ©) Five Seay Pe aE EEE $8 37. If f(x) =e" sinx, then the number of zeros of f on the closed interval [0,2n] is ©) Nine A) 0 @) 1 © 2 @) 3 «© 4 40Tocreasing [Decceasing Tinkeroals 4G 1. Whatare all values of x for which the function f defined by f(x) = v2 43x? 9x47 is increasing? (A) -Bl @) x<-l or x>3 (E) Allreal numbers 23 3. EF satt, ‘then the set of values for which f increases is @) (-,-IufL@) @®) [-11 © (9) ©) (0,0) © (-%,0)U(0.2) then f is decreasing on the QF 13. Let f bea function defined forall real numbers x. If {"(3) = interval (A) (2) ® =) © 4) © (2%) © Ge) Gq 21. Atx=0, which of the following is true of the function f defined by f(x) arte? 8 (A) is increasing. (By fis decreasing. (© fF isdiscontinuous. () f has a relative minimum. ©) _fhasarelative maximum. 99 22. What are all values of x for which the function. S defined by f(x) =(x? ~3)e” is increasing? (A) There are no such values of x, (B) x<-1 and x>3 } ©) -32 (B) decreasing for x <0, increasing for x>0 (© increasing for all x @) decreasing for all x (8) decreasing for x <~2, increasing for ~2<.x <2, decreasing for x>2 If f(x)=2°e", then the graph of f is decreasing for all x such that (A) x<2 @) -22 @) x<0 © x>0 > We % 22. 4a =) for all x>0, which of the following is true? ¥ (A) f is increasing for all x greater than 0. (B) fis increasing for all x greater than 1 (©) fF is decreasing for all x between 0 and 1. (D) _/ is decreasing for all x between | and e. ) Ff is decreasing for all x greater than e. The function f is given by f(x) = x4 +x? -2. On which of the following intervals is f increasing? w (a » (ad) © (0) ©) (-~,0) 1 © (=) TAKelanve exnema % 23. Let f be a function defined and continuous on the closed interval [4,8]. Jf / has a relative e ‘maximum at ¢ and @0 ©) F'() exists for all x, ©) f°) is negative for x>0, Seer ESE DR 14. The derivative of f is x‘(x-2)(x+3). Athow many points will the graph of f have a relative maximum? (A) None (B) One (© Two (D) Three (©) Four ¥B 20. Let. be a polynomial function with degree greater than 2. If a6 and f(a) = (6) =1, which of the following must be true for atleast one value of x between a and b? L f@)=0 I 7'@) Mf") (A) None’ ®B) Tony ~~ ©) Tony (D) Tandionly — (B) 1, 1 and . 45Concavity and Tnlection 1 2 4242 W inflecti ales? 424 QB 1. What is the x-coordinate of the point of inflection on the graph of y = = +5. 10 e :) -10 ) 5 @) 0 Os ue sid 64 2. What are the coordinates of the inflection point on the graph of y=(x+l)arctanx? a 4) 8 6) Oo © 04) © (3) Hp 16. If is the function defined by f(x) =3x° -5x*, what are all the x-coordinates of points of | Ge _intletion for the graph of ? (A) -1 @) 0 Ol (D) Oand 1 ©) -1, Oand 1 £4 17, The graph of ¥=5x* x has a point of inflection at yl a (A) (0,0) only (B) (3,162) only © () (0,0) and (3,162) ©) (0,0) and (4,256) (4,256) only 9B 19. UF F*(0) =x(x+1)(x—2), then the graph of f has inflection points when x= (A) ~Tonly (8) 2only (C) “Land O only (D) =I and2 only (& Seer eee CeCe ee eee ~1, 0, and 2 only QQ > The graph of y = 3x4 -16x3+24x? +48 is concave down for (A) x<0 ®) x>0 (© x<-2 ot x>-3 ) ©) ad or x>2 ® Rex 46 4G‘Questions 7-9 refer to the graph and the information below. The function / is defined on the closed interval [0,8]. The graph of its derivative f" is shown above. 9F 7. The point (3,5) is onthe graph of y= /(x). An equation of the line tangent to the graph of f at be (3,5) is (A) y=2 () y=s (©) y-S=2(x-3) (D) y+5=2(x-3) © y+5=2(x+3) te (A) Two (B) Three (©) Four () Five ©) Six 9. At what value of x does the absolute minimum of f occur? ee ®) © ©) ® weaene tt| 79.26. Which of the following is true about the graph of y = In] ee | in the interval (~1,1) ? & (A) Itis increasing. B) Itattains a relative minimum at (0,0) (©) _Ithas a range of all real numbers. @) _Itis concave down. ©) thas an asymptote of x=0. 3 22, Given the function defined by f(x) =3x* ~20x*, find all values of x for which the graph of f is concave up. (A) x>0 (B) -V22 @) x>2 ©) 20 © x>2 B 21. At what value of x does the graph of y= have a point of inflection? ao 8) 1 © 2 ©) 3 © Atnovaneots UF 4SGraghicd celatonship edween -? 4", ad +" FB 32 The graph ofthe derivative of is shown in the figure above, Which ofthe following could be the graph of f? A) te (B) i (c) y He ae we eal a I D) y ) Y He Se as) 1 =i i 6 16. Ifyisa function x such that y’>0 for all x and y" <0 for all x, which of the following could be Be partof the graph of y= f(x)? j | | | 7) oe ae[& 17. The graph of a twice-differentiable function f is shown in the figure above. Which of the following is true? @ f£O0 for all xand y* <0 for all x, which of the following could AQ be part of the graph of y= f(x)? ow y @ y © y a x Ay x $ x o ¥ ® x ve a Bis. Let f be the function defined by f( {r forx<0, Wich of the following statements x forx>0. about fis true? (A) f isan odd function. : (B) _f is discontinuous at x=0. (© f hasa relative maximum, @) fM=0 ©) f'(x)>0 for x40 5% 53,99, 1. ‘The graph of the derivative of / is shown in the figure above, Which ofthe following could be the graph of f? : fe iS Fini © : © Ae at SPS (E) y X 2 Ao 3 3] a FY 76. The graph of a function f is shown above. Which of the following statements about / is false? (A) f is continuous at x=a. (B) f has a relative maximum at x= a. ) (©) x=a isin the domain of f. ©) lim, #(2) isequal to lim f(x). ©) tim f(x) exists. oY — = a ae4% 79. The graphs of the derivatives of the functions Jf. and h are shown above. Which of the functions J. 8, oF h havea relative maximum on the open interval a 0. The derivative of fis given by J"(x) (@ Write an equation for the line tangent to the graph of f at x (b) Find the x-coordinate of the critical point of ff Determine whether this point is a relative minimum, a relative ‘maximum, or neither for the function f. Justify your answer. (©) The graph of the function f has exactly one point of inflection. Find the x-coordinate of this point. @ Find lim, f(z). x30" 9-8 Graph of g’ 5. Let g be acontinuous function with g(2) = 5. The graph of the piecewise-linear function g’, the derivative showwn-above-for-=3-<. (@ Find the 2-coordinate of all points of inflection of the graph of y = g(x) for ~3 0, where & is a positive constant. (@ Find f"(x) and f"(3)- (b) For what value of the constant & does f have a critical point at x = 1? For this value of k, determine whether / bas a relative minimom, relative maximum, or neither at x = 1. Justify your answer. (© Foracertain value of the constant & the graph of f has « point of inflection on the x-axis. Find this value of k 6 63i Relahashys betwen ff? and £" WITH CacCucaToR 10-8 | 2. The function g is defined for x >0 with g(l)=2, g(x) (« +4), and g"(x) = (1 e sy osx + } z 2 : (@) Find all values of x in the interval 0.12 < x <1 at which the graph of g has a horizontal tangent line, (©) On what subintervals of (0.12,1), if any, is the graph of ¢ concave down? Justify your answer, (©) Write an equation for the line tangent to the graph of g at x = 0.3 (@ Does the line tangent to the graph of g at x = 0.3 lie above or below the graph of g for 0.3. < x <1? Why? iat Graph of #7” 68 raph of f 2. Let f be the function defined for x 2 0 with (0) =5 and f’, the first derivative of f, given by #(x) +19) sin(?), ‘The graph of y = f(x) is shown above. (@) Use the graph of f° to determine whether the graph of f is concave up, interval 1.7 < x < 1.9. Explain your reasoning, (©) On the interval 0 < x <3, Concave down, or neither on the find the value of x at which f has an absolute maximum. Justify your answer. (©) Write an equation for the line tangent to the graph of f at x = 2 a oHAP® CALCULUS AB 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 4 ‘The continuous function f is defined on the interval ~4 0 for—4-cx <5 and g(x) <0 for $cc. + answer with justifcaton Therefore g has an absolute maximum at x = 5. © g"(2)= (2) changes sign only at x = 0. Thus the graph 1: answer with reason of g has a point of inflection at x = 0, (@_ The average rato of change of f on the interval —4 0, (@ Find the x-coordinate of the critical point of /: Determine whether the point isa relative maximum, a relative minimum, ot neither forthe fumetion f Justify your answer. (b) Find all intervals on which the graph of / is concave down, Justify your answer. (©) Given that f(1) = 2, determine the function j: @ f(s) =Oatxr=4 1: P(x) > 0 for 0 4 1 justification ‘Therefore f has a relative maximum at x= 4, (0) f"(2)=-29 +(4-x)(3e) 3, {227° ee aes \ 1 : answer with justification 2x4 (x6) I"(2) <0 for 0 0 on the intervals ~4 0 forall x 1 : justification ‘So, g’ changes from positive to negative only when f” ‘changes from positive to negative. This oceurs at x mnly, Thus, g has a local maximum at v= —1 © y= MOF + ren] i { AFM) 50 and f(-1)=0 Since f” is decreasing on a neighborhood of —1, FN) <0. Therefore, 2"(-1) <0. 1 : justification @ £O-80 . Oras _ 2 I {! difference quotient 3-1 z 1: answer (© 2009 Tho Catlege Board. Al sights reserved. Visit the College Board on the Web www.calagebonrd corn 6%64 AP® CALCULUS AB 2008 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 6 Let f be the function given by f(x) = 2 for all x> 0, The derivative off is given by Fey = EP, (@) Write an equation for the line tangent to the graph of f at x =e”, (b) Find the x-coordinate of the critical point of f Determine whether this point is a relative minimurn, a relative maximum, of neither for the function f Justify your answer. (©) The graph of the function f has exactly one point of inflection. Find the x-coordinate of this point. @ Find lim f(x). x0 2 @ s(e)= BE =2 = ‘An equation for the tangent line is. = (ee) at x =e because #’(x) changes from positive to negative at 1 relative maximum 1: justification (©) f(x) = 0 when x =e. The function f has a relative maximum | lixse 3 2 -(-mnx)2e 34 2Inx o a ae 3 = 3 ® ¥ {i :answer S's) =0 when 3+ 2In x = 0 xeelt ‘The graph of f has a point of inflection at x = e*/? because f(x) changes sign at x = &°/?, (iy BS 5 or Does NL Lsenver 0" ‘© 2008 The Calogo Board. Allrights rocorv0d, Visit the College Board on the Web: www. collegeboard com, 6410 AP® CALCULUS AB 2008 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B) Question 5 Let g be acontinuous function with g(2) = 5. The graph of the piecewise-tinear function g’, the derivative of g, is shown above for -3 5 x $7. @) Find the x-coordinate ofall points of inflection of the graph of y = g(x) for -3 < x <7. Justify your answer () Find the absolute maximum value of g on the interval ~3 < x <7. Justify your answer. (© Find the average rate of change of g(x) on the interval 3 < x $7 Gogh ory (@) Find the average rate of change of g(x) on the interval ~3 < x < 7. Does the Mean Value Theorem applied on the interval 3 3 ‘The absolute minimum value of f on [-5, 5] is f() = 3. © 2007 Ths Colege Bosra. Allrights reserved Visit aposnttal colageboard.com (for AP professionals) and wow colegeboard com/apstadents (for stents and parents) qW| AP® CALCULUS AB 2005 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 4 x [0 [oex0 for -3<2<-2. 1: reason (b) 2=0 and z=2 ff changes from decreasing to increasing at 1:2 =Oand 2 =2 only and from increasing to decreasing st ae | 1 : justification © H=-2 4 equation ‘Tangent line is y = —2x + 3. @ 10-108) = [sou 1: (5-2) - 700) = 700 = 4 (aiference of areas mes te 3_9 ID= IO += 3 1s anower for f(-3) using PPC 4 FA) 10) = foe 1: #(s-dere| a -(8-5@Px)=-8 +28 (area of rectangle = area of semicircle) SA) = f(0) -8 + 2m = —5 +20 answer for f(4) using FTC Copyright © 2003 by College Entrance Examination Board. All ights reserved. ‘Available at apocntralcolegeboard.com. 5 74 voAP® CALCULUS AB 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 6 Let f be the function defined by 7(» (@) Find f(x) and f°(x), (b) For what value of the constant & does f have a critical point at x= 1? For this value of &, determine whether f has a relative minimum, relative maximum, or neither at x = 1. Justify your answer. (© Fora certain value of the constant &, the graph of f has a point of inflection on the x-axis, Find this value of k Vi ~ tnx for x > 0, where & is a positive constant | | Te) @ Sx) = ste ry © f= Fh-1=05k=2 sets 71) =00r f(x) =0 solves for When k= 2, f'(1) =0 and f"(1) = ae Ff bas a relative minimum value at x = 1 by the justification Second Derivative Test. (© Atthis inflection point, f(x) = 0 and f(x) = 0. [12 JQ) =00r £0) =0 : ea x) = = 1: answer S0)=0= Sa ( f@)=0> We-Inr=0>k Therefore, © 2007 The Collage Board. All rights reservad, Visit apcenttal colegeboacd.com (tor AP professionals) and ww collegeboard.comvapstedents (or students and patents), % %AP® CALCULUS AB 2010 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B) Question 2 ‘The function g is defined for x > 0 with g(1) = n= + 4) and g(x) = ( - s(x + 2) (@) Find all values of » in the interval 0.12 $ x <1 at which the graph of ¢ has a horizontal tangent line. (b) On what subintervals of (0.12, 1), iCany, is the graph of g concave down? Justify your answer. (©) Write an equation for the line tangent tothe graph of g at x = 0.3 (@) Does the line tangent (othe graph of g at x = 0.3 lie above or below the graph of g for 0.8 < x <1? Why? 2, g(x) = i | (@) The graph of g has a horizontal tangent line when ¢'(x) = 0. This occurs at x = 0.163 and x = 0.359, (0) "(x)= 0 at x = 0.129458 and x = 0.222734 1 answer ‘The graph of g is concave down on (0.1295, 0.2227) 1 justification because g(x) < 0 on this interval. (©) 20.3) = -0.472161 1:g'(0.3) 03 1 : integral expression 1.3) = 2 dx = 1.546007 #(03) = 2+ fae) 421 et63) ‘An equation for the line tangent to the graph of g is 1: equation y = 1.546 - 0.472(x - 0.3). @ g(x) >0 for03 /(3) £0) = ‘ 1: answer I (St) = $(0) + free = 5.67911 only at VF, The absolute maximum must occur at x= VF oratan endpoint. £8) = (0) + (f(a) de = 557803 ‘This shows that f has an absoluie maximum at x = Vm. © f2)=f0)+ E/E) ae = 500382 fo lenaee : oc 1: integral (2) = 64 sin(4) = 0.45902 4:1 1 sincuing 7(0) term ee - 1: f(2) y~ 5.623 = (-0.459)(x— 2) 1: equation © 2006 The Colege Board, All rights reseved. Visit apoentral cologabcard.com (for AP professionals) and www collageboard.cem/apetudente (lor AP etudents and parents) 3 ‘TtOphemzanon YR 82. If y =2x—8, what is the minimum value of the product xy ? (A 16 @) 8 © 4 @) 0 ®2 36. Consider all right circular cylinders for which the sum of the height and circumference is, 30 centimeters. What is the radius of the one with maximum volume? 30 10 (A) 3am (B) 10cm (© 20em © =m © “am © © BB 45. The volume of a cylindrical tin can with a top and a bottom is to be 16x cubic inches, Ifa minimum amount of ti ight, in i mini in is to be used to construct the can, what must be the height, in inches, of the y (A) 292 (B) 2y2 © 24 ©) 4 ® 8 occurs where y is x 2 @®) 0 1 © -5 @) -1 (E)__none af the abos 39. The point on the curve 2y =x" nearest to (4,1) is 8) (2.2) © (v2.1) ©) (vi4) © (48) B (A) (0,0) Ge 45. Whatis the area of the largest rectangle that can be inscribed in the ellipse 427 +9)? =36? 8c (A) 6v2 @ 12 © m4 ©) 242) 36 8 4SLingo Approx imertions i i f fat x=2 is UF 92. Let f be the function given by f(x) =" ~2x+3. The tangent line to the er of f 7 sinha used to approximate values of f(x). Which of the following is the greatest value of x for the error resulting from this tangent line approximation is less than 0.5? (a) 24 @) 25 © 26 @) 27 © 28 64 36. The approximate value of y=/4+sinx at x=0.12, obtained from the tangent to the graph at x=0, is (A) 2.00 B) 2.03 (©) 2.06 @) 2.12 ©) 2.24 Which is the best of the following polynomial approximations to eos 2x near x=0 2 x x @) 1S ®) lex © 1-> @) 1-22?) 1-ax4 yt —_ i oe ee FF M4 Let f be adifferentiable function such that /(3)=2 and f"@)=5.Ihthe tangent line to the graph of f at x=3 is used to find an approximation to a zero of f, that approximation is (A) 04 (B) 0.5 () 26 @) 34 @) 5.5 Serer esac 9B 45. If Newton's method is used to approximate the real root of x 4.x~1= 0, then a first pProximation x =1 would lead to third approximation of Be (A) 0.682 (B) 0.686 © 0.694 ®) 0.750 © 1637 1 725. Consider the curve in the xy-plane represented by x =e! and y=te for 120. The slope of the 0c Tine tangent to the curve at the point where x=3 is (A) 20.086 B) 0.342 © ~0.005 ©) -0011 — ® ~0.033 FB % Forsmall values ofA, the function ‘16-7 is best approximated by which ofthe following? h h h (A) ary (8) ao © 2 h h ©) 4-35 ® 2-5 3Kelotta Kates when the surface area S becomes 10x square inches, what is the rate of increase, in cubic inches | 93 % Tromiier ofa sphere is increasing at the uniform rate of 0.3 inches per second. At the instant 93, 39. The radius of a circle is increasing at a nonzero rate, and at a certain instant, the rate of increase per second, in the volume ¥? (s =4ny? and V (A) 100 (8) ier © 25x ©) 25x ©) 30x the area of the circle is numericalh imits cit ‘ ly equal to the rate of increase in its circumference. At instant, the radius of the eircle is i L Ce @) 2 Oo = ©) 1 ® 2 23, Inthe triangle shown above, if @ increases at a constant rate of 3 radians per minute, at what rate is &e x increasing in units per minute when x equals 3 units? 15 “3 @ = o4 9 ® 2 P 40 L, a o 34, In the figure above, PQ represents a 40-foot ladder with end P against a vertical wall and end Q on QZ _level ground. Ifthe ladder is slipping down the wall, what isthe distance RO atthe instant when Q ‘moving along the ground 3 as fast as P is moving down the wall? 80 ) $0 @ dio © @) 24 © 2 I