2.3 Motion and Safety PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

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Motion and Safety

Questions
Q1.
A car is travelling at 10 m/s.

The driver sees a danger and stops the car.

(i) The stopping distance for the car would be smaller if the car
(1)
A had more passengers
B had worn tyres
C needed new brakes
D was travelling more slowly

Figure 4 shows a speed-time graph for the driver stopping the car.

(ii) Use the graph to find the driver's reaction time.

(2)

reaction time = ........................................................... s

(Total for question = 3 marks)
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Q3.

* Figure 13 shows two objects, Q and R, before and after they collide.

Figure 13

The arrows show the direction of movement of the objects.

The arrows are not to scale.

Explain how momentum is conserved in the collision.

Use Newton's third law and Newton's second law in your answer.

Newton's second law can be written as

(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)

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Q4.

The graph in Figure 1 shows how the braking distance, d, of a car depends on the
velocity, v, of the car when the brakes are first applied.

An equation relating braking distance, d, to velocity, v, is

where C is a constant.

Use the equation and data from the graph in Figure 1 to calculate a value for C.

Give a unit for C.

(4)

C =............................................................ unit ............................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

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Q5.

The Asteroid Belt is part of our Solar System.

Vesta is an asteroid in the Asteroid Belt.

Vesta has an orbital speed of 1.9 × 104 m/s.

Vesta travels a distance of 2.2 × 1012 m when it orbits the Sun once.

Calculate the time taken for Vesta to orbit the Sun once.
(2)

time = ........................................................... s

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q6.

A car travelling at 15 m/s comes to rest in a distance of 14 m when the brakes are applied.

Calculate the deceleration of the car.

Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(3)

deceleration = ........................................................... m/s2

(Total for question = 3 marks)

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Q7.

The force that keeps an object moving in a circular path is known as the
(1)
A balancing force
B centripetal force
C reaction force
D resistance force

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Q8.

The work done to bring a car to rest is given by the equation

work done = braking force × braking distance

Which of these graphs is correct for the car if a constant braking force is applied?
(1)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

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Forces
Questions
Q1.

A car with a mass of 1800 kg is accelerating at 1.2 m/s2.

Calculate the force used to accelerate the car.

Use the equation

force = mass × acceleration

(2)

force = ........................................................... N

(Total for question = 2 marks)

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Q2.

Figure 11a shows a box falling towards a hard floor.

The box hits the floor and crumples a little before it comes to rest as shown in Figure 11b.

The momentum of the box just before it hits the floor is 8.7 kg m/s.

The box comes to rest 0.35 s after it first hits the floor.

(i) Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the floor on the box.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of this paper.
(2)

force exerted by the floor on the box = ........................................................... N

(ii) State the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the box on the floor.
(2)
magnitude ...........................................................

direction ...........................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

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Q3.

The gravitational field strength on the Moon is 1.6 N/kg.

The mass of a rock on the Moon is 6.0 kg.

Calculate the weight of this rock on the Moon.

State the unit of weight.

Use the equation

weight = mass × gravitational field strength

(3)

weight of rock = ............................................................ unit

(Total for question = 3 marks)

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Q5.

A toy car has a mass of 0.10 kg.

The toy car accelerates at 2.0 m/s2.

Calculate the force producing this acceleration.

State the unit.

Use the equation

F=m×a
(3)

force = ........................................ unit = ........................................

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q6.

(i) Which of these is the correct equation that relates force, mass and acceleration?
(1)
A F=m+a
B F=m−a
C F=m×a
D F=m÷a

(ii) A cyclist has a mass of 70 kg.

Calculate the force needed to accelerate the cyclist at 2.0 m / s2.
State the unit.
(2)

force = ......................................... unit = ..................

(Total for question = 3 marks)

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Q7.

(i) Figure 14 shows the vertical forces on an aeroplane.

Figure 14
Use information from the diagram to determine the size and direction of the resultant
vertical force on the aeroplane.
(2)

size = ........................................ kN, direction is ........................................

(ii) The aeroplane is descending.

Figure 15 shows a diagram of the resultant vertical and horizontal forces on the
aeroplane as it is descending.

Figure 15
Complete the diagram to show the resultant of these two forces.
(1)
(iii) The mass of the aeroplane is 750 kg.
Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the aeroplane as it descends
from 1300 m to the ground.
Gravitational field strength (g) = 10 N/kg
(2)

energy = ........................................................... J
(Total for question = 5 marks)

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