CEP - 413

CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT

PROJECT
SCHEDULING
PRESENTED BY GROUP 1
 PLANNING SCHEDULING

Project scheduling is the

process of determining the
Project planning is the
sequential order of the
process of identifying all the
planned activities, assigning
activities necessary to
durations to each activity,
successfully complete the
and determining the start
project
and finish dates for each
activity

PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING AND SCHEDULING

Begin planning before starting

1 work, rather than after starting
Remember the schedule is the plan
work
5 for doing the work, and it will never
Involve people who will actually do be precisely correct
2 the work in the planning and
Keep the plan simple, eliminate
scheduling process
6 irrelevant details that prevent the
plan from being readable
3 Include all aspects of the project

7 Communicate the plan to all parties

4 Build flexibility into the plan

CREATING A SCHEDULE

1 Define the project 5 Plan for risks

Develop the work breakdown

2 structure 6 Create the initial schedule

3 Identify resources 7 Allocate the budget

Obtain approvals and finalize the

4 Estimate time 8 schedule

PROJECT SCHEDULING
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
DESIRED RESULTS IN PLANNING
You run the project instead of the
1 Finish the project on time 7 project running you

Knowledge of scheduled times of

2 Continuous flow of work 8 key parts of the project

Knowledge of distribution of costs

3 Reduced amount of rework 9 of the project

Minimize confusion and Accountability of people, defined

4 misunderstandings 10 responsibility/authority

Increased knowledge of status of Clear understanding of who does

5 project by everyone 11 what, when, and how much

Meaningful and timely reports to Integration of all work to ensure a

6 management 12 quality project for the owner
TECHNIQUES FOR PLANNING AND SCHEDULING

The technique used for project scheduling will vary

depending upon the project's size, complexity, duration,
personnel, and owner requirements. The project manager
must choose a scheduling technique that is simple to use
and is easily interpreted by all project participants.

PROJECT SCHEDULING
BAR CHART
METHOD
Bar Chart Method

The Bar Chart Method is a visual tool

used to represent project schedules.
It displays tasks or activities as
horizontal bars along a timeline,
showing the start and end dates of
each task.
The basic modeling concept of the bar chart is
the representation of a project work item or
activity as a time scaled bar whose length
represents the planned duration of the activity
 EXAMPLES
OF
BAR CHART METHOD
 ADVANTAGE
AND
DISADVANTAGES
Overview

Provides a clear visual representation

of the project schedule, allowing
stakeholders to quickly understand
the timeline, task durations, and
progress.

04.
Task Tracking

Easily track the status of individual

tasks and their completion relative to
the project’s overall timeline.

04.
Ease of Use

Simple to create and understand,

especially when compared to more
complex project management tools.
Tools Availability

Can be generated using common

tools like spreadsheets (e.g., Microsoft
Excel) or specialized software (e.g.,
Microsoft Project, Smartsheet).
Task Duration

Clearly displays the start and end

dates for each task, helping with
accurate scheduling.

04.
Relationships

Allows for the visualization of task

dependencies, helping to understand
the sequence of tasks and any
potential impacts on the schedule.

04.
 ADVANTAGE
AND
DISADVANTAGES
Complex Projects

May become unwieldy and less

informative for large projects with
many tasks and dependencies. The
chart can become cluttered, making
it hard to interpret.

04.
Changes

Once created, it might not

automatically reflect changes in
project scope or delays unless
manually updated. This can lead to
inaccuracies if the project deviates
from the plan.

04.
 Priorities

Does not show task prioritization or

the critical path explicitly without
additional annotations, which can be
a limitation for identifying the most
crucial tasks for project success.
 Limited Integration

Typically, it doesn’t include detailed

resource management features, such
as tracking resource availability,
workload, or conflicts.
THANK
YOU
Preparation of
BAR CHART
HAROLD JOSEPH ARNADO
GANTT / BAR CHART
Gantt charts have been a
fundamental project management
tool for over a century, and it’s easy
to understand why. They provide a
visual overview of project tasks and
the timeframe in which they need to
be completed.
Steps to Create a Project
Bar Chart (Gantt Chart):
Identify
Project Tasks
Break down the project
into manageable tasks
or work packages.
Each task should have a
clear deliverable and
estimated duration.
Define Task
Duration
Estimate the time
required for each task.
Consider holidays,
weekends, and resource
availability.
Set Task
Dependencies
Determine which tasks
are dependent on others.
For example, Task B might
only be able to start once
Task A is complete.
Arrange Tasks
in Sequence
Arrange tasks in a logical
sequence based on their
dependencies. Some
tasks may run in parallel,
while others may need to
be completed
sequentially.
Plot Tasks on
a Timeline
Draw horizontal bars to
represent the start and
end dates of each task.
Longer bars mean longer
tasks, while shorter bars
represent tasks that take
less time.
Identify
Critical Path
Determine the longest
sequence of dependent
tasks, which dictates
the shortest time in
which the project can
be completed.
Track Progress
Update the bar chart
periodically to reflect
completed tasks and any
changes to the timeline.
Bar charts help monitor
delays and adjust plans in
real-time.
 Software for Creating Bar Charts
(Gantt Charts)
Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets
Microsoft Project
Trello with Gantt Chart Plugins
Smartsheet, Monday.com, Asana and etc.
Thanks for your time!
CRITICAL PATH
METHOD

17 SEPT, 2024
CRITICAL PATH
METHOD
One of the network/technique in planning and
scheduling large scale projects.

Developed by J.E Kelly and M.R Walker (1956).

Design as a tool for planning, scheduling, and

control of construction work.
CRITICAL PATH
METHOD
01 02 03

ORIENTATION APPROACH USAGE

Activity Deterministic Construction

Oriented Projects
Technique
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ACTIVITY NETWORK DURATION (T) EARLY START (ES)

The performance A diagram to The estimated The earliest

of a task represent the time required time an
required to relationship of
to perform an activity can
complete the activities to
activity. The be started.
project, such as, complete the
design of project. The time should
foundations, network may be include all
review of drawn as either resources that
design, procure an "arrow are assigned
steel contracts, diagram" or a
to the
or form concrete "precedence
activity.
columns. diagram."
DEFINITION OF TERMS
FREE FLOAT (FF) LATE FINISH (LF) LATE START( (LS) TOTAL FLOAT (TF)

The amount of The latest The latest The amount of

time an time an time an time an
activity may activity can activity can activity may be
be delayed be finished. be started delayed
without without without
delaying the delaying the delaying the
early start completion completion
time of the date of the
date of the
immediately project.
project.
following TF=LF-EF

activity. = LS-ES
DEFINITION OF TERMS
CRITICAL PATH
The critical
path
determines
the minimum
time to
complete the
project.
 Repeating floor-by-floor structural construction
activities of Diaphragm Shear Wall Building are shown
below.

Which of the following gives the duration of the

critical path?
What is the longest delay that the activity C can
have without causing delay in the overall structure
floor construction?
ADVANTAGES OF CPM
1. ENHANCED PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Because the Critical Path Method breaks

large tasks and objectives into smaller parts, it
can help project managers to plan projects more
thoroughly. Project Managers can divide large
and complex goals into achievable task and mile
stones. This simplifies the project and helps
everyone to understand their roles.
2. CLEAR IDENTIFICATION OF
CRITICAL TASK
Critical Path Analysis enables project
managers to identify the most critical task
within a project. They can then rank the
tasks in order of priority, ensuring that
complex tasks get the attention they need.
This prevents the project from becoming
delayed because the team has overlooked
important task.
 3. PRECISE
SCHEDULING

The critical path method separates critical and non-

critical tasks so that project managers can schedule
them more effectively. They identify the essential or
high priority tasks and outline them in the plan so that
project participants don’t overlook them. This keeps
the project running efficiently.
4. ACCURATE DETERMINATION
OF PROJECT LENGHT

 Time management is essential for

meeting project deadlines and
preventing them from over-running.
The critical path analysis approach
helps to streamline the time
management of a project by
determining its duration. In addition,
project managers can compare
expectations with actual progress.
 5. BETTER WORK PRIORITIZATION
 Identifying the critical path helps project
managers clarify priorities and
determine the float of each task. Float
also known as slack, measures how long
a task can be delayed before it impacts
the completion date. Critical Path tasks
have zero float, while non-critical
activities have positive float.
Determining the float of each task helps
teams assess priorities. The lower the
float, the higher priority.
DISADVANTAGES OF
CPM
 1. MAY OFFER LACK OF FLEXIBILITY
The Critical Path Method works well
when the tasks have predictable
timings. One downside of such
meticulous planning is that a project
manager may find that there is little
flexibility in the schedule for
unexpected events and
contingencies. It can also be hard to
adapt to new types of projects and
tasks that the project manager and
team are unfamiliar with.
 2.GREATER POTENTIAL FOR DELAYS

Because the critical path method focuses on

the critical aspects of a project, project
managers may overlook non-critical
elements. This could lead to delays in these
aspects of a project. This can lead to the
entire project running overtime.
 3. INCREASED COMPLEXITY
Dividing tasks into simpler jobs can lead to
the creation of a critical path diagram that is
excessively complex. Managing software's
entries can become time consuming because
it requires the identification of individual
tasks. The level of detail involved in applying
the critical path analysis approach to every
large project could make it challenging to
communicate to team members and
stakeholders.
 4. STEEP LEARNING
CURVE
Critical Path Method is very
meticulous so to someone who is
new to the concept, it can seem
too complex and daunting to
learn.