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Lab report 1_ Blood Smear

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Lab report 1_ Blood Smear

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pseva2005
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name: Prince L.

Seva Date: October 31, 2024


Section: BSN Y1-9B Ms. Angielyn Aranda

Laboratory Report #1
BLOOD SMEAR

Introduction:

The blood smear experiment is a valuable diagnostic tool in hematology, used to


examine the morphology of blood cells, diagnose various blood disorders, and assess
overall health. By spreading a drop of blood thinly across a slide and staining it,
individual blood cells can be observed under a microscope, allowing for differentiation
between cell types such as red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and
platelets. The purpose of this experiment is to prepare and analyze a blood smear to
identify and understand the different blood cell types and their morphological features.

Materials Visual Aid

Microscope slides / Glass slides

Blood sample

Compound Light Microscope

Immersion Oil

Staining reagents

(e.g., Leishman’s stain, Wright’s blood


stain or Giemsa stain)
Glass coverslip

Distilled Water

Droppers

Disposable gloves

Blood Lancet / Sterilized prickling device

Rubbing alcohol

Cotton

Petri dish / Coupling jar

Methods:

1. Prepare a two clean microscope slide and clean it with 90% alcohol.
2. Disinfect your finger with alcohol.
3. Using a fresh blood, prick a fingertip with a sterile lancet
- Under supervision and following safety protocols
4. Place a small droplet of blood at center of one corner of one of the slides.
5. Using a second pre-clean slide, touch the drop of blood while it inclines the
slide at a 30–45° angle.
6. Spread the blood drop across the slide’s surface to create a thin, feathered
edge.
7. Allow the smear to air-dry completely for a minute.
- Properly smeared blood appears roughly tongue shaped.
8. Place the slide in petri dish with blood smear facing upward.
9. Stain the dried blood smear by applying Leishman’s, Wright’s or Giemsa
stain, allowing it to sit for the designated time.
- Cover the petri dish.
- (Alternative), fill a coupling jar with Leishman’s stain and immerse the
slide in the stain.
10. Stain for about 1 minute.
11. Add twice the volume of distilled water to the stain.
12. Allow the water in the stain to properly mix, keep it aside for 10 minutes.
13. Drain the slide and wash with distilled water.
- Proper staining = blood smear with rose pink color.
14. Air dry the slide while keeping it in an inclined position.
15. Place a coverslip over the smear and examine it under a microscope, first at
low power (40x) and then with an oil immersion lens for detailed cell
observation (100 x).
16. Identify and record the different cell types, noting their structure and any
abnormalities.

Data:

Cell Type Appearance and Characteristics Count (per field


of view)

Red blood cells - Disc shaped, biconcave, pale center ~500–1000


erythrocytes - Devoid of nucleus (mammals)
- Rich in hemoglobin (red pigment)
- Stains rose pink (periphery)
- Stains whitish pink (center)

Platelets - Small ~10–20


thrombocytes - Dark, purple-stained fragments among
RBCs
- Devoid of nucleus (mammals)
- Size: 20% diameter of RBCs
- Have 4 membrane structure

Neutrophils - Multi-lobed nucleus, granular cytoplasm 2–5


- Stains neutral pink
- Nucleus: 2-5 lobed, stains deep blue - Bilobed
- Size: 12-15 micrometer - Trilobed
- Cytoplasm: contains numerous fine - Multilobed
granules, takes up both acid and basic stain
- Phagocytic in nature
- Most abundant WBCs: 60-70%

Eosinophils/ - Bi-lobed nucleus 0–1


Acidophils - Stains orange-pink granules
- Nucleus: stains deep purple, not masked
by granules
- Size: 12-17 micrometer
- Cytoplasmic granules: coarse and fewer in
number than neutrophils
- Granules: high affinity for acidic stain
- 4th most abundant WBCs (2-4 %)

Basophils - Bi-lobed nucleus / S-shaped nucleus 0-1


- Stains deep purple granules
- Nucleus: Stains deep purple, heavily
masked by basophilic cytoplasmic granules
when stained
- Size: 14-16 micrometer
- Large cytoplasmic granules: numerous
- Granules: high affinity for basic stain
- 5th and least abundant WBCs

Monocytes - Kidney-shaped/ reniform nucleus, 1-3


abundant cytoplasm
- Nucleus: stains purple, occupies most of
the cell
- Size: largest WBCs 15-18 micrometer
- Agranulocyte
- 3rd most abundant WBCs (3-8%)

Lymphocytes - Round and slightly indented nucleus, scant 1-2


cytoplasm
- Nucleus: stains deep purple, occupies
most of the cell volume, lies centrally
- Cytoplasm: stains light purple, very little to
no cytoplasmic portion (periphery)
- Size: Small (6-9 um) and Large (10-14 um)
- Both small and large occur
- 2nd most abundant WBCs
Analysis:

In examining the blood smear under the microscope, each cell type exhibited
typical morphology, with distinct structural features that allowed for easy
differentiation. Red blood cells (RBCs) appeared abundant and biconcave, critical for
efficient oxygen transport. Neutrophils and lymphocytes were the most prominent
white blood cells observed, consistent with typical leukocyte distribution in a healthy
sample. Platelets were scattered and identifiable as small, purple-stained fragments,
essential for clotting. Variations from normal morphology, such as misshapen RBCs
or abnormal WBC ratios, could indicate pathological conditions, but this sample
appeared normal.

Conclusion:

The blood smear experiment successfully demonstrated the ability to


differentiate various blood cell types under a microscope and observe their distinct
morphological characteristics. This technique proves essential in diagnostic settings,
aiding in the detection of blood disorders such as anemia, infections, and blood cell
abnormalities. The experiment reinforces the value of microscopic examination in
healthcare, providing insights into a patient’s hematological health through a
straightforward and effective method.

References:

[1] Bishop, M. L., Fody, E. P., & Schoeff, L. E. (2023). Clinical chemistry:
Techniques, principles, correlations (9th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

[2] Hoffbrand, A. V., & Steensma, D. P. (2023). Essential haematology (8th


ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.

[3] Lewis, S. M., Bain, B. J., & Bates, I. (2022). Dacie and Lewis practical
haematology (13th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.

[4] McKenzie, S. B., & Williams, J. L. (2022). Textbook of hematology (5th


ed.). Pearson.

[5] Sood, R. (2022). Medical laboratory technology: Methods and


interpretations (7th ed.). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.

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