QUESTION BANK FOR NETWORK AND TRANSPORT LAYER

Textbook: Data Communications and Networking 5th Edition Tata McGraw Hill Publications

1. Analyze the process of establishing a virtual circuit on a packet-switched network. Explain the
key steps involved, including connection establishment and data transfer.

2. Describe the Classful Addressing scheme used in IPv4. Explain the different address classes
(A, B, C, D, and E) and their corresponding network and host address ranges. Analyze the
limitations of Classful Addressing that led to the development of Classless Inter-Domain Routing
(CIDR).

3. Design a subnetting scheme for an organization that has been assigned the IP address block
14.24.74.0/24. The organization requires three subnets with specific address ranges: one subnet
with 10 addresses, one with 60 addresses, and one with 120 addresses.

4. Illustrate the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) process using a diagram. Explain
the steps involved in a DHCP client obtaining an IP address, including the roles of the DHCP
server and the DHCP client. Analyze the benefits of using DHCP for IP address assignment in a
network.

5. Analyze the limitations of the Bellman-Ford routing algorithm, particularly in terms of routing
loop formation. Evaluate the techniques used to address these limitations.

6. Describe Network Address Translation (NAT) and its role in addressing IP address scarcity.
Explain the different types of NAT (static, dynamic, and port address translation) and analyze
their advantages and disadvantages. Illustrate how NAT works by providing a practical example.

7. Analyze a scenario where the number of hosts in an organization exceeds the number of IP
addresses allocated to the organization. Explain how Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) can be used to efficiently manage IP addresses and evaluate the techniques, such as IP
address pooling and subnetting, that can be employed to optimize IP address utilization.

8. An ISP is granted the block 16.12.64.0/20. The ISP needs to allocate addresses for 8
organizations, each with 256 addresses.
a. Find the number and range of addresses in the ISP block.
b. Find the range of addresses for each organization and the range of unallocated addresses.
c. Show the outline of the address distribution and the forwarding table.

9. An ISP is granted the block 80.70.56.0/21. The ISP needs to allocate addresses for two
organizations each with 500 addresses, two organizations each with 250 addresses, and three
organizations each with 50 addresses.
a. Find the number and range of addresses in the ISP block.
b. Find the range of addresses for each organization and the range of unallocated addresses.
c. Show the outline of the address distribution and the forwarding table.

10. An organization is granted the block 130.56.0.0/16. The administrator wants to create 1024
subnets.
a. Find the number of addresses in each subnet.
b. Find the subnet prefix and mention the subnet mask.
c. Find the first and the last address in the first subnet.
d. Find the first and the last address in the last subnet.

11. Find the class of the following classful IP addresses:

a. 01110111 11110011 10000111 11011101

12. Find the class of the following classful IP addresses:

a. 130.34.54.12 b. 200.34.2.1 c. 245.34.2.8 d. 192.168.15.2 e. 10.10.1.2

13. Illustrate the layout of a simple transport layer protocol using a diagram. Design a finite state
machine (FSM) to model the protocol's behavior. Analyze the flow diagram of the protocol.

14 Illustrate the layout of the Stop-and-Wait protocol, a simple transport layer protocol. Design a
finite state machine (FSM) to model the protocol's behavior, explaining the different states and
transitions. Analyze the flow diagram of the protocol.
15. Illustrate the layout of the Go-Back-N protocol, a sliding window protocol. Analyze a sample
flow diagram of the protocol.

16. Analyze the Send window size for Go-Back-N with a neat flow diagram. Explain what happens
if send window size is <2m or when send window size is 2m

17. Analyze the Send window size for Selective Repeat Protocol with a neat flow diagram.
Explain what happens if send window size is >2m-1 or when send window size is 2m-1

18. Illustrate the layout of Selective Repeat Protocol, a sliding window protocol. Analyze a
sample flow diagram of the protocol.

19. Illustrate the structure of a TCP segment header using a diagram. Explain the significance of
each field within the header, including source and destination ports, sequence number,
acknowledgment number, flags, and window size. Analyze how these fields contribute to the
reliable and efficient transmission of data over a TCP connection.

20. Analyze the three-way handshake process used in TCP to establish a reliable connection
between two hosts. Explain the significance of each step in the handshake, including the exchange
of SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK packets. Evaluate the role of the three-way handshake in ensuring
reliable data transmission and preventing unauthorized access.

21. An ISP is granted a block of addresses starting with 190.100.0.0/16 (65,536 addresses). The
ISP needs to distribute these addresses to three groups of customers as follows:
a. The first group has 64 customers; each need 256 addresses.
b. The second group has 128 customers; each need 128 addresses.
c. The third group has 128 customers; each need 64 addresses.
Design the subblocks and find out how many addresses are still available after these allocations.