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The Dual Processing Model

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Aamira Kajla
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7 views

The Dual Processing Model

Uploaded by

Aamira Kajla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Dual Processing Model

Thinking Fast and Slow

System 1 thinking
● Focus on what it sees - and ignores absent evidence.
● Bases decisions on past experiences and knowledge - that is, already
established schema.
● It is quick, but prone to errors.
● Generates impressions.
● Takes shortcuts, called heuristics.
● Operates “automatically.”

System 2 thinking
● Require concentration and effort.
● Works with abstract concepts.
● Works through logic.
● Uses conscious reasoning.
● More reliable - but slow.

Why do we tend to use System 1 thinking?


● We are cognitive misers - wanting to use as little energy as we can to
think. In normal language - we are lazy thinkers.
● Sometimes, even when we want to focus, it is difficult. When we try to do
it for too long or if the task is too difficult for us, over time we will
experience ego depletion.
● Sometimes we have too many other things going on in our mind to
allocate energy for solving a problem. This is because our cognitive load
is too high.
● All of this together is referred to as the law of least effort - if there are
several ways of achieving the same goal, people will choose the least
demanding course of action.
● This model is the onl
Strengths of the Dual Processing Model

There is biological evidence that different types of thinking may be processed


in different parts of the brain.

The Wason selection task and other tests for cognitive biases are reliable in
their results.

Limitations of the Dual Processing Model

The model can seem to be overly reductionist as it does not clearly explain
how (or even if) these modes of thinking interact or how our thinking and
decision making could be influenced by emotion. There are some
psychologists who argue that there are actually several different systems - not
just 2.

Some argue that there are not two systems, but just a “continuum of
reasoning.”

The definition of System 1 and System 2 are not always clear. For example, fast
processing indicates the use of System 1 rather than System 2 processes.
Explain one model/theory of thinking and decision making with
reference to one study.

In Tversky and

Explain one cognitive bias with reference to one study.


What is heuristics?
Mental shortcuts, focus on one aspect of a complex problem.
What does this have to do with System 1 or System 2 thinking?

What is meant by the “availability heuristic”?

What is the “representative heuristic”?

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