UNIT-4

AC VoteGc ConTROueRS
îtcoverts 4lxed Ac to Varlable Ac ithout

chawge in frequency

Vo ltage coutoller;
I-p Haf ave AC

Circuit:
T

D
R
Ww

wt
2n |2T14d

wt
21 35
 : Jo

MeWhod-
Method-2:
Vm Vn
Vm

-( Vm
Vo

tt) -
cos7
(cosut)
siucot

dwt
T4

dwt
-

(-
-
cos<)+

cosa)
Vm
(co
2 V
-s2n

Co
sivo

tdut

sn)

Voks

2T1
2VT

Vm
(2n-)
DTVmoiuwt
(21-) 2 I-Co 2T1

s2ut siu'ut dut

+M2
2
-
-(siur

dwt
dut

2T|

-(cosm-
cos*-1 -cod

volts cosa)
 Ng

circuit:

Fullwave
Ac
Tte TH

T2
Volfage'

211
2T2HK
Couholler
|214d
oit
31
R

R-Ioa

>ut >ut

Yo
cavg)

15

Vm
2T1 2t Vv
Vm
Vm 2T1 Vo 2T1

ot)
(T-y
dit
CoS2wt
-(eosti-
+
(n-) dot

+
2
- +-
-cos«)+

(1-
cosa)
(-co

swt)
Te
Vm
2T1

2T
2T

–
siuwt

cos (cos(n)
dot
21T

I-cos2wt
siyut

dut
duot (na)|
cot+)
 -
twie

2/ Vm

)
ec

Fulluwave
AC
(h-)

Voltage

*(hies-eos)
(
en

s,-r)
Contro

-
ller
h7.2
witth

RL-Load
tool

ostNo

av

svirt

st
2 2 7B7Y2
duoto

2 +
sin
2 2 3T

brda

ot
 Gate
Sigle
to
Cqcle
Hhe
n of for
ohitk
the covhol igle
ezplained
integral
load
Souvce
he Pineipl
Suildin constot
vespecltvtly
palses pase
is load Speed
For
by
off for for of

Cowbredie
at g, cgdes.
cohrd
for or for
Specd
evample,

principle Suck
called

- iq, he

mechanicol
Volkage
Zeio Some aceved mos
vefferlu
inteqral appi
couhrd lategal

coMsists
tum to of f
by

mechamical
on Suppy
of itegnal Hheve

temperake
order
Calions
Voltage
the he
Contoller
dyives
Cyele
,

Sormeocycles
the ofiuteqra' for number
me of aYe
Cycles
cycle
wih f or
crostvg eyele amd
be
?
Sibelhivg
almost heatvg Control

CovMectng
Thìs
Seveval
wavefoms
Seveyal
4a
Cycles on Covtrd.

coustomt
thyrictors furher
the ecistive
coutol the thermal

T draum Hh so fom

of
voticed
loads
foy

for cam
and load
if
q
Buppy load.
Mumber
a
be applcatloy

Secends.
Supply iutegral any

vayialion
dlscomec
they pouer
 se dvoun load
nyles- slestgote palses Bhe peviodiethy ( m) sm ndias,
or mts) yeles. T Bls maupeY process

lond peuer Py rgng Hhe uwbex of

deliveved 4
myeles pouser

vegulated as deslved.

The Weveforms tor Source Voiknge s gate

ycles No pouoer is eliveveA

m eycles. is the overage poeYhe Ibad

het is covtoled. where SouYce

In coto
evalkre,,ycle Ts alto knDOM
lutegal ls the duby cycte of
n8 ov ff contre,
burt 4iiug Zevo voltage coutrolley.
sikdine Cgele Seleckiend) cyde yuoo pa kien. RMS looa Curreut,
for sinusoid
ad Guply voltage,the Ws Value
of ouiput Voltage CoM be olbtatned a Under: poeY deliveredto load,

peiosicitby

RMS Value ofinput

rCuvteuk h

1, ws valueof load cuNnt oy

Suput VA= Crms Value a Soua Valtag

 af as m
for fpr m
of
hat
of
V M pulses turn

for
6oitding

Inis. cycles- & Yegulated

load for
cydes. Voltage

V, oukput_
on-off

Tt
M=3.
The ycles On

siut
Cycles as when
The
Cyele and.
conbrel
s Qutput
pouwer and
m(-2)

No power

d
peniodtcity
sin'ot. gate
terakure, By tn

sinusoidal
the Sounce

.coMtrolled
m=2,
VoltaqeVor
desired.

V of Cycles.

Waveforms
ot.d(ut),
(ut
for
2T

can
&elecion buyst lntegmal
,aycle
Voltage

n pulse

for
sin
supply
o) average
pouoeris power
Vo for
deliveved Varying is his energlses
wt
nm
seond
be-
ycle
4ring

» deli
-is
-are
Source
to Ye
the
voltage, coutrois peated
vered
(dot), Zero mauner
load
ou-
fr obtatued

the load

t
delivered

o-ycle also
poueru
to Shown
for
as to Votage
for
ycle frsb the M cam
Tms voltage Vs he
syncopatien.
load PrOCess lood
--- on be
load
known M¢8)
ycle
Under: Value load
for gate &
coxre

YeMal
RMS For
Cnd the
îuput RMS
pouaey

k ohere

Is Value = Vs Vor
VA=
= load = Vo
5
conbroller.
Crms
ns

, is
Ms Vm

4T1
2TT

periodicity
(u
cyles
deveredto
ofiniuput Currnt,

and
the (4m) m)a
load Value (n4m)
Value
Value

of of
icuteut,;
R R v of 2.7 2TT

duty
Vor
Tadias,
cload

Soure ntm cycle

Source
bsv?
Vol of
k.
cument

taqe) kage R
Voltagg"
tor
 4

VAr
Uih

static
speed

Aplicatons:
M

dep;up
i is

lower
in
U, Ove
uoith

fequuy
(DA
CvcLo
Snput

VAx

CoNveRTe
,,
thau Chcut Pf-
covtrd cydo
stepdown

Stepup
-8tage Rs:
4 to,output
R Vor

stepdooM
poweY
oycdo
gh which Vor
po

Convexsion
converters
T v
Compensaton
is
at
covexters
cyclocowerters.
ao fo>fs.

e Cyelocomyerters
a converts
Vor
delivered

to

called
drives
a iput
Vs Vor
loa
outhut nm
diferent

3loV cyclo power

freqy
BM
9lloriNO9
freq at
uenoy

one
to
converte.
ueney

4-
Is
+
power
Painciple
Coustavt

P-
of
4 P, Guply

cyclo iun
convevter
freaueny

an
oir
P
cowverker
output
cvaft

N-

7 Veltage

Operoon:
Gip
Converter
7 for

boavds,
 Mid

poivt
N

1
autput

f
yeloconverterelpri

,
enyelope
teupply

Volbage

Voltage &

Vao
Cuvent Wovefoms

Vos
for
Vbo
Stepdoon Cycloconverter uoith Ii
disconinuous

ot

N
t

THd 2THd
 L
Conbmaos
oi

Covete

Ie
Cyclo

(50
j(5

step-dos

for

oaveorrs R

Cureut

ad

Vokage
 I: Ot
>ot

Coninuou

i
wite

o i J
Cowverter
Cyclo
Voltbge

-
cdo
doon

putput

Step
step
ean

for

waveforms

Cuet

and

Voltage