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Internet Overview

Internet
Internet is defined as an Information super Highway, to access information over the web. However, It can be defined
in many ways as follows:

Internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks.

Internet uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
Every computer in internet is identified by a unique IP address.
IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as 110.22.33.114) which identifies a computer location.
A special computer DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to give name to the IP Address so that user can
locate a computer by a name.
For example, a DNS server will resolve a name http://www.tutorialspoint.com to a particular IP address
to uniquely identify the computer on which this website is hosted.
Internet is accessible to every user all over the world.

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Evolution
The concept of Internet was originated in 1969 and has undergone several technological & Infrastructural changes as
discussed below:

The origin of Internet devised from the concept of Advanced Research Project Agency Network
(ARPANET).
ARPANET was developed by United States Department of Defense.
Basic purpose of ARPANET was to provide communication among the various bodies of government.
Initially, there were only four nodes, formally called Hosts.

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In 1972, the ARPANET spread over the globe with 23 nodes located at different countries and thus became
known as Internet.

By the time, with invention of new technologies such as TCP/IP protocols, DNS, WWW, browsers, scripting
languages etc.,Internet provided a medium to publish and access information over the web.

Advantages
Internet covers almost every aspect of life, one can think of. Here, we will discuss some of the advantages of
Internet:

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Internet allows us to communicate with the people sitting at remote locations. There are various apps
available on the wed that uses Internet as a medium for communication. One can find various social
networking sites such as:

Facebook

Twitter
Yahoo

Google+
Flickr

Orkut

One can surf for any kind of information over the internet. Information regarding various topics such as
Technology, Health & Science, Social Studies, Geographical Information, Information Technology, Products etc
can be surfed with help of a search engine.

Apart from communication and source of information, internet also serves a medium for entertainment.
Following are the various modes for entertainment over internet.

Online Television
Online Games

Songs

Videos

Social Networking Apps

Internet allows us to use many services like:

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Internet Banking
Matrimonial Services

Online Shopping

Online Ticket Booking

Online Bill Payment

Data Sharing

E-mail

Internet provides concept of electronic commerce, that allows the business deals to be conducted on
electronic systems

Disadvantages
However, Internet has prooved to be a powerful source of information in almost every field, yet there exists many
disadvanatges discussed below:

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There are always chances to loose personal information such as name, address, credit card number.
Therefore, one should be very careful while sharing such information. One should use credit cards only
through authenticated sites.
Another disadvantage is the Spamming.Spamming corresponds to the unwanted e-mails in bulk. These e-
mails serve no purpose and lead to obstruction of entire system.

Virus can easily be spread to the computers connected to internet. Such virus attacks may cause your
system to crash or your important data may get deleted.

Also a biggest threat on internet is pornography. There are many pornographic sites that can be found, letting
your children to use internet which indirectly affects the children healthy mental life.

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There are various websites that do not provide the authenticated information. This leads to misconception
among many people.

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2/13/24, 2:02 PM Web Browser

Web Browser

Web Browser
web Browser is an application software that allows us to view and explore information on the web. User can
request for any web page by just entering a URL into address bar.

Web browser can show text, audio, video, animation and more. It is the responsibility of a web browser to interpret
text and commands contained in the web page.

Earlier the web browsers were text-based while now a days graphical-based or voice-based web browsers are also
available. Following are the most common web browser available today:

Architecture

There are a lot of web browser available in the market. All of them interpret and display information on the screen
however their capabilities and structure varies depending upon implementation. But the most basic component that
all web browser must exhibit are listed below:

Controller/Dispatcher
Interpreter
Client Programs

Controller works as a control unit in CPU. It takes input from the keyboard or mouse, interpret it and make other
services to work on the basis of input it receives.
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Interpreter receives the information from the controller and execute the instruction line by line. Some interpreter
are mandatory while some are optional For example, HTML interpreter program is mandatory and java interpreter is
optional.

Client Program describes the specific protocol that will be used to access a particular service. Following are the
client programs tat are commonly used:

HTTP
SMTP
FTP
NNTP
POP

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Starting Internet Explorer

Internet explorer is a web browser developed by Microsoft. It is installed by default with the windows operating
system howerver, it can be downloaded and be upgraded.

To start internet explorer, follow the following steps:

Go to Start button and click Internet Explorer.

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The Internet Explorer window will appear as shown in the following diagram:

internet_technologies_tutorial

Accessing Web Page

Accessing web page is very simple. Just enter the URL in the address bar as shown the following diagram:

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Navigation

A web page may contain hyperlinks. When we click on these links other web page is opened. These hyperlinks can
be in form of text or image. When we take the mouse over an hyperlink, pointer change its shape to hand.

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Key Points

In case, you have accessed many web pages and willing to see the previous webpage then just click back
button.

You can open a new web page in the same tab, or different tab or in a new window.

Saving Webpage

You can save web page to use in future. In order to save a webpage, follow the steps given below:

Click File > Save As. Save Webpage dialog box appears.

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Choose the location where you want to save your webpage from save in: list box. Then choose the folder
where you want to save the webpage.

Specify the file name in the File name box.

Select the type from Save as type list box.

Webpage, complete

Web Archive

Webpage HTML only

Text File

From the encoding list box, choose the character set which will be used with your webpage. By default,
Western European is selected.

Click save button and the webpage is saved.

Saving Web Elements

Web elements are the pictures, links etc. In order to save these elements follow the steps given below:

Right click on the webpage element you want to save. Menu options will appear. These options may vary
depending on the element you want to save.

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Save Picture As: This option let you save the picture at specific location with its name. When you click this option,
a dialog box is opened where you can sepcify its name and location.

Favourites

The Favourites option helps to save addresses of the webpages you visited oftenly. Hence you need not to remember
long and complex address of websites you visit often.

In order to open any webpage, you just need to double click on the webpage that you have marked from bookmarks
list.

Adding a web page to your Favourites

In ordered to add website to your favourite list, follow the steps given below:

Open webpage that you want to add to your favourite.

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Click on favourite menu and then click on Add to Favourites opton. Addfavourites dialog box appears.

You can also click Favourites button available in the toolbar. Favourites panel will open in the left corner
of the internet explorer window. Click add button, AddFavourites dialog box will apppear.

In AddFavourites dialog box, the Name: text box will contains the name of the web page that you want to
add to favourites.

Click the Create in button, Favoutites folder will appear. Move to the folder where you want to store the
favourites by clicking on the folder name.

Now click OK button to save the favourites.

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Opening Favourites

In order to open favourites, follow the steps given below:

In the Favourite Panel, take the mouse over the site that you want to open. Now click on the address to open
that site.

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Favourite can also be opened from the Favourites menu by selecting the appropriate one.

Organizing Favourites

Favourites can be organized by categorizing web pages, creating folder for each category and then storing web
pages into them. In order to organize favourites, follow the steps given below:

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Click Favourites menu > Organize Favourites. Organize favourites dialog box will appears.
In order to organize the webpages, drag the individual webpage to the respective folder. Similarly to delete a
favourite, Click on delete button.

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Web Pages

Web Page
web page is a document available on world wide web. Web Pages are stored on web server and can be viewed using
a web browser.

A web page can cotain huge information including text, graphics, audio, video and hyper links. These hyper links are
the link to other web pages.

Collection of linked web pages on a web server is known as website. There is unique Uniform Resource
Locator (URL) is associated with each web page.

Static Web page

Static web pages are also known as flat or stationary web page. They are loaded on the client’s browser as exactly
they are stored on the web server. Such web pages contain only static information. User can only read the
information but can’t do any modification or interact with the information.

Static web pages are created using only HTML. Static web pages are only used when the information is no more
required to be modified.

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Dynamic Web page

Dynamic web page shows different information at different point of time. It is possible to change a portaion of a
web page without loading the entire web page. It has been made possible using Ajax technology.

Server-side dynamic web page

It is created by using server-side scripting. There are server-side scripting parameters that determine how to
assemble a new web page which also include setting up of more client-side processing.

Client-side dynamic web page

It is processed using client side scripting such as JavaScript. And then passed in to Document Object Model
(DOM).

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Scripting Laguages
Scripting languages are like programming languages that allow us to write programs in form of script. These scripts
are interpreted not compiled and executed line by line.

Scripting language is used to create dynamic web pages.

Client-side Scripting

Client-side scripting refers to the programs that are executed on client-side. Client-side scripts contains the
instruction for the browser to be executed in response to certain user’s action.

Client-side scripting programs can be embedded into HTML files or also can be kept as separate files.

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Following table describes commonly used Client-Side scripting languages:

Server-side Scripting

Sever-side scripting acts as an interface for the client and also limit the user access the resources on web server.
It can also collects the user’s characteristics in order to customize response.

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Following table describes commonly used Server-Side scripting languages:

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