Answer:

Source Code
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void printPatern1(int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++)
{
if (j < (4 - i) || j >= 7 - (4 - i))
{
cout << (char)('A' + j);
}
else
{
cout << " ";
}
}
cout << endl;
}
}

void printPatern2(int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
// spaces
 for (int j = 0; j < (n - i - 1); j++)
{
cout << " ";
}

// stars
for (int k = 0; k <= i; k++)
{
cout << "* ";
}

// spaces
for (int j = 0; j < (n - i - 1); j++)
{
cout << " ";
}

cout << endl;

}
}

void printPatern3(int n)
{
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++)
{
cout << j << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
}
void printPatern4(int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
 cout << pow(11, i) << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
/*Practical 1*/

printPatern1(5);
printPatern2(3);
printPatern3(4);
printPatern4(5);
return 0;
}
Output
Answer:
Source Code
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/*Practical 2*/
void pattern_printer()
{
int n=0;
cout << "Enter code of patterns: " << endl;
cin >> n;
switch (n)
{
case 11:
printPatern1(5);
break;

case 12:
{
int i = 0;
while (i < 5)
{
int j = 0;
while (j < 7)
{
if (j < (4 - i) || j >= 7 - (4 - i))
{
cout << (char)('A' + j);
}
else
{
cout << " ";
}
 j++;
}
i++;
cout<<endl;
}
}
break;

case 13:
{
int i = 0;
do
{
int j = 0;
do
{
if (j < (4 - i) || j >= 7 - (4 - i))
{
cout << (char)('A' + j);
}
else
{
cout << " ";
}
j++;
}while(j < 7);
i++;
cout<<endl;
}while (i < 5);
}
break;

case 21:
printPatern2(3);
break;
case 22:
{
int i =0;
while (i < 3)
{
int j = 0;
int k = 0;
//print spaces
while (j< (2 - i))
{
cout<<" ";
j++;
}

while (k<=i)
{
cout<<"* ";
k++;
}

i++;
cout<<endl;
}

}
break;
case 23:
{
int i =0;
do
{
int j = -1;
int k = 0;
//print spaces
do
 {
cout<<" ";
j++;
}while (j< (2 - i));

do
{
cout<<"* ";
k++;
}while (k<=i);

i++;
cout<<endl;
}while (i < 3);
}
break;
default:
cout<<"Wrong input"<<endl;
break;
}
}
int main()
{
pattern_printer();
return 0;
}

Answer:
Source Code
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/*Practical 3*/
void printNumberSystem(int n){
cout << left << setw(10) << "Decimal"<< setw(10)
<< "Octal"<< setw(10) << "Hexadecimal" << endl;

for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i) {

cout << setw(10) << i << setw(10) << oct << i
<< setw(10) << hex << i << endl;

// Reset stream format to decimal for the next

iteration
cout << dec;
}
}
int main()
{
printNumberSystem(10);
return 0;
}
Output
Answer:

Source Code
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int** add_matrices(int a[3][3], int b[3][3], int

**destination){
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
destination [i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
}
}
return destination;
}

int** sub_matrices(int a[3][3], int b[3][3], int

**destination){
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
destination [i][j] = a[i][j] - b[i][j];
}
}
return destination;
}

int** mul_matrices(int a[3][3], int b[3][3], int

**destination) {
// Initialize the destination matrix with 0
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
destination[i][j] = 0;
 // Multiply corresponding elements and sum them
up
for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
destination[i][j] += a[i][k] * b[k][j];
}
}
}
return destination;
}

int main()
{
int matrix1[3][3]= {{1,2,3},
{4,5,6},
{7,8,9}};
int matrix2[3][3]= {{1,2,3},
{4,5,6},
{7,8,9}};

// Allocate memory for the result matrix

int **addResult = new int*[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
addResult[i] = new int[3];
}

add_matrices(matrix1,matrix2,addResult);

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
cout<<addResult[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout << endl;
}
cout<<endl<<endl;
 int **subResult = new int*[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
subResult[i] = new int[3];
}

sub_matrices(matrix1,matrix2,subResult);

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
cout<<subResult[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout << endl;
}

int **mulResult = new int*[3];

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
mulResult[i] = new int[3];
}

cout<<endl<<endl;

mul_matrices(matrix1,matrix2,mulResult);

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
cout<<mulResult[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout << endl;
}

cout<<endl<<endl;
 // Deallocate memory
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
delete[] addResult[i];
delete[] subResult[i];
delete[] mulResult[i];
}
delete[] addResult;
delete[] subResult;
delete[] mulResult;
return 0;
}
Output
Answer:

Source Code
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
//Practical 6(a)
void reverseString(string &s)
{
int n =s.size();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if(i<(n/2))
{
int temp = s[i];
s[i]= s[n-i-1];
s[n-i-1]= temp;
}
}

//Practical 6(b)
int count_characters(string &s)
{
int count =0;
int i =0;
while (s[i] != '\0')
{
count++;
i++;
}
 return count;
}

//Practical 6(c)
void CopyString(char source[], char destination[])
{
int i=0;
while (source[i] != '\0')
{
destination[i]=source[i];
i++;
}
while (destination[i] != '\0')
{
destination[i]= ' ';
i++;
}

//Practical 6(d)
void count_Vow_Con(char str[])
{
int countVow=0;
int countCon=0;
int i = 0;
while (str[i]!='\0')
{
if (str[i] == 'a'||str[i]=='e'||str[i]=='i'||str[i]=='o'||
str[i]=='u')
{
countVow++;
}
else if (str[i] != ' ')
{
countCon++;
 }
i++;
}
cout<<"Number of vowels: "<<countVow<<endl;
cout<<"Number of consonent: "<<countCon<<endl;
}
int main()
{
char s1[] = "This is source";
char s2[] = "This is destination";

string s ="olleh";
reverseString(s);
cout <<"Reversed string: "<<s << endl;

cout <<"Number of characters in the string is :

"<<count_characters(s) << endl;

cout<<"s2 before copyString: "<<s2<<endl;

CopyString(s1,s2);
cout<<"s2 after copyString: "<<s2<<endl<<endl;

count_Vow_Con(s1);
return 0;
}

Output
Answer:

Source Code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student
{
private:
int rollNo;
string name;
string subjects[3];
int max_Marks[3];
int min_Marks[3];
int obtained_Marks[3];

public:
Student(int rn, string nm)
{
 rollNo = rn;
name = nm;
}
void setData(string sub1, string sub2, string sub3)
{
subjects[0] = sub1;
subjects[1] = sub2;
subjects[2] = sub3;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << "Enter max marks for sub" << i << ": "
<< endl;
cin >> max_Marks[i];
cout << "Enter min marks for sub" << i << ": "
<< endl;
cin >> min_Marks[i];
cout << "Enter obtained marks for sub" << i<<
": " << endl;
cin >> obtained_Marks[i];
}
}
void getData()
{
cout << "\nStudent Roll Number: " << rollNo <<
endl;
cout << "Student Name: " << name << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << "\nSubject: " << subjects[i] << endl;
cout << "Maximum Marks " << max_Marks[i] <<
endl;
cout << "Minimum Marks: " << min_Marks[i] <<
endl;
cout << "Obtained Marks: " << obtained_Marks[i]
<< endl;
}
 }
~Student()
{
cout<<"Destructor called"<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Student s1(100,"shazam");
s1.setData("Hindi","English","Maths");
s1.getData();
return 0;
}
Output
Answer:

Source Code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student
{
private:
int rollNo;
string name;
string subjects[3];
int max_Marks[3];
int min_Marks[3];
int obtained_Marks[3];

public:
Student()
{
cout << "\nEnter your roll no.: ";
cin >> rollNo;
cout << "Enter your Name: ";
cin >> name;
}
void setData(string sub1, string sub2, string sub3)
{
subjects[0] = sub1;
subjects[1] = sub2;
subjects[2] = sub3;
cout << name << " Enter your data: " << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << "Enter max marks for " << subjects[i]
<< ": ";
cin >> max_Marks[i];
cout << "Enter min marks for " << subjects[i]
<< ": ";
cin >> min_Marks[i];
cout << "Enter obtained marks for " <<
subjects[i] << ": ";
cin >> obtained_Marks[i];
cout << endl
<< endl;
 }
cout << name << "'s Data successfully inputted."
<< endl;
}
void getData()
{
cout << "\nStudent Roll Number: " << rollNo <<
endl;
cout << "Student Name: " << name << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << "\nSubject: " << subjects[i] << endl;
cout << "Maximum Marks " << max_Marks[i] <<
endl;
cout << "Minimum Marks: " << min_Marks[i] <<
endl;
cout << "Obtained Marks: " << obtained_Marks[i]
<< endl;
}
}
int getRollNo()
{
return rollNo;
}

~Student()
{
// cout << "Destructor called" << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
int input;
Student s[3];
s[0].setData("Hindi", "Maths", "English");
 cout <<
"==================================
=============" << endl;
s[1].setData("Hindi", "Maths", "English");
cout <<
"==================================
=============" << endl;
s[2].setData("Hindi", "Maths", "English");

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{
s[i].getData();

cout<<"=============================
==================="<<endl;
}

// get data by querying the rollno of the student

int searchRollNo;
cout << "\nEnter roll number of the student whose
result you want to display: ";
cin >> searchRollNo;

bool found = false;

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
if (s[i].getRollNo() == searchRollNo)
{
s[i].getData();
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (!found)
{
 cout << "\nStudent with Roll Number " <<
searchRollNo << " not found.\n";
}

return 0;
}
Output
/
Answer:

Source Code
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Sarray
{
private:
int arr[5];
int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int);

public:
Sarray()
{
cout << "Enter numbers in array elements: " <<
endl;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
cout << "at index " << i << endl;
cin >> arr[i];
}
}
void sortArr()
{
int mini;
for (int i = 0; i <= (size - 2); i++)
{
mini = i;
for (int j = i; j <= (size - 1); j++)
{
if (arr[j] < arr[mini])
{
 mini = j;
}
}
int temp = arr[mini];
arr[mini] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
}
cout << "Sorted Array: " << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
}
void findLargestElement()
{
int max = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < size; i++)
{
if (max < arr[i])
{
max = arr[i];
}
}
cout << "Largest Element of array: " << max <<
endl;
}
void searchValue(int val)
{
bool found = false;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{

if (val == arr[i])
{
cout<<"This value is present in the array at
index: "<<i<<endl;
 found = true;
}
if (found)
{
break;
}
}

}
~Sarray() {}
};
int main()
{
Sarray s1;
s1.sortArr();
cout<<endl;
s1.findLargestElement();
cout<<endl;
s1.searchValue(34);
return 0;
}
Output
Answer:

Source Code
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
struct student
{
string name;
int rollNo;
string subject[3];
int marks[3];
void setData()
{
cout << "Enter your Name: ";
cin >> name;
cout << "Enter your rollNo.: ";
cin >> rollNo;

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{
cout << "Enter name of Subject " << (i + 1) << "
: ";
cin >> subject[i];
}

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{
cout << "Enter marks of " <<subject[i] << " : ";
cin >> marks[i];
}
}
void getData()
{
cout<<"\t\tStudent Details\n"<<endl;
 cout << "Student's Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Student's rollNo: " << rollNo << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
cout << "Marks of " << name << " in " <<
subject[i] << " is " << marks[i] << endl;
}
}
};

int main()
{
student s1;
s1.setData();
cout<<endl<<endl;
s1.getData();
return 0;
}
Output
Answer:

Source Code
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Polar
{
private:
float radius;
float angle;
public:
Polar(float radius, float angles);
Polar(const Polar &obj);
void display() const {
cout << "Radius: " << radius << ", Angle: " <<
angle << " degrees" << endl;
}
~Polar();
};

Polar::Polar(float radius, float angles)

{
this->radius = radius;//The this pointer is a pointer to
the current object, and pointers require the use of the ->
operator to access members.
this->angle = angles;
cout << "Object intialized via Parameterized
Constructor" << endl;
}
Polar::Polar(const Polar &obj)
{
 // Shallow Copy
this->radius = obj.radius;
this->angle = obj.angle;
cout<<"\nObject intialized via copy
construtor"<<endl;
}

Polar::~Polar()
{
}

int main()
{
Polar p1(3.5,40);
cout<<"p1 Details:"<<endl;
p1.display();

Polar p2(p1);
cout<<"p2 Details:"<<endl;
p2.display();
return 0;
}
Output
Answer:

Source Code
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Polar
{
private:
float radius;
float angle;
public:
Polar(float radius, float angles);
Polar(const Polar &obj);
void display() const {
cout << "Radius: " << radius << ", Angle: " <<
angle << " degrees" << endl;
}
~Polar();
};

Polar::Polar(float radius= 2, float angles = 20)

{
this->radius = radius;
this->angle = angles;
cout << "\nObject intialized via Parameterized
Constructor" << endl;
}
Polar::Polar(const Polar &obj)
{
// Shallow Copy
this->radius = obj.radius;
this->angle = obj.angle;
 cout<<"\nObject intialized via copy
construtor"<<endl;
}

Polar::~Polar()
{
}

int main()
{
Polar p0;
cout<<"p0 Details:"<<endl;
p0.display();

Polar p1(3.5,40);
cout<<"p1 Details:"<<endl;
p1.display();

Polar p2(p1);
cout<<"p2 Details:"<<endl;
p2.display();
return 0;
}
Output
Answer:

Source Code
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class Calculate
{
private:
/* data */
public:
static int area(int length, int bredth)
{
return length * bredth;
}
static float area(float base, float height)
{
return 0.5*(base * height);
}
static float area(float radius)
{
return M_PI*(radius * radius);
}
};

int main()
{

cout<<"The area of triangle whose base is 2.23cm and

height is 3.22cm:
is :"<<Calculate::area(2.23f,3.22f)<<"cm
sqare"<<endl;
 cout<<"The area of a rectangle of length 2cm and
breadth 54cm is: "<<Calculate::area(2,54)<<"cm
sqare"<<endl;
cout<<"The area of circle whose radius is 2.23cm is :
"<<Calculate::area(2.23f)<<"cm sqare"<<endl;
return 0;
}
Output

Answer:

Source Code
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Operation
{
private:
/* data */
public:
static void swap(int &x, int &y)
{
int temp = x;
x= y;
y =temp;
}
static void swap(float &x, float &y)
{
float temp = x;
x= y;
y =temp;
 }
};

int main()
{
int a=10,b=30;
float c=4.3,d=3.4;
cout<<"Values before swap:\n a = "<<a<<"\t\tb =
"<<b<<"\n c = "<<c<<"\t d = "<<d<<endl;
Operation::swap(a,b);
Operation::swap(c,d);
cout<<"Values after swap:\n a = "<<a<<"\t\t b =
"<<b<<"\n c = "<<c<<"\t d = "<<d<<endl;
return 0;
}
Output