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GM - SESSION3 (One-To-One and Inverse Functions)

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19 views29 pages

GM - SESSION3 (One-To-One and Inverse Functions)

Uploaded by

dalwampuashley
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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One-to-One

Functions
Definition
The function 𝑓 is one-to-one if for any 𝑥1 ,
𝑥2 in the domain of 𝑓, then 𝑓 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑓 𝑥2 .
That is, the same 𝑦 −value is never paired
with two different 𝑥 −values.

This means that for each y-value there is


only one x-value.
EXAMPLE
01
The relation pairing an SSS
member to his or her SSS
number.
One-to-one
EXAMPLE
02
The relation pairing a person to
his or her citizenship.

Not one-to-one
EXAMPLE
03
The relation pairing a real number
to its square.
Ex. -2 and 2
Not one-to-one
EXAMPLE
04
The relation pairing an airport to
its airport code.

One-to-one
Example 5 1,2 , 3,4 , 6,10 , 8,10
Is this relation a function?
Yes- every first coordinate has exactly one
second coordinate.
Is this relation one-to-one?
No. Every 2nd coordinate does not have
exactly one 1st coordinate.
Example 6 1,2 , 3,4 , 6,10 , 8,11
Is this relation a function?
Yes- every first coordinate has exactly one
second coordinate.
Is this relation one-to-one?
Yes. Every 2nd coordinate has exactly one
1st coordinate.
Example 7 1,2 , 1,3 , 6,10
Is this relation a function?
No- every first coordinate does not have
exactly one second coordinate.
Is this relation one-to-one?
No. Since it is not a function.
Graphs of
One-to-One
Functions
Horizontal Line Test
A function is one-to-
one if each horizontal
line does not intersect
the graph at more than
one point.
GRAPHS

NO
GRAPHS

YES
GRAPHS

YES
GRAPHS

YES
Remember:
All functions satisfy the vertical
line test. All one-to-one functions
satify both the vertical and
horizontal line test
Take a look! 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7
YES!
INVERT. No two 𝑦 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠
share the same 𝑥 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
x -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7
y -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Take a look!
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y -1 -1 -1 -1 0 1 1 1 1
NO!

x -1 -1 -1 -1 0 1 1 1 1
y -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Inverse of One-to-
One Functions
Inverse
The inverse of the ordered
pairs (x, y) is the set of all
ordered pairs (y, x).
Example
Find the inverse of:
{(1,2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
Inverse:
2,1 , 4,2 , 6,3 , 8,4
Draw the inverse. Compare to the line y = x.
What do you notice?
y = x
(− 5,3) (3,−5)
(− 4,2) (2,−4)
(− 3,1) (1,−3)
(− 2,1) (1,−2)
(−1,1) (1,−1)
(0,1) (1,0)
(1,5) (5,1)
Graph the inverse of the following:

The function and


x y its inverse are
symmetric with
0 -5
-3 -4 respect to the
1 2 Line y = x.
1 4
To find an inverse…
● Switch the x’s and y’s.
● Solve for y.
● Change to functional notation.
● Symbol f −1 ( x)
Find Inverse: f (x) = 8x − 1
f ( x) = 8 x − 1
y = 8x − 1
x = 8 y −1
8 y = x +1
x +1
y=
8
x +1
f (x ) =
−1

8
Find Inverse: f (x) = 8 x − 2
f ( x) = 8 x − 2
y = 8x − 2
x = 8y − 2
8y = x + 2
x+2
y=
8
−1 x+2
f =
8
3x + 1
f (x ) =
Find Inverse: 2
3x + 1
y=
3x + 1 2
f ( x) = 3y +1
2 x=
2
3 y +1 = 2x
3 y = 2x −1
2x −1
y=
3
−1 2x −1
f =
3
Find Inverse: f ( x) = x + 4
2

f (x ) = x + 4
2 𝑓 −1 𝑥 = ± 𝑥 − 4
𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = 20
y = x +4
2

𝑓 −1 𝑥 = ± 20 − 4
x= y +4
2

𝑓 −1 𝑥 = ± 16
y2 = x − 4
𝑓 −1 𝑥 = ±4
y = x−4
Therefore, the function
f −1 ( x) =  x − 4 has no inverse
End of Discussion

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