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XII Sci. Maths Important Theorems With Proof (C)

Some of the important theorems in Mathematics for class 12 of Maharashtra State Board

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
307 views15 pages

XII Sci. Maths Important Theorems With Proof (C)

Some of the important theorems in Mathematics for class 12 of Maharashtra State Board

Uploaded by

ozesahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A.T.T. High School & Jr.

College, Malegaon
Mathematics – Important Theorems

Mathematics
XII Science
Suggestive
Important Theorems
Note:
• These are only the suggestive Important Theorems based
on the Previous Board Exams.
• The students are advised to practice the following
theorems and their proofs for the board exam.
• The Red Marked (*) theorems are the most important
Oz_Ah
and have the highest probability of being asked in the
Exam.
• Students are also
(The advised to refer the proofs from the
Benchmark)
textbook. (The textbook page numbers are mentioned
with every proof.)
• Kindly consult your Mathematics Teacher for further
guidance and support.

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 1
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

INDEX
Ch. Theorem Textbook
Chapter Title Theorem Title
No. No. Page No.
1 Logic -- -- --
2 Matrices -- -- --
Trigonometric 3.2.4 Sine Rule 77
3
Functions 3.3.5 Cosine Rule (Any of the forms) 79
(*) Homogenous equation of degree two in x and y,
3 a𝑥 2 +2hxy + b𝑦 2 = 0 represents a pair of lines 114-15
Pair of Straight
4 passing through the origin if h2 – ab  0
Lines
(*) The acute angle 𝜃 between the lines
4.4 120-121
represented by a𝑥 2 +2hxy + b𝑦 2 = 0
Two non-zero vectors a and b are collinear if and
1 137-138
only if ma + n b = 0 .
5 (*) Section Formula (Internal Div) 152

5 Vectors 6 Section Formula (External Div) 153

9 (*) volume of parallelepiped 180

10 volume of a tetrahedron 180-81

6 Lines & Planes -- -- --


Linear
7 -- -- --
Programming
1.1.2 (*) Composite (Chain) Rule 2-3
1 Differentiation 1.2.3 Derivative of Inverse Function 14
1.4.2 (*) Parametric Rule 41
Applica. of
2 -- -- --
Derivatives

3
Indefinite
Integration
3.3.1 Oz_Ah
Proof of Standard Formulae using substitution
(*) Integration by Parts
Proof of Standard Formulae using by parts
111-113
128
132-133
Definite (The Benchmark)
(*) Properties of Definite Integration
4 159-161
Integration Mainly Prop. No. V, VI, VII, VIII
Appli. of Def.
5 -- -- --
Integration
6 Diff. Equations -- -- --
7 Prob. Dist. -- -- --
8 Binomial Dist. -- -- --

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 2
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

PART_I Chapter-03 TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

Theorem No. 3.2.4 SINE RULE M-1st TB P.No. 77

𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
The Sine Rule : In ∆ABC, = = = 𝟐𝑹 where R is the circumradius of ∆ABC
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪
Proof:
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Part-1: To prove that = = Part-2: To prove each ratio in Eqtn (1) is
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
equal to 2R
We know that atleast one angle of a
triangle is not 900 .
Draw diameter through A. Let it meet
circle in P.

Draw AD ⊥ BC.
As AD is the height and BC is the base,
1
∴ 𝐴 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = × 𝐵𝐶 × 𝐴𝐷
2
1 AP = 2R and ∆ ACP is a right angled
∴ 𝐴 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = × 𝑎 × 𝑏 sin 𝐶
2 triangle.
∴ 2𝐴 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶 Also ∠ ABC = ∠ APC (Same Arc Angles)
Similarly we can write, 𝑏
2𝐴 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎𝑐 sin 𝐵 and ∴ sin 𝐵 = sin 𝑃 =
2𝑅
2𝐴 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 𝑏𝑐 sin 𝐴 𝑏
Thus sin 𝐵 =
2𝑅
Thus, 𝑏
𝑏𝑐 sin 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑐 sin 𝐵 = 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶 which means = 2𝑅 --- (2)
sin 𝐵
Thus from Eqtns (1) and (2),
Divide throughout by 𝑎𝑏𝑐,
sin 𝐴
𝑎
=
sin 𝐵
𝑏
=
sin 𝐶
𝑐
--- (1) Oz_Ah 𝒂
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨
=
𝒃
=
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩
𝒄
= 𝟐𝑹 Proved.
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪

(The Benchmark)

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 3
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

Chapter-03 TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

Theorem No. 3.3.5 COSINE RULE M-1st TB P.No. 79

The Cosine Rule : In ∆ABC, (i) 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝐴


(ii) 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑐𝑎 cos 𝐵
(iii) 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐶
Proof:
Draw ∆ABC as shown in the following figure considering vertex A as origin.
Claim: (i) 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝐴
L.H.S.
= 𝑎2 = 𝐵𝐶 2
= 𝑐 − 𝑏 cos 𝐴 2 + 0 − 𝑏 sin 𝐴 2
= 𝑐 2 − 2𝑐𝑏 cos 𝐴 + 𝑏 2 cos2 𝐴 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝐴
= 𝑐 2 − 2𝑐𝑏 cos 𝐴 + 𝑏 2 cos 2 𝐴 + sin2 𝐴
= 𝑐 2 − 2𝑐𝑏 cos 𝐴 + 𝑏 2 1
= 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝐴
= R.H.S.
Similarly we can prove the other two relations.

OR (Second Method)

Proof:
Let ∆ABC as shown in the figure with it’s sides as vectors
𝐶𝐵 = 𝑎, ത 𝐵𝐴 = 𝑐,ҧ 𝐴𝐶 = 𝑏.ത
considering vertex A as origin.
Claim: (ii) 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑐𝑎 cos 𝐵
By Traingle law of vector addition,
𝑎ത + 𝑏ത = 𝑐ҧ
∴ 𝑏ത = 𝑐ҧ − 𝑎ത
∴ 𝑏ത ∙ 𝑏ത = 𝑏ത ∙ 𝑐ҧ − 𝑎ത
∴ 𝑏 2 = 𝑐ҧ − 𝑎ത ∙ 𝑐ҧ − 𝑎ത
Oz_Ah
∴ 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 𝑐ҧ ∙ 𝑎ത (The Benchmark)
∴ 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑐𝑎 cos 𝐵 (Using dot prod. Definition)
Similarly we can prove the other two relations.

Note:
You can use any one of the above two methods (which you find easier) to prove the
cosine rule.

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 4
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

Chapter-04 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

Theorem No. 3 Hom. Eqtn in Degree 2 M-1st TB P.No. 114

Theorem No.3: Homogenous equation of degree two in x and y, a𝑥 2 +2hxy + b𝑦 2 = 0


represents a pair of lines passing through the origin if h2 – ab  0

Proof: Let a𝑥 2 +2hxy + b𝑦 2 = 0 … (1)


We have two cases.
Case-1: 𝑏 = 0 - So equation (1) becomes,
a𝑥 2 +2hxy= 0
∴ 𝑥 𝑎𝑥 + 2ℎ𝑦 = 0
which is combined equation of two lines 𝑥 = 0 & 𝑎𝑥 + 2ℎ𝑦 = 0 passing through origin.
Case-2: 𝑏 ≠ 0 - Multily equation (1) by b,
𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏 2 𝑦 2 = 0
∴ 2ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏 2 𝑦 2 = −𝑎𝑏𝑥 2
∴ 𝑏 2 𝑦 2 + 2ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑥𝑦 + ℎ2 𝑥 2 = ℎ2 𝑥 2 − 𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 (Adding ℎ2 𝑥 2 on both sides)
2
∴ 𝑏𝑦 + ℎ𝑥 = ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 2
2
∴ 𝑏𝑦 + ℎ𝑥 − ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 2 = 0

∴ 𝑏𝑦 + ℎ𝑥 + 𝑥 ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑏𝑦 + ℎ𝑥 − 𝑥 ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏 = 0

∴ ℎ + ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 × Oz_Ah
ℎ − ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 0

Which is the combined equations of two lines passing through origin.


(The Benchmark)
Thus proved.

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 5
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

Chapter-04 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES

Theorem No. 4.4 ACUTE ANGLE between pair of lines M-1st TB P.No. 120

The Acute Angle between pair of lines: The acute angle 𝜃 between the lines
2 ℎ2 −𝑎𝑏
represented by 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 is given by tan 𝜃 =
𝑎+𝑏
Proof: Let 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 be slopes of lines represented by the equation by 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0.
2ℎ 𝑎
∴ 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 = − 𝑏 and 𝑚1 𝑚2 = 𝑏
Consider 𝑚1 − 𝑚2 2 = 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 2 − 4𝑚1 𝑚2
2 2ℎ 2 𝑎
∴ 𝑚1 − 𝑚2 = − −4𝑏
𝑏
2 4 ℎ2 −𝑎𝑏
∴ 𝑚1 − 𝑚2 = 𝑏2
2 2
ℎ −𝑎𝑏
∴ 𝑚1 − 𝑚2 = 𝑏
Now the angle between two lines having slopes 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 is given by,
𝑚1 − 𝑚2
tan 𝜃 =
1 + 𝑚1 𝑚2
2 ℎ2 −𝑎𝑏 2 ℎ2 −𝑎𝑏
𝑏 𝑏
∴ tan 𝜃 = 𝑎 = 𝑏+𝑎
1+
𝑏 𝑏

𝟐 𝒉𝟐 −𝒂𝒃
∴ 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝜽 = provided a+b≠0
𝒂+𝒃

Chapter-05 VECTORS
M-1st TB P.No. 137-
Theorem No. 1 COLLINEAR Vectors
138
The Condition for Collinear Vectors: Two non-zero vectors 𝑎ത and 𝑏ത are collinear if and only
if there exist scalars m and n, at least one of them is non-zero such that m𝑎ത + 𝑛𝑏ത = 0ത
Proof: Part-I (Only-if Part)

Thus 𝑎ത − 𝑡𝑏ത = 0ത
Oz_Ah
Suppose 𝑎ത and 𝑏ത are collinear. ∴ There exists a scalar t ≠ 0 such that 𝑎ത = 𝑡𝑏ത

Which is in the form m𝑎ത + 𝑛𝑏ത = 0ത where m=1 and n=-1. Thus proved.
Part-II (Converse Part) (The Benchmark)
Suppose m𝑎ത + 𝑛𝑏ത = 0ത where 𝑚 ≠ 0
∴ m𝑎ത = −𝑛𝑏ത
𝑛
∴ 𝑎ത = − 𝑏ത
𝑚
𝑛
i.e. 𝑎ത = 𝑡𝑏ത where 𝑡 = − is a scalar.
𝑚

i.e. 𝑎ത is a scalar multiple of 𝑏.
∴ 𝑎ത and 𝑏ത are collinear. Thus proved.

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 6
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

Chapter-05 VECTORS
M-1st TB P.No.
Theorem No. 5 SECTION FORMULA (Internal Division)
152
ത be any two points in the space and R(𝑟)ҧ be a point on the
Section formula : Let A 𝑎ത and B(𝑏)
ത 𝑎ത
m𝑏+𝑛
line segment AB dividing it internally in the ratio m : n. Then 𝑟ҧ =
𝑚+𝑛
Proof: As R is a point on the line segment AB (A-R-B) and 𝐴𝑅 and 𝑅𝐵 are in same direction.
𝐴𝑅 𝑚
= , so 𝑛 ∙ 𝐴𝑅 = 𝑚 ∙ 𝑅𝐵
𝑅𝐵 𝑛
As m(𝑅𝐵) and n(𝐴𝑅) have same direction and magnitude.
∴ m 𝑅𝐵 = n(𝐴𝑅)
∴ m 𝑂𝐵 − 𝑂𝑅 = n(𝑂𝑅 − 𝑂𝐴)
∴ m 𝑏ത − 𝑟ҧ = n(𝑟ҧ − 𝑎) ത
∴ 𝑚 ∙ 𝑏ത − 𝑚 ∙ 𝑟ҧ = 𝑛 ∙ 𝑟ҧ − 𝑛 ∙ 𝑎ത
∴ 𝑚 ∙ 𝑏ത + 𝑛 ∙ 𝑎ത = 𝑚 ∙ 𝑟ҧ + 𝑛 ∙ 𝑟ҧ = 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑟ҧ
ഥ 𝒂
𝐦𝒃+𝒏ഥ
∴ 𝒓ത = Thus proved.
𝒎+𝒏

Chapter-05 VECTORS
M-1st TB P.No. 137-
Theorem No. 6 SECTION FORMULA (External Division)
138
ത be any two points in the space and R(𝑟)ҧ be a point on the
Section formula : Let A 𝑎ത and B(𝑏)
ത 𝑏ത
m𝑎−𝑛
line segment AB dividing it externally in the ratio m : n. Then 𝑟ҧ =
𝑚−𝑛
Proof: As the point R divides line segment AB externally, we have either A-B-R or R-A-B.
Assume that A-B-R
𝐴𝑅 𝑚
= , so 𝑛 ∙ 𝐴𝑅 = 𝑚 ∙ 𝑅𝐵
𝐵𝑅 𝑛
As m(𝐵𝑅) and n(𝐴𝑅) have same direction and magnitude.
∴ m 𝐵𝑅 = n(𝐴𝑅)
∴ m 𝑂𝑅 − 𝑂𝐵 = n(𝑂𝑅 − 𝑂𝐴)
∴ m 𝑟ҧ − 𝑏ത = n(𝑟ҧ − 𝑎)


Oz_Ah
∴ 𝑚 ∙ 𝑟ҧ − 𝑚 ∙ 𝑏 = 𝑛 ∙ 𝑟ҧ − 𝑛 ∙ 𝑎ത
∴ 𝑚 ∙ 𝑟ҧ − 𝑛 ∙ 𝑟ҧ = 𝑚 ∙ 𝑏ത − 𝑛 ∙ 𝑎ത
(The Benchmark)
∴ 𝑚 − 𝑛 𝑟ҧ = 𝑚 ∙ 𝑏ത − 𝑛 ∙ 𝑎ത

𝒎∙𝒃−𝒏∙ഥ
𝒂
∴ 𝒓ത = Thus proved.
𝒎−𝒏

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 7
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

Chapter-05 VECTORS
M-1st TB P.No.
Theorem No. 9 Volume of PARALLELOPIPED 180
Volume of PARALLELOPIPED: The volume of parallelopiped with coterminus edges as 𝑎ത , 𝑏ത
and 𝑐ҧ is 𝑎ത ∙ 𝑏ത × 𝑐ҧ or 𝑎ത 𝑏ത 𝑐ҧ
Proof: Let 𝑎ത , 𝑏ത and 𝑐ҧ be the position vectors of points A, B and C
respectively with respect to origin O.
AP is a perpendicular drawn to the plane of 𝑏ത and 𝑐ҧ . Let θ be the
angle made by AP with OA.
Volume=Area of Base Parallelogram × Height …(1)
Consider Area of Base Parallelogram = 𝑏ത × 𝑐ҧ
And Height of Parallelopiped = l(AP) = 𝑂𝐴 cos 𝜃 = 𝑎ത cos 𝜃
So above equation (1) becomes,
∴Volume= 𝑏ത × 𝑐ҧ 𝑎ത cos 𝜃 = 𝑎ത 𝑏ത × 𝑐ҧ cos 𝜃 = 𝑎ത ∙ 𝑏ത × 𝑐ҧ
Hence Volume of Parallelopiped = 𝑎ത 𝑏ത 𝑐ҧ Thus proved.

Chapter-05 VECTORS
M-1st TB P.No. 180-
Theorem No. 10 Volume of TETRAHEDRON
181
Volume of Tetrahedron: The volume of a tetrahedron with coterminus edges 𝑎ത , 𝑏ത and 𝑐ҧ is
1
𝑎ത 𝑏ത 𝑐ҧ
6

Proof: Let 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎ത , 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑏ത and 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑐ҧ be coterminus edges of tetrahedron OABC.


Let AP be the height of tetrahedron.
𝟏
Volume of tetrahedron = Area of Base ∆𝑶𝑪𝑩 × Height …(1)
𝟑
1
Area of Base ∆OCB = bത × cത
2
Oz_Ah
And Height AP = Scalar Projection of aത on bത × cത =
So above equation (1) becomes,
ഥ c ∙തa
b×ത
ഥ c
b×ത

Volume of tetrahedron = ×
1 1 (The
bത × cത
ഥBenchmark)
b×ത
c ∙തa
3 2 ഥ c
b×ത
1 1
Volume of tetrahedron = bത × cത ∙ aത = aത bത cത
6 6
Hence Proved.

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 8
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

PART - II Chapter-01 DIFFERENTIATIONS

Theorem No. 1.1.2 COMPOSITE (CHAIN) Rule M-1st TB P.No. 2-3

Composite (Chain) Rule of Derivatives : If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑢) is a differentiable function of u and 𝑢 =


𝑔(𝑥) is a differentiable function of 𝑥 such that the composite function 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑔(𝑥) is a
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
differentiable function of 𝑥 then = ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

Proof: Let δx, δu, δy are small increments in x, u and y respectively such that δx ≠ 0, δu ≠ 0
and δy ≠ 0

dy δy
Since y is a differentiable function of u hence = lim …(1)
du δu → 0 δu
du δu
u = g(x) is a differentiable function of x hence = lim …(2)
dx δx → 0 δx
δy δy δu
Thus we have = ×
δx δu δx

Taking limit as δx → 0 on both the sides we get,

δy δy δu
lim = lim × lim
δx → 0 δx δx → 0 δu δx → 0 δx
Now δx → 0 implies δu → 0

δy δy δu
lim = lim × lim
δx → 0 δx δu → 0 δu δx → 0 δx
Thus from (1) and (2),

lim
δy
= ×
δx → 0 δx du dx
dy du
…(3)
Oz_Ah
(The Benchmark)
i.e. The R.H.S. exists and is finite, implies L.H.S.of also exists and is finite.

δy dy
∴ lim =
δx → 0 δx dx
Thus the above equation (3) becomes,

dy dy du
= ×
dx du dx

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 9
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

PART - II Chapter-01 DIFFERENTIATIONS

Theorem No. 1.2.3 INVERSE Rule M-1st TB P.No. 14-15

Derivative of an Inverse function: If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is a differentiable function of x and


𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 1
≠ 0 then 𝑓 −1 𝑦 is also differentiable and = 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥

Proof: Let δx, δy are small increments in x and y respectively such that δx ≠ 0 and δy ≠ 0

dy δy
Since 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is a differentiable function of x hence = lim …(1)
dx δx → 0 δx
δx δy
Consider × =1
δy δx

δx 1 δ𝑦
∴ = δy as ≠0
δy δ𝑥
δ𝑥

Taking limit as δx → 0 on both the sides we get,

δx 1
∴ lim =
δx → 0 δy δy
lim
δx → 0 δ𝑥
Now δx → 0 implies δy → 0

δx 1
∴ lim =
δy → 0 δy δy
lim
δx → 0 δ𝑥
Hence by definition of derivatives,
𝑑𝑥
=
1
Oz_Ah
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 (The Benchmark)
𝑑𝑥

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 10
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

PART - II Chapter-01 DIFFERENTIATIONS

Theorem No. 1.1.2 PARAMETRIC Rule M-1st TB P.No. 2-3

Parametric Rule of Derivatives : If 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑡) and 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑡) are differentiable functions of ‘t’
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
so that y is a differentiable function of 𝑥 and ≠ 0 then prove that = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡

Proof: Let δt, δx, δy are small increments in t, x and y respectively such that δt ≠ 0, δx ≠ 0
and δy ≠ 0

dy δy
Since y is a differentiable function of t hence = lim …(1)
dt δt → 0 δt
dx δx
Also x is a differentiable function of t hence = lim …(2)
dt δt→ 0 δt
𝛿𝑦
δy 𝛿𝑥
Consider, = 𝛿𝑡
𝛿𝑥 as ≠0
δx 𝛿𝑡
𝛿𝑡

Taking limit as δt → 0 on both the sides we get,


𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑦
δy lim
𝛿𝑡
lim = lim 𝛿𝑡 = δt → 0
δt → 0 δx δt → 0 𝛿𝑥 lim
𝛿𝑥
𝛿𝑡 δt → 0 𝛿𝑡
Now δt → 0 implies δx → 0

𝑑𝑦

Oz_Ah
δy
lim = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 from (1) and (2),
δx → 0 δx 𝑑𝑡

i.e. The R.H.S. exists and is finite, implies L.H.S.of also exists and is finite.

δy dy
(The Benchmark)
∴ lim =
δx → 0 δx dx
Thus the above equation (3) becomes,
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 11
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

PART - II Chapter-03 INDEFINITE Integrations

Theorem No. -- Proof of Standard Formulae M-1st TB P.No. 111-113

Prove the formula: Prove the formula:


𝟏 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 𝑥−𝑎
1) ‫׬‬ 𝒅𝒙 = tan−𝟏 +𝒄 2) ‫׬‬ 𝒅𝒙 = log +𝒄
𝒙𝟐 +𝒂𝟐 𝒂 𝒂 𝒙𝟐 −𝒂𝟐 𝑥+𝑎

Prove the formula:


4) ‫׬‬
𝟏
𝒅𝒙 = sin−𝟏
𝒙
+𝒄
Oz_Ah
𝒂𝟐 −𝒙 𝟐 𝒂
(The Benchmark)

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 12
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

PART - II Chapter-03 INDEFINITE Integrations

Theorem No. 3.3.1 Integration BY PARTS M-1st TB P.No. 128

Prove the formula:


If u and v are two differentiable functions of x then
𝒅𝒖
‫ 𝒙𝒅 𝒗׬ 𝒖 = 𝒙𝒅 𝒗 ∙ 𝒖׬‬− ‫׬‬ 𝒅𝒙
‫𝒙𝒅 𝒙𝒅 𝒗׬‬

Prove the formula:


𝒂𝟐

Oz_Ah
𝒙 𝒙
1) ‫ 𝟐𝒂 ׬‬− 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 + sin−𝟏 +𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝒂

(The Benchmark)

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 13
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

PART - II Chapter-04 DEFINITE Integrations

Theorem No. Properties of Def. Integration M-1st TB P.No. 128

V) Prove that: VI) Prove that:

Proof: Proof:

Oz_Ah
(The Benchmark)

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 14
XII Science
Mathematics – Important Theorems

PART - II Chapter-04 DEFINITE Integrations

Theorem No. Properties of Def. Integration M-1st TB P.No. 128

VII) Prove that:

Proof:

Oz_Ah
(The Benchmark)

ATT/XiSc/Oz-Ah_The_Benchmark 15

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