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1. Check Nineteen and Five Occurrences

Write a Python program to find a list of integers with exactly two
occurrences of nineteen and at least three occurrences of five. Return True
otherwise False.
Input:
[19, 19, 15, 5, 3, 5, 5, 2]
Output:
True
Input:
[19, 15, 15, 5, 3, 3, 5, 2]
Output:
False
Input:
[19, 19, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5]
Output:
True
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2. Fifth Element and List Length Check

Write a Python program that accepts a list of integers and calculates the
length and the fifth element. Return true if the length of the list is 8 and the
fifth element occurs thrice in the said list.
Input:
[19, 19, 15, 5, 5, 5, 1, 2]
Output:
True
Input:
[19, 15, 5, 7, 5, 5, 2]
Output:
False
Input:
[11, 12, 14, 13, 14, 13, 15, 14]
Output:
True
Input:
[19, 15, 11, 7, 5, 6, 2]
Output:
False
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3. Integer Greater Than 444^444 and Mod 34

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Write a Python program that accepts an integer and determines whether it

is greater than 4^4 and which is 4 mod 34.
Input:
922
Output:
True
Input:
914
Output:
False
Input:
854
Output:
True
Input:
854
Output:
True
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4. Stone Piles Distribution

We are making n stone piles! The first pile has n stones. If n is even, then
all piles have an even number of stones. If n is odd, all piles have an odd
number of stones. Each pile must more stones than the previous pile but
as few as possible. Write a Python program to find the number of stones in
each pile.
Input: 2
Output:
[2, 4]
Input: 10
Output:
[10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28]
Input: 3
Output:
[3, 5, 7]
Input: 17
Output:
[17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49]
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5. Substring in String List Check

Write a Python program to check the nth-1 string is a proper substring of

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Write a Python program to check the n string is a proper substring of

the nth string in a given list of strings.
Input:
['a', 'abb', 'sfs', 'oo', 'de', 'sfde']
Output:
True
Input:
['a', 'abb', 'sfs', 'oo', 'ee', 'sfde']
Output:
False
Input:
['a', 'abb', 'sad', 'ooaaesdfe', 'sfsdfde', 'sfsd', 'sfsdf', 'qwrew']
Output:
False
Input:
['a', 'abb', 'sad', 'ooaaesdfe', 'sfsdfde', 'sfsd', 'sfsdf', 'qwsfsdfrew']
Output:
True
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6. List Integers Differ by Ten

Write a Python program to test a list of one hundred integers between 0
and 999, which all differ by ten from one another. Return True otherwise
False.
Input:
[0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160,
170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310,
320, 330, 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390, 400, 410, 420, 430, 440, 450, 460,
470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610,
620, 630, 640, 650, 660, 670, 680, 690, 700, 710, 720, 730, 740, 750, 760,
770, 780, 790, 800, 810, 820, 830, 840, 850, 860, 870, 880, 890, 900, 910,
920, 930, 940, 950, 960, 970, 980, 990]
Output:
True
Input:
[0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 300,
320, 340, 360, 380, 400, 420, 440, 460, 480, 500, 520, 540, 560, 580, 600,
620, 640, 660, 680, 700, 720, 740, 760, 780, 800, 820, 840, 860, 880, 900,
920, 940, 960, 980]
Output:
False
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7. Sum of First i Equals i

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7. Sum of First i Equals i

Write a Python program to check a given list of integers where the sum
of the first i integers is i.
Input:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Output:
False
Input:
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
Output:
True
Input:
[2, 2, 2, 2, 2]
Output:
False
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Computer programming bootcamps

8. Split String into Words and Separators

Write a Python program to split a string of words separated by commas
and spaces into two lists, words and separators.
Input: W3resource Python, Exercises.
Output:
[['W3resource', 'Python', 'Exercises.'], [' ', ', ']]
Input: The dance, held in the school gym, ended at midnight.
Output:
[['The', 'dance', 'held', 'in', 'the', 'school', 'gym', 'ended', 'at', 'midnight.'], [' ', ',
', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ', ', ' ', ' ']]
Input: The colors in my studyroom are blue, green, and yellow.
Output:
[['The', 'colors', 'in', 'my', 'studyroom', 'are', 'blue', 'green', 'and', 'yellow.'], [' ',
' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ', ', ', ', ' ']]
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9. Four Distinct Values Non-Consecutive

Write a Python program to find a list of integers containing exactly four distinct
values, such that no integer repeats twice consecutively among the first twenty
entries.
Input:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4]
Output:
True
Input:

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[1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 3]
Output:
False
Input:
[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
Output:
False
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10. Split Matched Parentheses Groups

Given a string consisting of whitespace and groups of matched
parentheses, write a Python program to split it into groups of perfectly
matched parentheses without any whitespace.
Input:
( ()) ((()()())) (()) ()
Output:
['(())', '((()()()))', '(())', '()']
Input:
() (( ( )() ( )) ) ( ())
Output:
['()', '((()()()))', '(())']
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11. Indices Below Threshold

Write a Python program to find the indexes of numbers in a given list below
a given threshold.
Original list:
[0, 12, 45, 3, 4923, 322, 105, 29, 15, 39, 55]
Threshold: 100
Check the indexes of numbers of the said list below the given threshold:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10]
Original list:
[0, 12, 4, 3, 49, 9, 1, 5, 3]
Threshold: 10
Check the indexes of numbers of the said list below the given threshold:
[0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8]
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12. Check Palindromes in List

Write a Python program to check whether the given strings are
palindromes or not. Return True otherwise False.
Input:
['palindrome', 'madamimadam', '', 'foo', 'eyes']

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Output:
[False, True, True, False, False]
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13. Find Strings with Prefix

Write a Python program to find strings in a given list starting with a given
prefix.
Input:
[( ca,('cat', 'car', 'fear', 'center'))]
Output:
['cat', 'car']
Input:
[(do,('cat', 'dog', 'shatter', 'donut', 'at', 'todo'))]
Output:
['dog', 'donut']
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14. Length of Strings in List

Write a Python program to find the length of a given list of non-empty
strings.
Input:
['cat', 'car', 'fear', 'center']
Output:
[3, 3, 4, 6]
Input:
['cat', 'dog', 'shatter', 'donut', 'at', 'todo', '']
Output:
[3, 3, 7, 5, 2, 4, 0]
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15. Longest String in List

Write a Python program to find the longest string in a given list of
strings.
Input:
['cat', 'car', 'fear', 'center']
Output:
center
Input:
['cat', 'dog', 'shatter', 'donut', 'at', 'todo', '']
Output:
shatter
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16. Find Strings with Substring

Write a Python program to find strings in a given list containing a given
substring.
Input:
[(ca,('cat', 'car', 'fear', 'center'))]
Output:
['cat', 'car']
Input:
[(o,('cat', 'dog', 'shatter', 'donut', 'at', 'todo', ''))]
Output:
['dog', 'donut', 'todo']
Input:
[(oe,('cat', 'dog', 'shatter', 'donut', 'at', 'todo', ''))]
Output:
[]
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17. Create String of Non-Negatives to n

Write a Python program to create a string consisting of non-negative
integers up to n inclusive.
Input:
4
Output:
01234
Input:
15
Output:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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18. Target Indices in Uneven Matrix

An irregular/uneven matrix, or ragged matrix, is a matrix that has a different
number of elements in each row. Ragged matrices are not used in linear
algebra, since standard matrix transformations cannot be performed on
them, but they are useful as arrays in computing.
Write a Python program to find the indices of all occurrences of target in
the uneven matrix.
Input:
[([1, 3, 2, 32, 19], [19, 2, 48, 19], [], [9, 35, 4], [3, 19]),19]
Output:
[[0, 4], [1, 0], [1, 3], [4, 1]]

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[[0, 4], [1, 0], [1, 3], [4, 1]]

Input:
[([1, 2, 3, 2], [], [7, 9, 2, 1, 4]),2]
Output:
[[0, 1], [0, 3], [2, 2]]
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19. Split String on Space or Comma

Write a Python program to split a given string (s) into strings if there is a
space in s, otherwise split on commas if there is a comma, otherwise
return the list of lowercase letters in odd order (order of a = 0, b = 1, etc.).
Input:
abcd
Split the said string into strings if there is a space in the string,
otherwise split on commas if there is a comma,
Output:
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
Input:
a,b,c,d
Split the said string into strings if there is a space in the string,
otherwise split on commas if there is a comma,
Output:
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
Input:
abcd
Split the said string into strings if there is a space in the string,
otherwise split on commas if there is a comma,
Output:
['b', 'd']
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20. Determine Monotonic Direction

Write a Python program to determine the direction ('increasing' or
'decreasing') of monotonic sequence numbers.
Input:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Output:
Increasing.
Input:
[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
Output:
Decreasing.
Input:

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Input:
[19, 19, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5]
Output:
Not a monotonic sequence!
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21. Isolated Last Character Check

Write a Python program to check, for each string in a given list, whether
the last character is an isolated letter or not. Return True otherwise False.
Input:
['cat', 'car', 'fear', 'center']
Output:
[False, False, False, False]
Input:
['ca t', 'car', 'fea r', 'cente r']
Output:
[True, False, True, True]
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22. Sum of ASCII for Uppercase Letters

Write a Python program to compute the sum of the ASCII values of the
upper-case characters in a given string.
Input:
PytHon ExerciSEs
Output:
373
Input:
JavaScript
Output:
157
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23. Indices of Drops in List

Write a Python program to find the indices at which the numbers in the
list drop.
NOTE: You can detect multiple drops just by checking if nums[i] <
nums[i-1]
Input:
[0, -1, 3, 8, 5, 9, 8, 14, 2, 4, 3, -10, 10, 17, 41, 22, -4, -4, -15, 0]
Output:
[1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 18]
Input:
[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

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[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Input:
[1, 19, 5, 15, 5, 25, 5]
Output:
[0, 2, 4, 6]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-23.php)

24. Max of First i Elements

Write a Python program to create a list whose ith element is the maximum
of the first i elements from an input list.
Input:
[0, -1, 3, 8, 5, 9, 8, 14, 2, 4, 3, -10, 10, 17, 41, 22, -4, -4, -15, 0]
Output:
[0, 0, 3, 8, 8, 9, 9, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 17, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41]
Input:
[6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
Output:
[6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6]
Input:
[1, 19, 5, 15, 5, 25, 5]
Output:
[1, 19, 19, 19, 19, 25, 25]
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25. XOR of Binary Strings

Write a Python program to find the XOR of two given strings interpreted as
binary numbers.
Input:
['0001', '1011']
Output:
0b1010
Input:
['100011101100001', '100101100101110']
Output:
0b110001001111
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26. Largest Number with Commas/Periods

Write a Python program to find the largest number where commas or
periods are decimal points.

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Input:
['100', '102,1', '101.1']
Output:
102.1
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27. Minimize Mean Squared Deviation

Write a Python program to find x that minimizes the mean squared
deviation from a given list of numbers.
Input:
[4, -5, 17, -9, 14, 108, -9]
Output:
17.142857142857142
Input:
[12, -2, 14, 3, -15, 10, -45, 3, 30]
Output:
1.1111111111111112
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28. String with Most Unique Characters

Write a Python program to select a string from a given list of strings with
the most unique characters.
Input:
['cat', 'catatatatctsa', 'abcdefhijklmnop', '124259239185125', '', 'foo',
'unique']
Output:
abcdefhijklmnop
Input:
['Green', 'Red', 'Orange', 'Yellow', '', 'White']
Output:
Orange
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29. Indices of Numbers Summing to Zero

Write a Python program to find the indices of two numbers that sum to 0 in
a given list of numbers.
Input:
[1, -4, 6, 7, 4]
Output:
[4, 1]
Input:
[1232, -20352, 12547, 12440, 741, 341, 525, 20352, 91, 20]

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Output:
[1, 7]
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30. List with Fewer Total Characters

Write a Python program to find a list of strings that have fewer total
characters (including repetitions).
Input:
[['this', 'list', 'is', 'narrow'], ['I', 'am', 'shorter but wider']]
Output:
['this', 'list', 'is', 'narrow']
Input:
[['Red', 'Black', 'Pink'], ['Green', 'Red', 'White']]
Output:
['Red', 'Black', 'Pink']
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-30.php)

31. Triangle Coordinates Finder

Write a Python program to find the coordinates of a triangle with given side
lengths.
Input:
[3, 4, 5]
Output:
[[0.0, 0.0], [3, 0.0], [3.0, 4.0]]
Input:
[5, 6, 7]
Output:
[[0.0, 0.0], [5, 0.0], [3.8, 5.878775382679628]]
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32. Rescale List to [0,1]

Write a Python program to rescale and shift numbers in a given list, so that
they cover the range [0, 1].
Input:
[18.5, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 18.0]
Output:
[0.75, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 0.5]
Input:
[13.0, 17.0, 17.0, 15.5, 2.94]
Output:
[0.7155049786628734, 1.0, 1.0, 0.8933143669985776, 0.0]
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33. Uppercase Vowel Positions

Write a Python program to find the positions of all uppercase vowels
(not counting Y) in even indices of a given string.
Input: w3rEsOUrcE
Output:
[6]
Input: AEIOUYW
Output:
[0, 2, 4]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-33.php)

34. Sum of Numbers with 2+ Digits

Write a Python program to find the sum of the numbers in a given list
among the first k with more than 2 digits.
Input: [4, 5, 17, 9, 14, 108, -9, 12, 76]
Value of K: 4
Output:
0
Input: [4, 5, 17, 9, 14, 108, -9, 12, 76]
Value of K: 6
Output:
108
Input: [114, 215, -117, 119, 14, 108, -9, 12, 76]
Value of K: 5
Output:
331
Input: [114, 215, -117, 119, 14, 108, -9, 12, 76]
Value of K: 1
Output:
114
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35. Product of Odd Digits

Write a Python program to compute the product of the odd digits in a given
number, or 0 if there aren't any.
Input: 123456789
Output:
945
Input: 2468
Output:
0

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0
Input: 13579
Output:
945
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36. Find Largest K Numbers

Write a Python program to find the largest k numbers from a given list of
numbers.
Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 6, 2]
Output:
[6]
Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 6, 2]
Output:
[6, 5]
Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 6, 2]
Output:
[6, 5, 5]
Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 6, 2]
Output:
[6, 5, 5, 4]
Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 3, 6, 2]
Output:
[6, 5, 5, 4, 3]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-36.php)

37. Largest Proper Divisor

Write a Python program to find the largest integer divisor of a number n
that is less than n.
Input: 18
Output:
9
Input: 100
Output:
50
Input: 102
Output:
51
Input: 500
Output:
250
Input: 1000
Output:

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Output:
500
Input: 6500
Output:
3250
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38. Sort by Digit Sum

Write a Python program to sort the numbers in a given list by the sum of
their digits.
Input: [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]
Output:
[10, 11, 20, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
Input: [23, 2, 9, 34, 8, 9, 10, 74]
Output:
[10, 2, 23, 34, 8, 9, 9, 74]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-38.php)

39. Zero-Sum Triples Finder

Write a Python program to determine which triples sum to zero from a
given list of lists.
Input: [[1343532, -2920635, 332], [-27, 18, 9], [4, 0, -4], [2, 2, 2], [-20, 16,
4]]
Output:
[False, True, True, False, True]
Input: [[1, 2, -3], [-4, 0, 4], [0, 1, -5], [1, 1, 1], [-2, 4, -1]]
Output:
[True, True, False, False, False]
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40. Flip Case and Shift Vowels

Write a Python program to find strings that, when case is flipped, give a
target where vowels are replaced by characters two later.
Input: Python
Output:
pYTHQN
Input: aeiou
Output:
CGKQW
Input: Hello, world!
Output:
hGLLQ, WQRLD!
Input: AEIOU

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Input: AEIOU
Output:
cgkqw
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41. Sort Numbers from Words

Write a Python program to sort numbers based on strings.
Input: six one four one two three
Output:
one two three four six
Input: six one four three two nine eight
Output:
one two three four six eight nine
Input: nine eight seven six five four three two one
Output:
one two three four five six seven eight nine
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42. Distinct Characters in String

Write a Python program to find the set of distinct characters in a given
string, ignoring case.
Input: HELLO
Output:
['h', 'o', 'l', 'e']
Input: HelLo
Output:
['h', 'o', 'l', 'e']
Input: Ignoring case
Output:
['s', 'n', 'c', 'o', 'e', 'i', 'r', 'g', 'a', ' ']
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-42.php)

43. Words with N Consonants

Write a Python program to find all words in a given string with n
consonants.
Input: this is our time
Output:
Number of consonants: 3
Words in the said string with 3 consonants:
['this']
Number of consonants: 2
Words in the said string with 2 consonants:

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['time']
Number of consonants: 1
Words in the said string with 1 consonants:
['is', 'our']
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-43.php)

44. Hexadecimal Prime Characters

Write a Python program to find which characters of a hexadecimal number
correspond to prime numbers.
Input: 123ABCD
Output:
[False, True, True, False, True, False, True]
Input: 123456
Output:
[False, True, True, False, True, False]
Input: FACE
Output:
[False, False, False, False]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-44.php)

45. Find Even Palindromes

Write a Python program to find all even palindromes up to n.
Output:
Even palindromes up to 50 -
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 22, 44]
Even palindromes up to 100 -
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 22, 44, 66, 88]
Even palindromes up to 500 -
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 22, 44, 66, 88, 202, 212, 222, 232, 242, 252, 262, 272, 282,
292, 404, 414, 424, 434, 444, 454, 464, 474, 484, 494]
Even palindromes up to 2000 -
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 22, 44, 66, 88, 202, 212, 222, 232, 242, 252, 262, 272, 282,
292, 404, 414, 424, 434, 444, 454, 464, 474, 484, 494, 606, 616, 626, 636,
646, 656, 666, 676, 686, 696, 808, 818, 828, 838, 848, 858, 868, 878, 888,
898]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-45.php)

46. Minimum Even Value and Index

Given an array of numbers representing a branch on a binary tree, write a
Python program to find the minimum even value and its index. In the case
of a tie, return the smallest index. If there are no even numbers, the
answer is [].

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Input:
[1, 9, 4, 6, 10, 11, 14, 8]
Output:
Minimum even value and its index of the said array of numbers:
[4, 2]
Input:
[1, 7, 4, 4, 9, 2]
Output:
Minimum even value and its index of the said array of numbers:
[2, 5]
Input:
[1, 7, 7, 5, 9]
Output:
Minimum even value and its index of the said array of numbers:
[]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-46.php)

47. Filter by Sum of Digits

Write a Python program to filter for numbers in a given list whose sum of
digits is > 0, where the first digit can be negative.
Input:
[11, -6, -103, -200]
Output:
[11, -103]
Input:
[1, 7, -4, 4, -9, 2]
Output:
[1, 7, 4, 2]
Input:
[10, -11, -71, -13, 14, -32]
Output:
[10, -13, 14]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-47.php)

48. Find Non-Increasing Indices

Write a Python program to find the indices of two entries that show that the
list is not in increasing order. If there are no violations (they are increasing),
return an empty list.
Input:
[1, 2, 3, 0, 4, 5, 6]
Output:
[2, 3]

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Input:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Output:
[]
Input:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 7]
Output:
[4, 5]
Input:
[-3, -2, -3, 0, 2, 3, 4]
Output:
[1, 2]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-48.php)

49. H-Index Finder

Write a Python program to find the h-index, the largest positive number
h such that h occurs in the sequence at least h times. If there is no such
positive number return h = -1.
Input:
[1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
Output:
4
Input:
[1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Output:
2
Input:
[3, 1, 4, 17, 5, 17, 2, 1, 41, 32, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5]
Output:
5
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-49.php)

50. Sort Even-Length Words

Write a Python program to find even-length words from a given list of
words and sort them by length.
Original list of words:
['Red', 'Black', 'White', 'Green', 'Pink', 'Orange']
Find the even-length words and sort them by length in the said list of
words:
['Pink', 'Orange']
Original list of words:
['The', 'worm', 'ate', 'a', 'bird', 'imagine', 'that', '!', 'Absurd', '!!']

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Find the even-length words and sort them by length in the said list of
words:
['!!', 'bird', 'that', 'worm', 'Absurd']
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-50.php)

51. Product of Units Digits

Write a Python program to find the product of the units digits in the
numbers in a given list.
Input: 10
Output:
[1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55]
Input: 15
Output:
[1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610]
Input: 50
Output:
[1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584,
4181, 6765, 10946, 17711, 28657, 46368, 75025, 121393, 196418,
317811, 514229, 832040, 1346269, 2178309, 3524578, 5702887,
9227465, 14930352, 24157817, 39088169, 63245986, 102334155,
165580141, 267914296, 433494437, 701408733, 1134903170,
1836311903, 2971215073, 4807526976, 7778742049, 12586269025]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-51.php)

52. Reverse Case or Reverse Strings

Write a Python program to reverse the case of all strings. For those strings,
which contain no letters, reverse the strings.
Original list:
['cat', 'catatatatctsa', 'abcdefhijklmnop', '124259239185125', '', 'foo',
'unique']
Reverse the case of all strings. For those strings which contain no letters,
reverse the strings:
['CAT', 'CATATATATCTSA', 'ABCDEFHIJKLMNOP', '521581932952421', '',
'FOO', 'UNIQUE']
Original list:
['Green', 'Red', 'Orange', 'Yellow', '', 'White']
Reverse the case of all strings. For those strings which contain no letters,
reverse the strings:
['gREEN', 'rED', 'oRANGE', 'yELLOW', '', 'wHITE']
Original list:
['Hello', '!@#', '!@#$', '123#@!']
Reverse the case of all strings. For those strings which contain no letters,

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reverse the strings:

['hELLO', '#@!', '$#@!', '!@#321']
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-52.php)

53. Product of Units in List

Write a Python program to find the product of the units digits in the
numbers in a given list.
Input:
[12, 23]
Output:
6
Input:
[12, 23, 43]
Output:
18
Input:
[113, 234]
Output:
12
Input:
[1002, 2005]
Output:
10
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-53.php)

54. Remove Duplicates, Preserve Order

Write a Python program to remove duplicates from a list of integers,
preserving order.
Input:
[1, 3, 4, 10, 4, 1, 43]
Output:
[1, 3, 4, 10, 43]
Input:
[10, 11, 13, 23, 11, 25, 23, 76, 99]
Output:
[10, 11, 13, 23, 25, 76, 99]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-54.php)

55. Odd First and Last Digits

Write a Python program to find numbers that are greater than 10 and have
odd first and last digits.
Input:

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[1, 3, 79, 10, 4, 1, 39, 62]

Output:
[79, 39]
Input:
[11, 31, 77, 93, 48, 1, 57]
Output:
[11, 31, 77, 93, 57]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-55.php)

56. Find Integer Exponent

Write a Python program to find an integer exponent x such that a^x = n.
Input:
a = 2 : n = 1024
Output:
10
Input:
a = 3 : n = 81
Output:
4
Input:
a=3:n=
12900700781701026662481960358450703949334417416449930858101164413445974926422
Output:
170
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-56.php)

57. Signed Sum of Magnitudes

Write a Python program to find the sum of the magnitudes of the elements
in the array. This sum should have a sign that is equal to the product of the
signs of the entries.
Input:
[1, 3, -2]
Output:
-6
Input:
[1, -3, 3]
Output:
-7
Input:
[10, 32, 3]
Output:
45

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Input:
[-25, -12, -23]
Output:
-60
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-57.php)

58. Largest Even Number in Range

Write a Python program to find the biggest even number between two
numbers inclusive.
Input:
m = 12
n = 51
Output:
50
Input:
m=1
n = 79
Output:
78
Input:
m = 47
n = 53
Output:
52
Input:
m = 100
n = 200
Output:
200
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-58.php)

59. Validate Filenames

A valid filename should end in .txt, .exe, .jpg, .png, or .dll, and should have
at most three digits, no additional periods. Write a Python program to
create a list of True/False that determine whether candidate filename is
valid or not.
Input:
['abc.txt', 'windows.dll', 'tiger.png', 'rose.jpg', 'test. py', 'win32.exe']
Output:
['Yes', 'Yes', 'Yes', 'Yes', 'No', 'Yes']
Input:
['.txt', 'windows.exe', 'tiger.jpeg', 'rose.c', 'test.java']
Output:
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Output:
['No', 'Yes', 'No', 'No', 'No']
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-59.php)

60. Numbers Adjacent to Primes

Write a Python program to find a list of all numbers that are adjacent to a
prime number in the list, sorted without duplicates.
Input:
[2, 17, 16, 0, 6, 4, 5]
Output:
[2, 4, 16, 17]
Input:
[1, 2, 19, 16, 6, 4, 10]
Output:
[1, 2, 16, 19]
Input:
[1, 2, 3, 5, 1, 16, 7, 11, 4]
Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 16]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-60.php)

61. Find Missing Number for Zero Total

Write a Python program to find the number which when appended to the
list makes the total 0.
Input:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Output:
-15
Input:
[-1, -2, -3, -4, 5]
Output:
5
Input:
[10, 42, 17, 9, 1315182, 184, 102, 29, 15, 39, 755]
Output:
-1316384
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62. Dictionary Key with Odd Case

Write a Python program to find the dictionary key whose case is different
from all other keys.
Input:

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{'red': '', 'GREEN': '', 'blue': 'orange'}

Output:
GREEN
Input:
{'RED': '', 'GREEN': '', 'orange': '#125GD'}
Output:
orange
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-62.php)

63. Sum of Even Elements at Odd Indices

Write a Python program to find the sum of the even elements that are at
odd indices in a given list.
Input:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Output:
12
Input:
[1, 2, 8, 3, 9, 4]
Output:
6
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-63.php)

64. Words with Prime Lengths

Write a Python program to find the string consisting of all the words whose
lengths are prime numbers.
Input:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
Output:
The quick brown fox jumps the
Input:
Omicron Effect: Foreign Flights Won't Resume On Dec 15, Decision Later.
Output:
Omicron Effect: Foreign Flights Won't On Dec 15,
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-64.php)

65. Circular Shift of Digits

Write a Python program to shift the decimal digits n places to the left,
wrapping the extra digits around. If the shift > the number of digits in n,
reverse the string.
Input:
n = 12345 and shift = 1
Output:

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Output:
Result = 23451
Input:
n = 12345 and shift = 2
Output:
Result = 34512
Input:
n = 12345 and shift = 3
Output:
Result = 45123
Input:
n = 12345 and shift = 5
Output:
Result = 12345
Input:
n = 12345 and shift = 6
Output:
Result = 54321
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-65.php)

66. Indices of Closest Pair

Write a Python program to find the indices of the closest pair from a list of
numbers.
Input: [1, 7, 9, 2, 10]
Output:
[0, 3]
Input: [1.1, 4.25, 0.79, 1.0, 4.23]
Output:
[4, 1]
Input: [0.21, 11.3, 2.01, 8.0, 10.0, 3.0, 15.2]
Output:
[2, 5]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-66.php)

67. ASCII Shift for String Transformation

Write a Python program to find a string which, when each character is
shifted (ASCII incremented) by shift, gives the result.
Input:
Ascii character table
Shift = 1
Output:
@rbhhbg`q`bsdqs`akd
Input:

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Ascii character table

Shift = -1
Output:
Btdjj!dibsbdufs!ubcmf
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-67.php)

68. Fives Divisible by 9 or 15

Write a Python program to find all 5's in integers less than n that are
divisible by 9 or 15.
Input:
Value of n = 50
Output:
[[15, 1], [45, 1]]
Input:
Value of n = 65
Output:
[[15, 1], [45, 1], [54, 0]]
Input:
Value of n = 75
Output:
[[15, 1], [45, 1], [54, 0]]
Input:
Value of n = 85
Output:
[[15, 1], [45, 1], [54, 0], [75, 1]]
Input:
Value of n = 150
Output:
[[15, 1], [45, 1], [54, 0], [75, 1], [105, 2], [135, 2]]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-68.php)

69. Rearrange Words by ASCII

Write a Python program to create a new string by taking a string, and word
by word rearranging its characters in ASCII order.
Input: Ascii character table
Output:
Aciis aaccehrrt abelt
Input: maltos won
Output:
almost now
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70. First Negative Balance

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70. First Negative Balance

Write a Python program to find the first negative balance from a given list
of numbers that represent bank deposits and withdrawals.
Input:
[[12, -7, 3, -89, 14, 88, -78], [-1, 2, 7]]
Output:
[-81, -1]
Input:
[[1200, 100, -900], [100, 100, -2400]]
Output:
[None, -2200]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-70.php)

71. Inject Separator Between Numbers

Given a list of numbers and a number to inject, write a Python program to
create a list containing that number in between each pair of adjacent
numbers.
Input: [12, -7, 3, -89, 14, 88, -78, -1, 2, 7]
Separator: 6
Output:
[12, 6, -7, 6, 3, 6, -89, 6, 14, 6, 88, 6, -78, 6, -1, 6, 2, 6, 7]
Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Separator: 9
Output:
[1, 9, 2, 9, 3, 9, 4, 9, 5, 9, 6]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-71.php)

72. Indices of Three Numbers Summing to Zero

Write a Python program to find the indices of three numbers that sum to 0
in a given list of numbers.
Input: [12, -7, 3, -89, 14, 4, -78, -1, 2, 7]
Output:
[1, 2, 5]
Input: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, -7]
Output:
[2, 3, 6]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-72.php)

73. Vowel Between Consonants Substring

Write a Python program to find a substring in a given string that contains
a vowel between two consonants.
Input: Hello

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Input: Hello
Output:
Hel
Input: Sandwhich
Output:
San
Input: Python
Output:
hon
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-73.php)

74. Space-Separated Characters with Counts

Write a Python program to find a string consisting of space-separated
characters with given counts.
Input: {'f': 1, 'o': 2}
Output:
foo
Input: {'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}
Output:
abc
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-74.php)

75. Reorder Numbers Based on Sum

Write a Python program to reorder numbers from a given array in
increasing/decreasing order based on whether the first plus last element is
odd/even.
Reorder numbers of a give array in increasing/decreasing order based on
whether the first plus last element is odd/even.:
Input:
[3, 7, 4]
Output:
[3, 4, 7]
Input:
[2, 7, 4]
Output:
[7, 4, 2]
Input:
[1, 5, 6, 7, 4, 2, 8]
Output:
[1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
Input:
[1, 5, 6, 7, 4, 2, 9]
Output:

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Output:
[9, 7, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-75.php)

76. Largest Prime Index and Digit Sum

Write a Python program to find the index of the largest prime in the list and
the sum of its digits.
Input: [3, 7, 4]
Output:
[1, 7]
Input: [3, 11, 7, 17, 19, 4]
Output:
[4, 10]
Input: [23, 17, 201, 14, 10473, 43225, 421, 423, 11, 10, 2022, 342157]
Output:
[6, 7]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-76.php)

77. GPA to Letter Grade Conversion

Write a Python program to convert GPAs to letter grades according to the
following table:

GPAs Grades

4.0: A+

3.7: A

3.4: A-

3.0: B+

2.7: B

2.4: B-

2.0: C+

1.7: C

1.4: C-

below: F

Input:
[4.0, 3.5, 3.8]
Output:

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Output:
['A+', 'A-', 'A']
Input:
[5.0, 4.7, 3.4, 3.0, 2.7, 2.4, 2.0, 1.7, 1.4, 0.0]
Output:
['A+', 'A+', 'A-', 'B+', 'B', 'B-', 'C+', 'C', 'C-', 'F']
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-77.php)

78. Closest Distinct Pair in List

Write a Python program to find the two closest distinct numbers in a given
list of numbers.
Input:
[1.3, 5.24, 0.89, 21.0, 5.27, 1.3]
Output:
[5.24, 5.27]
Input:
[12.02, 20.3, 15.0, 19.0, 11.0, 14.99, 17.0, 17.0, 14.4, 16.8]
Output:
[14.99, 15.0]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-78.php)

79. Largest Negative and Smallest Positive Numbers

Write a Python program to find the largest negative and smallest positive
numbers (or 0 if none).
Input:
[-12, -6, 300, -40, 2, 2, 3, 57, -50, -22, 12, 40, 9, 11, 18]
Output:
[-6, 2]
Input:
[-1, -2, -3, -4]
Output:
[-1, 0]
Input:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
Output:
[0, 1]
Input:
[]
Output:
[0, 0]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-79.php)

80. Running Total of Integer Squares

Write a Python program to round each float in a given list of numbers up to

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Write a Python program to round each float in a given list of numbers up to

the next integer and return the running total of the integer squares.
Input: [2.6, 3.5, 6.7, 2.3, 5.6]
Output:
[9, 25, 74, 83, 119]
Input: [301.1, 401.4, -23.1, 13554122.0, 10201.0101, 10000000.0]
Output:
[91204, 252808, 253337, 183714223444221, 183714327525025,
283714327525025]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-80.php)

81. Average in Binary of a Range

Write a Python program to calculate the average of the numbers a through
b (b not included) rounded to the nearest integer, in binary (or -1 if there
are no such numbers).
Input:
4,7
Output:
0b101
Input:
11 , 19
Output:
0b1110
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-81.php)

82. Increasing Odd-Digit Sublist

Write a Python program to find the sublist of numbers from a given list
of numbers with only odd digits in increasing order.
Input:
[1, 3, 79, 10, 4, 2, 39]
Output:
[1, 3, 39, 79]
Input:
[11, 31, 40, 68, 77, 93, 48, 1, 57]
Output:
[1, 11, 31, 57, 77, 93]
Input:
[9, -2, 3, 4, -2, 0, 2, -3, 8, -1]
Output:
[-3, -1, 3, 9]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-82.php)

83. Indices for Unhappy String

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83. Indices for Unhappy String

A string is happy if every three consecutive characters are distinct. Write a
Python program to find two indices associated with a given string being
unhappy.
Input:
Python
Output:
None
Input:
Unhappy
Output:
[4, 5]
Input:
Find
Output:
None
Input:
Street
Output:
[3, 4]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-83.php)

84. Matching Parentheses Indices

Write a Python program to find the index of the matching parentheses for
each character in a given string.
Input: ()(())
Output:
[1, 0, 5, 4, 3, 2]
Input: ()()()
Output:
[1, 0, 3, 2, 5, 4]
Input: ((()))
Output:
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-84.php)

85. Increasing Sequence from List

Write a Python program to find an increasing sequence consisting of the
elements of the original list.
Input:
[1, 3, 79, 10, 4, 2, 39]
Output:

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[1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 39, 79]

Input:
[11, 31, 40, 68, 77, 93, 48, 1, 57]
Output:
[1, 11, 31, 40, 48, 57, 68, 77, 93]
Input:
[9, -2, 3, 4, -2, 0, 2, -3, 8, -1]
Output:
[-3, -2, -1, 0, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-85.php)

86. Extract Vowels with Y as Vowel

Write a Python program to find the vowels from each of the original texts (y
counts as a vowel at the end of the word) from a given list of strings.
Input: ['w3resource', 'Python', 'Java', 'C++']
Output:
['eoue', 'o', 'aa', '']
Input: ['ably', 'abruptly', 'abecedary', 'apparently', 'acknowledgedly']
Output:
['ay', 'auy', 'aeeay', 'aaey', 'aoeey']
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-86.php)

87. Valid Substring with Nested Brackets

Write a Python program to find a valid substring of a given string that
contains matching brackets, at least one of which is nested.
Input:
]][][[]]]
Output:
[[]]
Input:
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]][][][][]]]]]]]]]]][[[][[][[[[[][][][]][[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[
Output:
[[][][][]]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-87.php)

88. Integer with Specified Even and Odd Digits

Write a Python program to find an integer (n >= 0) with the given number of
even and odd digits.
Input:
Number of even digits: 2 ,Number of odd digits: 3
Output:
22333

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Input:
Number of even digits: 4 ,Number of odd digits: 7
Output:
22223333333
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-88.php)

89. Integers as Product of Three Primes

Write a Python program to find all integers <= 1000 that are the product of
exactly three primes. Each integer should be represented as a list of its
three prime factors.
Input: 10
Output:
[[2, 2, 2]]
Input: 50
Output:
[[2, 2, 2], [2, 2, 3], [2, 2, 5], [2, 2, 7], [2, 2, 11], [2, 3, 2], [2, 3, 3], [2, 3, 5], [2,
3, 7], [2, 5, 2], [2, 5, 3], [2, 5, 5], [2, 7, 2], [2, 7, 3], [2, 11, 2], [3, 2, 2], [3, 2,
3], [3, 2, 5], [3, 2, 7], [3, 3, 2], [3, 3, 3], [3, 3, 5], [3, 5, 2], [3, 5, 3], [3, 7, 2],
[5, 2, 2], [5, 2, 3], [5, 2, 5], [5, 3, 2], [5, 3, 3], [5, 5, 2], [7, 2, 2], [7, 2, 3], [7,
3, 2], [11, 2, 2]]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-89.php)

90. Appetite and Stock Calculation

For each triple of eaten, need, and stock, write a Python program to get
a pair of total appetite and remaining.
Input:
[[2, 5, 6], [3, 9, 22]]
Output:
[[7, 1], [12, 13]]
Input:
[[2, 3, 18], [4, 9, 2], [2, 5, 7], [3, 8, 12], [4, 9, 106]]
Output:
[[5, 15], [6, 0], [7, 2], [11, 4], [13, 97]]
Input:
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
Output:
[[3, 1], [9, 1]]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-90.php)

91. Find n-Digit Integers Starting or Ending with 2

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Write a Python program to find all n-digit integers that start or end with 2.
Input: 1
Output:
[2]
Input: 2
Output:
[12, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, 92]
Input: 3
Output:
[102, 112, 122, 132, 142, 152, 162, 172, 182, 192, 200, 201, 202, 203,
204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218,
219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233,
234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248,
249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263,
264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278,
279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293,
294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 302, 312, 322, 332, 342, 352, 362, 372, 382,
392, 402, 412, 422, 432, 442, 452, 462, 472, 482, 492, 502, 512, 522, 532,
542, 552, 562, 572, 582, 592, 602, 612, 622, 632, 642, 652, 662, 672, 682,
692, 702, 712, 722, 732, 742, 752, 762, 772, 782, 792, 802, 812, 822, 832,
842, 852, 862, 872, 882, 892, 902, 912, 922, 932, 942, 952, 962, 972, 982,
992]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-91.php)

92. Sort Keeping Every Other Element Fixed

Write a Python program to start with a list of integers, keep every other
element in place and otherwise sort the list.
Input:
[2, 5, 6, 3, 1, 4, 34]
Output:
[1, 5, 2, 3, 6, 4, 34]
Input:
[8, 0, 7, 2, 9, 4, 1, 2, 8, 3]

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[8, 0, 7, 2, 9, 4, 1, 2, 8, 3]
Output:
[1, 0, 7, 2, 8, 4, 8, 2, 9, 3]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-92.php)

93. Closest Palindrome to String

Write a Python program to find the closest palindrome to a given string.
Input:
cat
Output:
cac
Input:
madan
Output:
madam
Input:
radivider
Output:
radividar
Input:
madan
Output:
madam
Input:
abc
Output:
aba
Input:
racecbr
Output:
racecar
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-93.php)

94. Split Matched Parentheses Groups

Given a string consisting of whitespace and groups of matched
parentheses, write a Python program to split it into groups of perfectly
matched parentheses without any whitespace.
Input:
( ()) ((()()())) (()) ()
Output:
['(())', '((()()()))', '(())', '()']
Input:
() (( ( )() ( )) ) ( ())

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() (( ( )() ( )) ) ( ())
Output:
['()', '((()()()))', '(())']
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-94.php)

95. Generate Palindrome of Specific Length

Write a Python program to generate a palindrome of a given length from a
string.
Input: madam , 7
Output:
madaadam
Input: madam , 6
Output:
maddam
Input: madam , 5
Output:
maaaam
Input: madam , 3
Output:
maam
Input: madam , 2
Output:
mm
Input: madam , 1
Output:
aa
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-95.php)

96. Single Digits to English Words in Reverse Order

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96. Single Digits to English Words in Reverse Order

Write a Python program to get the single digits in numbers sorted
backwards and converted into English words.
Input:
[1, 3, 4, 5, 11]
Output:
['five', 'four', 'three', 'one']
Input:
[27, 3, 8, 5, 1, 31]
Output:
['eight', 'five', 'three', 'one']
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-96.php)

97. Strange Sort: Alternating Min-Max

Write a Python program to find the following strange sort of list of numbers:
the first element is the smallest, the second is the largest of the remaining,
the third is the smallest of the remaining, the fourth is the smallest of the
remaining, etc.
Input:
[1, 3, 4, 5, 11]
Output:
[1, 11, 3, 5, 4]
Input:
[27, 3, 8, 5, 1, 31]
Output:
[1, 31, 3, 27, 5, 8]
Input:
[1, 2, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Output:
[1, 7, 2, 6, 3, 5, 4]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-97.php)

98. Depth of Matched Parentheses Groups

Given a string consisting of groups of matched nested parentheses
separated by parentheses, write a Python program to compute the depth of
each group.
Input: (()) (()) () ((()()()))
Output:
[2, 2, 1, 3]
Input: () (()) () () () ()
Output:
[1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1]

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Input: (((((((()))))))) () (()) ((()()()))

Output:
[8, 1, 2, 3]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-98.php)

99. Replace Spaces with Underscore and Hyphen

Write a Python program to find a string such that, when three or more
spaces are compacted to a '-' and one or two spaces are replaced by
underscores, leads to the target.
Input: Python-Exercises
Output:
Python Exercises
Input: Python_Exercises
Output:
Python Exercises
Input: -Hello,_world!__This_is-so-easy!-
Output:
Hello, world! This is so easy!
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-puzzles-99.php)

100. Four Even Integers Summing to n

Write a Python program to find four positive even integers whose sum is a
given integer.
Input:
n = 100
Output:
[94, 2, 2, 2]
Input:
n = 1000
Output:
[994, 2, 2, 2]
Input:
n = 10000
Output:
[9994, 2, 2, 2]
Input:
n = 1234567890
Output:
[1234567884, 2, 2, 2]
Click me to see the sample solution (python-programming-
puzzles-100.php)

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