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Narratives of Travel and Tourism
 Current Developments in the
Geographies of Leisure and Tourism
Series Editors:

Jan Mosedale, University of Sunderland, UK and Caroline Scarles, University

of Surrey, UK in association with the Geographies of Leisure and Tourism
Research Group of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British
Geographers).

Tourism and leisure exist within an inherently dynamic, fluid and complex world
and are therefore inherently interdisciplinary. Recognising the role of tourism and
leisure in advancing debates within the social sciences, this book series, is open
to contributions from cognate social science disciplines that inform geographical
thought about tourism and leisure. Produced in association with the Geographies
of Leisure and Tourism Research Group of the Royal Geographical Society
(with the Institute of British Geographers), this series highlights and promotes
cutting-edge developments and research in this field. Contributions are of a high
international standard and provide theoretically-informed empirical content to
facilitate the development of new research agendas in the field of tourism and
leisure research. In general, the series seeks to promote academic contributions
that advance contemporary debates that challenge and stimulate further discussion
and research both within the fields of tourism and leisure and the wider realms of
the social sciences.
Narratives of Travel and Tourism

Edited by

Jacqueline Tivers
and

Tijana RakiĆ
First published 2012 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright © Jacqueline Tivers and Tijana Rakić and the contributors 2012

Jacqueline Tivers and Tijana Rakić have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Narratives of travel and tourism. – (Current developments in the geographies of leisure
and tourism)
1. Travelers’ writings – History and criticism. 2. Voyages and travels – History –
S ources. 3. Travel in literature. 4. Tourism in literature.
I. Series II. Tivers, Jacqueline. III. Rakić, Tijana.
910.4–dc23

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Narratives of travel and tourism / edited by Jacqueline Tivers and Tijana Rakić .
p. cm. – (Current developments in the geographies of leisure and tourism)
I ncludes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–1–4094–3974–5 (hardback : alk. paper)
(ebook)
1. Tourism – Philosophy. 2. Voyages and travels.
I. Tivers, Jacqueline. II. Rakić, Tijana.
G155.A1N36 2012
910.401–dc23

2011046427
ISBN 9781409439745 (hbk)
ISBN 9781315597355 (ebk)
The editors would like to dedicate this book to their families
This page has been left blank intentionally
 Contents

List of Figures   ix
List of Tables   xi
Notes on Contributors   xiii
Acknowledgments   xv

1 Introducing the Narratives of Travel and Tourism   1

Jacqueline Tivers and Tijana Rakić

PART I: Travellers and their Narratives

2 Travel Narratives of the Victorian Elite: The Case of the London

Season   9
Kathryn Wilkins

3 A Family of Travellers   23
Pamela Richardson

4 Narrating Travel and Tourism in Peace and Wartime, Home and

Abroad   35
Paul Cleave

5 ‘Keeping the Holiday Book’: Travel Stories of a Twentieth-

Century English Family   49
Jacqueline Tivers

6 Stories and (E)Motions: Travelling in Nicolas Bouvier’s

Narratives   65
Lénia Marques and Maria Sofia Pimentel Biscaia

7 Representations of Tourism in Twentieth-Century Opera   77

David Botterill

PART II: Place Narratives in Travel and Tourism

8 Narrative Cartography in the Eighteenth Century: Defoe’s

Exploration of Great Britain in the Tour   97
Emmanuelle Peraldo
viii Narratives of Travel and Tourism

9 Posting Over Seas: The Travelling Tales of Anthony Trollope   109

Angharad Saunders

10 Walking the Kumano Pilgrimage Roads (Japan) and Writing

Diaries: Narratives in Japanese Travel Culture   121
Sylvie Guichard-Anguis

11 Narratives and Counter-narratives: Contesting a Tourist Site in

Jerusalem   135
Chaim Noy

12 Narratives of National versus ‘Universal’ Belonging of the

Athenian Acropolis in Travel Guidebooks   151
Tijana Rakić

Index   167
 List of Figures

2.1 The Miseries of London by Thomas Rowlandson (Source:

reproduced with permission from City of London, London
Metropolitan Archives)   14

2.2 Louisa Smythe by James Holmes (Source: originally published

in Buckle 1958, reproduced with permission)   17

3.1 The Fox Family c. 1905 (Source: author’s archive)   24

4.1 Edward’s diary   37

5.1 Example of a ‘holiday book’ entry, illustrating the integration

of text and images (Source: author’s own photograph)   52

5.2 A ‘Pilgrim’s Way’ holiday book (Source: author’s own

photograph) 61

8.1 Map of the siege of Colchester (Source: Defoe 1724–26, Vol. 1:

68–9, reproduced with permission)   100

8.2 Sketch of a square well in St. Paul’s Church (Source: Defoe

1724–26, Vol. 3: 37, reproduced with permission)   100

8.3 Sketch of the ‘form’ of farms (Source: Defoe 1724–26, Vol. 1:

233, reproduced with permission)   101

10.1 Pilgrim roads in the Kii mountain range (Source: author’s own
map)   122

10.2 Teika’s diary (1201) (Source: author’s own photograph)   124

10.3 Nakahechi (Source: author’s own photograph)   127

10.4 Iseji (Source: author’s own photograph)   128

11.1 Ein Karem from the southwest (Source: author’s own

photograph)   137
x Narratives of Travel and Tourism

11.2 Mary’s Spring at Ein Karem (Source: author’s own

photograph)   144

Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge all the copyright holders,
but if any have been inadvertently overlooked then the publishers will be pleased
to make the necessary arrangement at the first opportunity.
 List of Tables

4.1 The four travel records    37

4.2 Emerging themes from the four travel records   40

7.1 Dominant narratives   81

7.2 Counter narratives   85

12.1 Descriptions of the Acropolis in guidebooks (1845–1997)   154

12.2 Guidebooks   156

This page has been left blank intentionally
 Notes on Contributors

David Botterill is a Freelance Academic and Higher Education Consultant, Visiting

Research Fellow at the Centre for Tourism at the University of Westminster and
Professor Emeritus in the Welsh Centre for Tourism Research, University of Wales
Institute Cardiff, UK. He has published extensively in the area of tourism and
leisure studies.

Paul Cleave is a Freelance Researcher and Lecturer with academic interests in food
and social history, tourism and hospitality education. He is currently investigating
the evolving relationships between food and tourism in the twentieth century.

Sylvie Guichard-Anguis is a Researcher at the French National Centre of

Scientific Research (CNRS) at the University Paris-Sorbonne whose academic
research as a geographer and japonologist focuses on cultural heritage, travel,
tourism and tea culture in Japan.

Lénia Marques is a Researcher at the CEMRI (Universidade Aberta), Lisbon,

Portugal. Her current research focuses on Comparative Literature (Travel Writing
and Arts) and on Cultural Tourism.

Chaim Noy is a Senior Lecturer at the Sapir College, Israel. His fields of interest
include performance studies, narrative, discourse and semiotics, mobility,
masculinity, and qualitative and experimental research methods.

Emmanuelle Peraldo is a Senior Lecturer in British eighteenth-century literature

at the Université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France. She is a member of the
CELEC (Centre d’Etudes sur les Littératures Etrangères et Comparées) and has
published a book titled Defoe et l’écriture de l’histoire.

Maria Sofia Pimentel Biscaia is a Researcher at the University of Aveiro,

Portugal. At present she is working on the project Terminological Dictionary of
Postcolonial Literary Terms in collaboration with the University of Roskilde.

Tijana Rakić is a Lecturer in Tourism and Events and Deputy Postgraduate

Tourism Programmes Leader at Edinburgh Napier University, UK. Her research
interests include visual research methodologies, ethnography, visual culture, world
heritage, tourism and national identity.
xiv Narratives of Travel and Tourism

Pamela Richardson is an Honorary Fellow of Exeter University, UK, where

she was awarded her doctorate in 2007. She has published one book and several
articles and her second book is scheduled for 2012.

Angharad Saunders is a Senior Lecturer in Human Geography at the University

of Glamorgan, UK. Her research interests focus on the historical geographies of
British literature in the period 1840–1940.

Jacqueline Tivers is an independent scholar, having retired from Nottingham

Trent University, where she was formerly a Senior Lecturer in Human Geography.
She was chair of the Geography of Leisure and Tourism Research Group of RGS-
IBG from 2005 to 2009 and has contributed to research on tourism, gender, sport
and cultural geography.

Kathryn Wilkins has recently completed her PhD in Geography at Durham

University, UK. Her contribution is based on her postgraduate research.
 Acknowledgments

The editors would like to thank the Royal Geographical Society with the Institute
of British Geographers (RGS-IBG) for hosting the Narrating the Stories of Travel
and Tourism conference session at the 2010 Annual Conference in London, which
formed the basis of the proposal for this book, as well as the Geography of Leisure
and Tourism Research Group (GLTRG) and the Historical Geography Research
Group (HGRG) for sponsoring that session. We would also like to thank all those
who have contributed in any way, both to the book itself and also to the conference
session.
This page has been left blank intentionally
 Chapter 1
Introducing the Narratives
of Travel and Tourism
Jacqueline Tivers and Tijana Rakić

Travel and tourism ‘stories’ have been told and recorded in almost every culture
and period of oral and written history and across the breadth of the fact/fiction
continuum; in fact, ‘storytelling is an essential part of human nature’ (McCabe
and Foster 2006: 194) and narration, in its many forms, may be seen to lie at
the very heart of both travel and tourism (Bendix 2002). Given the ‘frightening
vastness’ (Fabian 2001: 3) of travel and tourism narratives, it is understandable
that different scholars tend to approach this subject from different [inter]
disciplinary perspectives and focus on a number of different thematic areas. Many
researchers have studied ‘travel writing’, thus contributing to the development
of a considerable body of knowledge about this particular element of tourism
and travel narratives (for example, see Campbell 1988, Mills 1991, Holland and
Huggan 2000, Smith 2001, Lisle 2006, Pratt 2008). Other scholars have focused
on travel and tourism stories told during various stages of travel (for example,
Elsrud 2001, Bruner 2005, Tucker 2005, McCabe and Foster 2006, Noy 2004, Noy
2007), while others have studied narratives of places, cultures, and travel and/or
tourism contained in popular media such as guidebooks, online travel videos, and
even operas (for example, Beck 2006, Tussyadiah and Fesenmaier 2009, Botterill
this volume).
Existing research has indicated that narratives of travel and tourism are not
only an essential ingredient in the construction of personal, collective and place
identities but are also important in the process of contemplating, experiencing,
remembering and disseminating travel and tourism experiences, both factual
and fictional. Although written or spoken narratives tend to be the main focus
within many existing studies, it was interesting to note that a number of the papers
presented to the Narrating the Stories of Travel and Tourism conference session at
the RGS-IBG Annual Conference in 2010 (see Tivers and Rakić 2010), many of
which are included in an expanded form as chapters in this book, also mentioned
the importance while ‘away from home’ both of collecting memorabilia and of
image making (such as drawing, painting and photographing) in the recording,
remembering, writing, telling and/or disseminating of stories about travel and
tourism experiences.
However, the aim of this introductory chapter, and of the volume as a whole,
is not to offer a comprehensive overview of existing, historical and contemporary,
2 Narratives of Travel and Tourism

academic research about narratives of travel and tourism but, rather, to build on
this research by contributing to scholarly discussions surrounding the narratives of
travel and tourism (see, for example, Robertson et al. 1994; Meethan et al. 2006)
by presenting papers that both include and move beyond the fascinating theme of
travel writing, as well as addressing the subject through various relevant ‘lenses’
and in relation to different contexts. While the book is divided into two sections,
inevitably there are some overlaps between the contents of chapters in these
sections. In Part I, the principal focus is on travellers/tourists and their narratives,
covering a range of different places, while the chapters in Part II focus on specific
places and discuss how these have been presented through narratives of travel and
tourism. Within each of the two parts the chapters are ordered, so far as this is
possible, both thematically and chronologically. This being the case, the book may
be read both cover-to-cover and also selectively, depending on the preferences and
interests of its readers.
Part I begins with the chapter by Kathryn Wilkins. This introduces us, through
a consideration of unpublished narrative accounts, to the ‘London Season’, the
phenomenon that reached its height in the English Victorian period, comprising a
series of events designed to enable social mixing and an opportunity for members
of the British ‘elite’ to secure advantageous marriage alliances. She demonstrates
how travel formed an integral and necessary part of the Season, both in terms of
travel to and from the capital and in terms of the large amounts of daily travel, of
a performative as well as of a functional nature, which took place within central
London. The chapter provides a detailed reading of the diary kept by a certain
Louisa Smythe, as well as reference to other diary accounts, emphasis being
placed on Louisa’s courtship and marriage settlement and the journeys made, by
her and others, which contributed so importantly to her future life and status.
The next three chapters take as their starting point a number of unpublished
holiday diaries, written by travellers from the late Victorian period to the second
half of the twentieth century. In Chapter 3, Pamela Richardson presents the travel
journals of the Fox family, which span the period 1895 to 1945, suggesting that
such narratives add a different, more domestic dimension to the genre of travel
writing. She tells us that the Foxes were a wealthy Quaker family, passionate
travellers who recorded their journeys and experiences in fascinating detail,
reflecting on the places visited, the people met and the modes of transport used.
Richardson analyses the rich narrative contained in these journals, providing
evidence for the motivations that lay behind the journeys made and for the use
of varied transport technologies in different times and places. She also considers
the ways in which pictorial images and memorabilia were used in the journals to
supplement, or replace, written narrative.
In the following chapter Paul Cleave presents findings from a study of four
contrasting personal travel records, written between 1936 and 1943. Like the
narratives analysed by Richardson, these are unpublished journals of English
origin, but not in this case written by members of the same family. They cover a
broad spectrum of travel and tourism experience, from a pre-Second World War
 Introducing the Narratives of Travel and Tourism 3

‘Grand Tour’ of Asia and North America to a wartime holiday visiting friends in
Devon, south-west England. Cleave demonstrates how the accounts reflect both
the existing social structures of the period and the world as seen and recorded by
the writers. He identifies five major themes from the diaries: travel routines; people
encountered; food and drink; world events; and place experience and activities.
Like Richardson, he notes the importance to the diarists of photographs and
souvenirs, used to evoke memories of places and relationships. Cleave concludes
that the analysis of personal narratives is invaluable in aiding the understanding of
a specific period in the history of tourism.
Chapter 5, by Jacqueline Tivers, is also based on an analysis of unpublished,
personal travel accounts, these being the 59 ‘holiday books’ of one man (the
author’s father), written over a period of 60 years from 1937 to 1996 as records of
‘ordinary English family’ holidays. Tivers first outlines the detailed content of the
books, their integration of words and images, the vital importance of the journeys
themselves as part of the holidays, the focus on historic places, the author’s need
always to take independent control of activities and arrangements, the relationships
within the travelling groups and the methodical approach taken to the recording of
experiences. She then goes on to consider the contexts within which the narratives
were written – the national, family and tourism contexts – and finally attempts to
uncover the motivations that lay behind the assiduous documentation of tourism
experiences by one man throughout his adult lifetime.
Moving away from analyses of unpublished narratives, Lenia Marques and
Maria Sofia Pimentel Biscaia reflect in Chapter 6 on the links between tourism and
travelling and the emotional framework that underlay the thoughts and impressions
of Nicolas Bouvier, a Swiss travel writer and photographer, whose works cover
the second half of the twentieth century. As a published travel writer, he based his
narratives on correspondence, notes, observations and pictures, his best known
works being The Way of the World and Nomad, which record his travels in 1953.
Marques and Biscaia analyse Bouvier’s work, not only as travel literature but
also as illustrative of the relationship between tourism and travel. They portray
Bouvier as, in essence, a ‘traveller’, but one who respected late twentieth century
developments in cultural niche tourism and motivated others to be travellers and
tourists through reading his narratives.
To conclude Part I of the book, David Botterill in his chapter opens up an
unusual theme, as he considers the representations of tourism within twentieth-
century opera. In the 38 operas selected for analysis, he identifies tropes that are
consistent with, and supportive of, dominant narratives found within the tourism
studies academy; those of exploration, wandering, opulence and spectacle.
However, he also finds within the operas considerable evidence of counter-
narratives, themes embodying transgression, inversion and vulnerability that
challenge the dominant view of tourism. Botterill suggests that tourism studies
should be at least as concerned as opera narratives with the emotional responses of
travellers and tourists and with the potential for deception and chaos to be found
within tourism.
4 Narratives of Travel and Tourism

The chapters in Part II of this book consider specific narratives of places

in travel and tourism. First, in Chapter 8, Emmanuelle Peraldo looks at Daniel
Defoe’s representation of Britain in his Tour thro’ the whole island of Great-
Britain (1724–26), which was presented in the form of 13 letters containing maps,
tables, drawings and lists as well as written narrative. Peraldo shows how Defoe
used his combined literary and geographical skills to rework space and produce
an imaginative narrative of the nation in the early eighteenth century. She also
indicates how his work exemplified the human and power relationships of the
time, being produced with the ulterior motive of promoting trade and commerce
through the creation of a positive national image.
Moving on to the nineteenth century and across the Irish Sea, Angharad
Saunders next writes about Ireland, as seen and described by Anthony Trollope,
the novelist and traveller who became part of Anglo-Irish society in the 1840s and
1850s. Saunders presents us with Trollope’s dilemma; how to write a narrative that
was true to the reality of place, but at the same time to produce a work of fiction that
could be accepted for publication in England and depend on an English readership.
She reminds us that novels are rarely considered as pieces of travel writing and yet
they may depend for their veracity on a prior experience of extensive travelling
and provide a descriptive narrative of place to be set alongside more traditional
travel accounts.
In Chapter 10, Sylvie Guichard-Anguis moves us away from the world of
Western travel and tourism narratives, to introduce the Kumano region of Japan
and its ancient pilgrimage roads and sacred sites, set within the Kii mountain
range. Her chapter speaks of the travelogues written about these roads for more
than a thousand years that now provide insight into the nature of the environment
at different periods in the past, the people who walked the routes and the activities
they undertook as part of their journeys. She compares and contrasts the contents
of these narratives, produced at various times since the tenth century and includes
three dating from the twenty-first century. Her intention is to illustrate, through a
consideration of these travel narratives, how memory is both created and preserved
within Japanese travel culture.
From a consideration of pilgrim narratives in Japan, Chaim Noy takes us, in the
next chapter, to a different type of ‘pilgrimage’ site; that of Ein Karem, a suburb
of Jerusalem that was once a Palestinian village but is now occupied by Israeli
residents. In contrast to the ‘standard’ tour of ‘Mary’s Spring’ offered to overseas
Christian pilgrims/tourists, Noy writes about two tours, provided primarily for
liberal Israeli visitors during an event in 2009 instituted by a group of experimental
artists; the first tour led by a Palestinian who used to live in the village and the
second, by a Jewish environmentalist. Noy indicates how differently the place
was narrated, depending on the perspective of the narrator, and identifies clearly
that tourism narratives of place may have a strongly ideological, as well as an
educational, function.
Finally, in Chapter 12, Tijana Rakić explores place narratives of the Athenian
Acropolis, an important site believed to symbolise UNESCO’s World Heritage idea
 Introducing the Narratives of Travel and Tourism 5

and also to embody the Greek nation, within a selection of contemporary travel
guidebooks. While relying on semiotic analyses of Acropolis-relevant texts and
images, Rakić pays particular attention to the narratives of national versus ‘universal’
belonging that its World Heritage status intends to convey. She notes that only a few
of these guidebooks have mentioned its World Heritage status and thus she reveals
numerous tensions between the national and ‘universal’ belonging of the Acropolis.
She concludes that in these guidebooks the narratives about the Acropolis have been
marked primarily by their descriptions of the Acropolis as a global tourist attraction
that both represents and belongs to Greece, rather than the world.

References

Beck, W. 2006. Narratives of World Heritage in Travel Guidebooks. International

Journal of Heritage Studies, 12(6), 521–35.
Bendix, R. 2002. Capitalizing on Memories Past, Present, and Future: Observations
on the Intertwining of Tourism and Narration. Anthropological Theory, 2(4),
469–87.
Blanton, C. 2002. Travel Writing: The Self and the World. London: Routledge.
Bruner, E.M. 2005. The Role of Narrative in Tourism. Conference paper presented
at the On Voyage: New Directions in Tourism Theory Conference, Berkeley,
October 7–8. Available at www.nyu.edu/classes/bkg/tourist/narrative.doc
[accessed: 10 January 2010].
Campbell, M.B. 1988. The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel
Writing, 400–1600. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
Elsrud, T. 2001. Risk Creation When Travelling: Backpacker Adventure Narration.
Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 591–617.
Fabian, J. 2001. Time, Narration, and the Exploration of Central Africa. Narrative,
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Holland, P. and Huggan, G. 2000. Tourists with Typewriters: Critical Reflections
on Contemporary Travel Writing. USA: University of Michigan Press.
Leask, N. 2002. Curiosity and the Aesthetics of Travel Writing 1770–1840. Oxford:
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Lisle, D. 2006. The Global Politics of Contemporary Travel Writing. Cambridge:
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McCabe, S. and Foster, C. 2006. The Role and Function of Narrative in Tourist
Interaction, Tourism and Cultural Change, 4(3), 194–215.
Meethan, K., Anderson, A. and Miles, S. (eds). 2006. Tourism, Consumption and
Representation: Narratives of Place and Self. Wallingford: CABI.
Mills, S. 1991. Discourses of Difference: an Analysis of Women’s Travel Writing
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6 Narratives of Travel and Tourism

Noy, C. 2007. A Narrative Community: Voices of Israeli backpackers. Detroit:

Wayne State University.
Pratt, M.L. 2008. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. London:
Routledge.
Robertson, G., Mash, M., Tickner, L., Bird, J., Curtis, B. and Putnam, T. (eds).
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Smith, S. 2001. Moving Lives: Twentieth-Century Women’s Travel Writing.
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Conference Session at the Royal Geographical Society with Institute of British
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Tucker, H. 2005. Narratives of Place and Self: Differing Experiences of Package
Coach Tours in New Zealand. Tourist Studies, 5(3), 267–82.
Tussyadiah, I. and Fesenmaier, D. 2009. Mediating Tourist Experiences: Access to
Places via Shared Videos. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(1), 24–40.
 PART I
Travellers and their Narratives
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Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
instructed them, in the main intersession prayer—to first remember
a prayer for the Fuehrer, the Reich and the German Wehrmacht; the
instructions were carried out everywhere where they had been
given. Larger religious services (in open places, etc.) were often
requested, but have so far been rejected.
3. The Synodale (also "Erneuerungs Synodale" or "Lebende")
church. It is justified by laws of the church; however it stands at
present near an agreement with the Soviet government. Their
services where requested—for example in Berditschow—were not
permitted.
4. The Roman-Catholic Church. Within the framework of the German
military administration, only one religious service was permitted at
the old cathedral in Shitomir (16 Sept 41), but was stopped because
of the following "misuse of the trust placed in the (Polish) local
priests." The Roman-Catholic cathedral of Shitomir was closed again
for Latin and Polish services and might be taken over by the
Ukrainian-Orthodox congregation.
5. The Sect of the Altglaeubigen (Russian and Ukrainian
"Raskolniki").
6. Sects converted to Protestantism (Adventists, Baptists, Evangelical
Christians, Stundists, etc.).
Both sect groups did not request religious services and did not
openly come into appearance and can be regarded as harmless.
Special director Dr. Stumpp, who was especially appointed for this,
reported on the situation of the Evangelical Congregations in the
German Settling Space; he is at present with Lt. Vohrer in the
German settlement on the Black Sea.
IV
Next Intentions for the Future:
As soon (around the end of October) as the civilian administration
occupies the whole territory right of the Dnieper and their
Headquarters are established in Kiev, I will follow—providing no
other commands are given—the high command of the Army Group
South and report at that place.
For the time, after the conclusion of the Eastern campaign, I request
permission for special proposals.
signed: GIRUS KOCH
Captain

TRANSLATION OF
DOCUMENT 054-PS
The Reichminister
For The Occupied Eastern Territories C.P., 7 October 1942
The Representative at the Army Sector B. L 14/10
To the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories,
Chief Section I,
BERLIN, Unter den Linden 63.
Reprint to Captain Lorenz Hq. of the High Command of the
Army

Subject: Treatment of Ukrainian Specialists.

Enclosures:—2—
Attached I send you the copy of a report made by the Commandant
of the Collecting Center for Specialists at Charkow, (report submitted
at the end of September 1942) as well as the copy of a letter from
April 1942.
Relative to the treatment of Ukrainian specialists in the Reich, I was
asked by the Chief of Staff of the Commander in Chief to attend to
the matter most emphatically since the complaints here never cease.
I have discussed it thoroughly with the chief of section VII at the
Commander in Chief's. I went to see Captain Schmid and visited the
camp. As synopsis of the discussions with the gentlemen and
reading of reports the following can be established in general:
a. With some few exceptions the Ukrainians employed individually in
the Reich e.g. at small trade plants, as agricultural laborers, as
domestic helps, etc., are very satisfied with their conditions.
b. The Ukrainians sheltered in the community camps, however,
complain very much.
The enclosed report of Captain Schmid reports these matters in
detail.
The question of treatment of the Ukrainians, transported to the
Reich as workers of the East worries the bureaus of the Army
concerned a great deal. The Commander in Chief urged me to visit
some of the camps in the Reich myself as soon as possible and to
report to the proper authorities in order to bring about immediate
relief. The Army zone is by no means satisfied. All the circumstances
of discontent contribute more and more to more people joining the
bands or wandering away to the camp of the Bandera esp. other
groups hostile to us.
The best propaganda of all would be to treat the workers of the East
well; great demands are not made by the Ukrainians anyhow. If their
treatment will only be somewhat better and humanely decent these
people, who make in part a good impression, will be more than
satisfied; these people after all came to the Greater German Reich—
at least at the beginning of the employment of workers of the East
in the Reich—of their own free will and full of hope. The unsuitable
treatment described in the reports is hardly propaganda and is not
profitable for us. After all, we are not at war with the Ukrainian
population and certainly not with people who by their voluntary
enlistment for labor, help us to win the war.
It also would serve our purposes definitely better to utilize the
specialist in his specialty.
[signed] THEURER
(Theurer)
 1st Lieutenant
Copy of Copy
Collecting Center for Skilled Workers at Charkow.
Captain Schmid, Commandant.
To the Commander of the Army Sector B., Section VII
CHARKOW
Subject: Abuses in the treatment of Ukrainian skilled workers.
By reason of my capacity as commandant of the Collecting Center
for skilled workers and the transport of skilled workers to the Reich
connected with it and thereby being in touch with the various groups
of the Ukrainian population, I am informed of the morale of the
Ukrainians in the extended surroundings of the Eastern Ukraine.
Resulting from this knowledge I have to state that an atmosphere of
animosity has taken the place of the original attitude toward the
Reich. This sudden change of mood is connected partly with the
scarcity of food for the civilian population caused by the war and
intensified by the measures for centralization. The more important
motive—the extreme abuses which have taken place at various times
in the treatment of skilled workers shipped to Germany.
Since a prosperous economic cooperation with the 35 million people
of the Ukraine lies within the interest of our coming generations and
since the Ukrainians themselves are organically healthy, very capable
of development and rich in valuable and willing constructive forces, it
is necessary to prevent in time an estrangement starting at the roots
and to recognize the beginnings of the disastrous development
before it is too late, and to take effective countermeasures.
I. Abuses in recruiting
At the beginning of the action the recruiting worked on the basis of
voluntary enlistment. Later on a certain pressure had to be put on to
reach certain minimum quotas. This however did not give a license
to the starosts and to their militia, entrusted with the drafting, to the
brutalities mentioned in the following.
The starosts esp. village elders are frequently corruptible, they
continue to have the skilled workers, whom they drafted, dragged
from their beds at night to be locked up in cellars until they are
shipped. Since the male and female workers often are not given any
time to pack their luggage, etc., many skilled workers arrive at the
Collecting Center for Skilled Workers with equipment entirely
insufficient (without shoes, only two dresses, no eating and drinking
utensils, no blankets, etc.). In particularly extreme cases new
arrivals therefore have to be sent back again immediately to get the
things most necessary for them. If people do not come along at
once, the threatening and beating of skilled workers by the above
mentioned militia is a daily occurrence and is reported from most of
the communities. In some cases women were beaten until they
could no longer march. One bad case in particular was reported by
me to the commander of the civil police here (colonel Samek) for
severe punishment (place Sozolinkow, district Dergatschi). The
encroachments of the starosts and the militia are of a particularly
grave nature because they usually justify themselves by claiming
that all that is done in the name of the German Armed Forces. In
reality the latter have conducted themselves almost throughout in a
highly understanding manner toward the skilled workers and the
Ukrainian population. The same, however, can not be said of some
of the administrative agencies. To illustrate this be it mentioned, that
a woman once arrived being dressed with barely more than a shirt.
Particularly distressing is the fact that, on account of issued
ordnances to prevent smuggling, all food acquired by the skilled
workers and the rest of the population by buying or bartering
household utensils, etc., is being taken away by the militia on the
way. This is not rarely accompanied by beatings (without regard to
objections or given circumstances).
It happened that skilled workers who came to Germany had sold or
bartered their own belongings partly or completely in that way, thus
they owned neither household furniture, etc., nor any other goods or
food. By combatting smuggling in that manner, unfortunately only
too often very poor people are being affected and robbed of their
last property, while the real smugglers are hard to catch.
Furthermore food has disappeared from the market due to a freezing
of prices.
Family members left behind and formerly supported by those who
went to Germany get social care. This, however, is only the case in
the city of Charkow, not in the case of people on the country (note:
used to be the case, now all get special food distribution, the
hardship thus is removed). The taking away of food esp. the sale of
goods mentioned above often results in considerable hardships for
those left behind and has sometimes strong effects, since neither
communal nor reciprocal assistance exist here.
Very depressing for the morale of the skilled workers and the
population is the effect of those persons shipped back from Germany
for having become disabled or not having been fit for labor
commitment from the very beginning. Several times already
transports of skilled workers on their way to Germany have crossed
returning transports of such disabled persons and have stood on the
tracks alongside of each other for a long period of time. These
returning transports are insufficiently cared for. Nothing but sick,
injured and weak people, mostly 50-60 to a car, are usually escorted
by 3-4 men. There is neither sufficient care or food. The returnees
made frequently unfavorable—but surely exaggerated—statements
relative to their treatment in Germany and on the way. As a result of
all this and of what the people could see with their own eyes, a
psychosis of fear was evoked among the specialist workers esp. the
whole transport to Germany. Several transport leaders—of the 62nd
and the 63rd in particular-reported thereto in detail. In one case the
leader of the transport of skilled workers observed with his own eyes
how a person who died of hunger was unloaded from a returning
transport on the side track [1st Lt. Hoffmann of the 63rd transport,
Station Darniza]. Another time it was reported that 3 dead had to be
deposited by the side of the tracks on the way and had to be left
behind unburied by the escort. It is also regrettable that these
disabled persons arrive here without any identification. According to
the reports of the transport commanders one gets the impression
that these persons unable to work are assembled, penned into the
wagons and are sent off provided only by a few men escort, and
without special care for food and medical or other attendance. The
Labor Office at the place of arrival as well as the transport
commanders confirm this impression.
II. Deficiencies on Transport
During the transport to Germany provisions should be made for
food, water and drink, answering the call of nature, medical care,
orderly transportation, avoidance of maltreatment, delousing
according to regulation, and supervision. To take care of all this a
military escort is detailed consisting of 1 car commander for each
car, 1 train guard for every 6 cars, 1 supply man for every 5 cars,
and 1 control staff for every 3 cars. This is the minimum strength
required according to corresponding reports of all transport
commanders. With less than that orderly care and transportation of
specialists is no longer secured. It has been often confirmed that
insufficient and uninstructed escorts caused fatal accidents,
insufficient food and care, escape of hundreds of workers, most
brutal maltreatment with consequent disorder and confusion.
Unfortunately the escorts were depleted on the way in various
manners by Army details esp. by commanders for the supervision of
furloughs or after the transports were taken over by the police. This
always affected the transports unfavorably. The transports
commanders are instructed to secure the interests of the transports
by all possible means against encroachments of all kind. They are of
vital importance for the Great German Reich.
Recently the practice started of handing the transports over to new
escorts in Przemysl. These escorts are under the command of a
delegate of the German Labor Front or the Ministry of Labor. This
practice is clearly against the regulations and rules of the Reich
Marshal and the Deputy General for Labor Supply. Taking a good
management of the transport by the delegates for granted, incoming
reports here list the following deficiencies: The escorts are
understaffed which causes in part lack of care and food and rough
treatment, doctors and released female domestic helpers are
detained in camps without authority for want of supplementary
identification papers, social care is lacking. A verbal report at hand
relates in detail and with the witnesses the irresponsibility and
indecent conduct of delegate Albert Nuessen who took over the
62nd transport. The transfer to the camp is made as fast as possible
and not perfect. The railroad offices are of course directed to
support the transport commanders. Unfortunately, however, some of
the office chiefs of the railroad treat the transports of specialists
often as very immaterial. The chief of transportation in Romodan
e.g. stated to a transport commander that these transports are not
important. Yet the Fuehrer himself ordered these transports, and the
problem of work power was declared to be the most important and
urgent in order to increase the potential of armament!
The food situation of the transports is now somewhat improved after
giving right notice ahead of time. Previously some of the food
stations failed grossly. However, it happens again and again that in
spite of giving advance notice of the transports strength in time, no
warm or cold food is ready or available. Sometimes this is due to
military or hospital transports which passed through before. This can
be easily understood. Sometimes, however, the notice was not
passed on or simply nothing at all was done. In the Reich it is
generally better. Of course it happens when trains are detoured a
great deal of the specialists go hungry for days. The iron ration is
always taken along and also used. It mostly depends on the
transport commander and the office chief for social care how
unforeseen food difficulties are overcome. The Army offices show
always greatest understanding for supplying these transports, the
deputies of the labor front most of the time fulfill their appointments
well, however some of the deputies of the attendance service have
completely failed in their duties. The transport commanders are
instructed to give exact names and conditions in the future. The red
cross which at times is overburdened helps with the supplying;
unfortunately, however, the attitude and behavior of many female
red cross workers toward the specialists is based often on
uncomprehension of the Fuehrer's great action in regard to Eastern
workers, and they treat especially the female workers in an
outrageous manner. Food also has been refused at times with the
reference that these were "Russian swine." Nobody pays attention to
the fact that these are Ukrainians, because there is a lack of
information to that effect. In reference to this, attention is called to
the fact that it has happened on several occasions that people have
broken out of the cars after several days of hungering, hurried into
the nearby villages, sold their goods and acquired food. In such
cases of course, it is not to be expected that they all come back.
Such gross incidents of the transports of the first months have not,
to our knowledge been repeated in the summer. However, it has
been reported that about 500 workers escaped along the route out
of a transport which started from Kiev, accompanied by only a few
policemen, supposedly 5 in all, (and without medical personnel) and
which convoy was badly supplied and taken care of.
To understand the supply problem, it is important to know that often
only a short time is being allotted for the feeding of the many
hundred people by the train commander or the railway station
officer. Therefore all the workers can only be fed before the
departure of the train if there is a sufficient amount of accompanying
and attendance personnel and if the food is handed out quickly at
several distributing points; in addition close co-operation of the
workers is needed. Because the transports must often stop 1-3 Km
outside of the stations it still happens frequently that a small part of
the workers remains without rations because the engineers, in spite
of agreements and the stationmaster let the trains take off without
warning. On the basis of reported incidents, attention must be called
to the fact that it is irresponsible to keep the workers locked in the
cars for many hours so that they cannot even take care of the calls
of nature. It is evident that the people of a transport must be given
an opportunity from time to time to get drinking water, to wash, and
in order to relieve themselves. Cars have been showed in which
people had made holes so they could take care of the calls of
nature. When nearing bigger stations persons should, if possible
relieve themselves far from these stations.
The following abuses were reported from the delousing stations: In
the women's and girls' shower rooms, services was partly performed
by men or men would mingle around or even helped with the
soaping!; and vice versa, there was female personnel in the men's
shower rooms; men also for some time were taking photographs in
the women's shower rooms. Since mainly Ukrainian peasants were
transported in the last months, as far as the female portion of these
are concerned they are mostly of a high moral standard and used to
strict decency, they must have considered such a treatment as a
national degradation. The above mentioned abuses have been,
according to our knowledge, settled by the intervention of the
transport commanders. The reports of the photographing were made
from Halle; the reports about the former were made from Kiewerce.
Such incidents in complete disregard of the honor and respect of the
Greater German Reich may still occur again here or there.
III. Abuses inside Germany
Undoubtedly the higher authorities in the Reich do everything to
attend, in the best manner, to the workers from the East, especially
from the Ukraine, who have been called to Germany. In most of the
enterprises, too, in the countries and in households, one is not only
satisfied most of the time with the Ukrainian women and girls as
help, but they are also treated with a happy solicitude and with
understanding for their position and for our relations to the Ukraine.
Here too, unfortunately voices are heard that tell of bad treatment in
the collecting as well as other camps. All the time people tell about
beatings and thrashings and constantly also they write about them.
It seems that especially these men who have functions pertaining to
order and security violate sometimes very much the limits of
admissibility and identify the Ukrainians as Bolsheviks while they
have actually for decades opposed themselves to Bolshevism as its
natural enemies. The camp commanders also, usually show no
understanding for the Ukrainians. The treatment in the camps is
described as being bad and very brutal.
With regard to food, it is being felt in Germany that in a war for life
and death, it is but natural to impose harsh restrictions in the first
place on foreigners who have been up to the present in the enemy's
camps. No doubt the Reich and the businesses make efforts to keep
the workers who were brought in, in good health and working
condition. If abuses take place here, it is harmful to ourselves and
should be remedied in each single case.
Disadvantageous also is the fact that a great portion of the German
population considers the Ukrainian labor forces as their worst
enemies and as Russian Bolshevists and treat them accordingly. A
definite clarification is urgently needed here. In the face of such an
attitude of the Ukraine it will be completely impossible to have for
decades and centuries a successful and durable solution for the
great economical and political problem of the East especially of the
Southern part.
Until recently the postal communication problem of the specialists
with their country was not fully solved and gave cause to ill rumor
and depression. At present an improvement is being planned.
Here in the Ukraine thousands of recruiting notices and placards
have been put out to get cooperation from the people and urging
them to report to the Reich with the assurance of best treatment.
Therefore, considering this and also the above mentioned abuses, it
would seem to be of interest to the Reich, and necessary for the
security of our future race and to prevent a later evil, to prevent by
all means an alienation of the Ukraine with its precious territories
and population by settling vicious abuses and by a clarification of the
situation.
Certified True Copy C.P. 5 Oct 1942.
[illegible signature]
Envelope
At the V.O. of the Reichs Ministry for the occupied territories of
 the East.
Deputy with Army, Territory B.
Official seal.
Copy of Copy
Copy of a letter of graduate engineer given to the Specialist
Collecting Camp. (Translated from the original in the Specialist
Collecting Camp.)
27 April 42
Camp Dabendorf, Berlin
Reich Railway direction.

Mister Franz H. Ergard and H. Nester!

Good Day!
As I have told you in my letter of 20 Apr. 42, we have been
transported to the Grunewald Railroad car repair factories. In the
first week I have worked as a manual laborer in the main warehouse
of the works. I have unloaded coal, have dug the ground and have
stacked lumber. This is supposed to be the "employment of
Specialists" in their own line of work. The question constantly arises,
why did I go to Germany, maybe that I who volunteered as a
specialist (graduate engineer) for Germany, am to be transformed
into a banned prisoner? I wonder why? What misdeeds have I
committed against Germany? On the contrary, I have believed all
those who spoke in Charkow about the worker's life in Germany. My
attitude toward Germany has remained kind and friendly, I want to
work, but I do not want to be led astray, to be treated as a civilian
prisoner and without any care, or as a forgotten man who can find
nowhere and receives from nobody, care and moral backing. I had
hoped that we would be treated humanely and quite differently. It
should be clear that I did not come to Germany to beg for charity. I
had a job in Charkow and a decent working place; this I have
renounced for the good of Germany and sacrificed for the
improvement of the condition of my family. It was clear to me that I
had to help that state that delivered me from the Bolshevist yoke,
from this yoke under which I had to live for 24 years. Now I had
expected a better future for myself. Our food ration consists of: at 4
o'clock in the morning 3/4 of a liter of tea, in the evening at 6
o'clock 3/4 of a liter of soup and 250 grams of bread a day. That is
all. With such food we have to dig the ground and great
requirements are made from us just like from manual laborers. On
account of the under-nourishment and the heavy work I am weak
and exhausted today and I don't know if I can endure and survive
this much longer. To what conditions thoughtlessness can drive a
man! Into a condition which will probably not be pleasant to
anybody.
I beg you all, deliver me, help that I can go back to my family! If
this is impossible, ease my condition otherwise I may commit a
stupidity, escape or suicide.
There is no possibility to continue to live like this.
Your,
Grigori.
P.S.: Expect with impatience to hear from you. What is the possibility
of sending me a work suit which in my stupidity I have not taken
along.
Certified copy of Original 5 Oct. 42
Mamperl, employee
(At the V.O. of the Reich Ministry of the occupied territories of the
East. Deputy with Army, Territory B.)

TRANSLATION OF
DOCUMENT 055-PS
SECRET
[rubber stamp]
German Reichs Ministry for the Occupied Regions of the East,
Director of Group P4.
P 4/894 a/44g Department: Goepel
Berlin, 12 Sept. 1944
Prinz Louis Ferdinand Str.
Received. Bau 9/12

DECREE
1. To the Chief of the Political Directorate Staff, In the Building
Subject: Presentation of a list of works of art which have been
shipped back from the Ukraine.
The Reichs Commissar for the Ukraine has stored the works of art
and paintings shipped in from Kiev and Charkow, in the following
storage places in East Prussia:
1. Domain Bichau bei Wehlau.
2. Manor House Wildenhoff (Owner Count Schwerin).
Concerned are 65 chests whose contents will be given completely in
the enclosure. There is as yet no inventory of some further 20
chests, 57 folios and one role of engravings. There are a great many
of the oldest icons, works of famous masters of the German, Dutch
and Italian schools of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, as well as
works of the best Russian artists of the 18th and 19th centuries. On
the whole, the contents include the most valuable works of the
known Ukrainian art possession, which in themselves represent a
value of many millions after a cursory appraisal. Beyond that they
have a high ethical and cultural-political meaning as the only
collections of this sort in the German orbit with international repute
with which the Reich wishes to carry out a collaboration at present
or in the future.
In accordance with the ordinance of the Reichs Chancellery of 18
Nov. 1940—Rk. 15 666 B (enclosure 2) it appears necessary to
submit a list of the contents to the Fuehrer. I request your signature
on the proposed list which is enclosed.
2. Disseminate immediately.
(Copies for signature were presented in pencil to Ministry and
Chancellery of party on 15 Sept. 1944.)
Sv. 9/15

German Reichs Ministry for the Occupied Regions of the East

Director of Group P 4
P 894a/44

Berlin, 14 Sept. 1944

Prinz Louis Ferdinand-str. 2
Phone: 16 45 61
Received: Bau 14.9.44
DECREE
[Rubber stamp] SECRET
1. To the Reichs Minister

Via Chief of the Political Directorate Staff, in the Building

Subject: Works of art shipped back from Ukraine.
The Reichs Commissar for the Ukraine has stored the works of art
and paintings shipped in from Kiev and Charkow in the following
storage places in East Prussia:
1. Domain Richau bei Wehlau.
2. Manor House Wildenhoff (Owner Count Schwerin).
Concerned are 65 chests whose contents will be given completely in
the enclosure. There is as yet no inventory of some further 20
chests, 57 folios and one role of engravings. There are great many
of the oldest icons, works of famous masters of the German, Dutch
and Italian schools of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, as well as
works of the best Russian artists of the 18th and 19th centuries. On
the whole the contents include the most valuable works of the
known Ukrainian art possession, which in themselves represent a
value of many millions after a cursory appraisal. Beyond that they
have a high ethic and cultural-political meaning as the only
collections of this sort in the German orbit with international repute
with which the Reich wishes to carry out a collaboration at present
or in the future.
I request an acknowledgement.
In accordance with the decree of the Reichs Chancellory of 18 Nov.
1940—RK. 15 666 B—a list of the contents was presented to the
Fuehrer.
2. Disseminate.
[initialed] US 14/9

September 1944
16 43 61
received Bau 14.9.44
The Chief of the Political Directorate Staff
DECREE
[rubber stamp] SECRET
P 894a/44g
1. To the Reichs Chancellory
(1) Berlin W 8
Wilhelmstr.
Re: Reservation for the Fuehrer [Fuehrervorbehalt] of works of art
from the occupied territories of the East.
According to an expression of the Fuehrer's will (communication to
the Director of the Gallery of Paintings in Dresden—File number: RK
10 811 B) it is required to report all treasures of art which have been
shipped back from the occupied territories of the East. I submit,
therefore, in the enclosure a list of the items from the museums of
Kiev and Charkow which are at present stored in East Prussia with a
request for acknowledgement.
2. Disseminate.
By direction.

US 9/14

TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT
057-PS
NATIONAL SOCIALISTIC GERMAN WORKERS PARTY
Party-Chancellory
The Head of the Party-Chancellory
Fuehrer headquarters, the 30.5.1944
[Fuehrerhauptquartier]
SECRET
[Receipt Stamp]
CHANCELLORY ROSENBERG
Dated 7 June 1944 Nr. 041 K
(Marked) Shown to RL 7/6
Circular Letter 125/44 Secret
(not for publication)
Concerns: Justice exercised by the people against Anglo-American
murderers.
In the last few weeks low-flying English and American flyers have
repeatedly shot children playing in squares, women and children at
work in the fields, peasants plowing, vehicles on the highways,
trains, etc. from a low altitude with their aircraft guns [Bordwaffen],
and have thus murdered defenseless civilians—particularly women
and children—in the vilest manner.
Several instances have occurred where members of the crews of
such aircraft who have bailed out or have made forced landings were
lynched on the spot immediately after capture by the populace
which was incensed to the highest degree.
No police measures or criminal proceedings were invoked against
the German civilians who participated in these incidents.
signed M. BORMANN.

Distributed List:

Members of the Executive Board of the NSDAP [Reichsleiter]

Regional leaders [Gauleiter]

Leaders of the incorporated and affiliated organizations of the

Party [Verbandefuehrer]

District leaders [Kreisleiter]

[STAMPED]

For Cognizance to

1) Staff Leader

[Stableiter]
 2) Central Office
Authenticated:

Friedrichs

30.5.1944
To all Province and District Leaders:
Concerns: Circular letter 125/44 Secret.
The leader of the Party-Chancellory requests that the local group
leaders [Ortagruppenleiter] be instructed concerning the content of
this circular letter orally only.
signed: FRIEDRICHS

Authenticated:
Karms

TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT
058-PS
[Letterhead of the NSDAP Party Chancellery]
The Director of the Party Chancellery
Fuehrer Headquarters

30 Sept 1944

Circular letter 288/44g

SECRET
 [Rubber stamped]
Chancellery Rosenberg
Received 3 Oct 1944 Nr 09640
Shown to Reichsleiter 3/10
Filed circular letter secret
Subject: Reorganization of the concerns of prisoners of war.
1. The Fuehrer has ordered under the date 25 Sept 1944:
The custody of all prisoners of war and interned persons, as well as
prisoner of war camps, and institutions with guards are transferred
to the commander of the reserve army from October 1, 1944.
For all questions which have to do with the fulfilling of the
agreement of 1939, as well as affairs of the police and aid societies,
and for the affairs of the German prisoners of war in the enemies
hands, the high command of the military forces will give particulars
of the transfer and the delineation of the twofold duties in direct
consultation with the commander of the reserve army and the
divisions of the military forces.
2. The Reichsfuehrer SS has commanded:
a. In my capacity as commander of the reserve army, I transfer the
affairs of prisoners of war to Gottlob Berger, SS-lieut. general and
[SS-Obergruppenfuehrer und General der Waffen-SS] chief of staff of
the Volksturm.
b. The commanders of prisoners of war with the individual military
commands are subject to the command of the senior SS officer
effective as of 1 October 1944.
[Rubber stamp] For cognizance to

1) Chief of Staff

2) Central Office
 Back to chancellery
c. The mobilization of labor of the prisoners of war will be organized
with the present labor mobilization office in joint action between SS-
Lieut. General Berger [SS-Obergruppenfuehrer] and SS-Lieut.
General Pohl.
The strengthening of security in the field of prisoner of war affairs is
to be accomplished between SS-Lieut. General Berger and the Chief
of the Security Police, SS-Lieut. Gen. Dr. Kaltenbrunner.
d. Particulars of the transfer will be determined in joint action
between SS-Lieut. Gen. Berger and the Chief of the General Office of
the Military Forces, General Reineck.
3. The Reichsfuehrer SS has also commanded:
All camp and labor commands are immediately to investigate with
respect to security and suppression of any attempt at uprising, and
to take all the proper measures. In this connection I order that from
now on, all canned goods which the prisoners receive in packages
are to be cut open and must be given to the prisoners opened
because of the notes and tools which are often hidden in the cans.
This treatment is to be accorded to any canned goods of prisoners
which have been saved unopened up to now.
4. I am passing this new order on for information. As soon as further
details of the transfer, future treatment of the affairs of prisoners of
war, and the exact delineation of the tasks of the Reichsfuehrer SS
and of the High Command are established, I shall forward them.
I request you work in closest collaboration with the offices to whom
the responsibility of the affairs of the prisoners of war was
transferred.
signed: M. BORMANN

Distribution:
Reich Directorate
 Gauleiter
Chiefs of the organizations affiliated with NSDAP.
[Verbaendefuehrer]
Authenticated: Suergart [?]
File word: Prisoners of War
Order number 8810

TRANSLATION OF
DOCUMENT 061-PS
NSDAP
Party Chancellory
11 January 1944

Leader of Party Chancellory

Fuehrer's Headquarters
Announcement 9/44 secret

SECRET

Re: Supply of Bombed Districts

Since the supply of textiles and household goods for the bombed
populations is becoming increasingly difficult, the proposition was
made repeatedly to effect purchases in the occupied territories in
greater proportions. Various district leaders proposed to let these
purchases be handled by suitable private merchants who know these
districts and have corresponding connections.
I have brought these proposals to the attention of the National
Economic Minister and am quoting his reply of 16 December 1943 on
account of its fundamental importance: I consider it a specially
important task to make use of the economic power of the occupied
territories for the Nation. You are aware of the fact that since the
occupation of the Western territories the buying out of these
countries has been affected in the greatest proportion. Raw
materials, semi-finished products and stocks of finished goods have
been rolling to Germany for months, valuable machines were sent to
our armaments industry. Everything was done at that time to
increase our armament potentialities. Later on the shipments of
these important economic goods were replaced by the so-called
distribution of orders from industry to industry. These measures are
running smoothly and with good success for a long time. They were
again strengthened these last few months because we were more
than ever before forced by the shutting-down of the consumer
goods industry in favor of armament to use the economic powers of
the Western occupied territories for these German needs.
With the growing volume of the distribution of orders the black-
market also lost more ground and the termination of products as to
kind, quality and price was taken into our hands much more
effectively. In the spring of this year, therefore, the Reichsmarschal
was able to decide to prohibit all black-market purchases through
German agencies. Since, besides the industrial fabrication from old
stocks and from uncontrollable production in the Western occupied
territories, certain supplies always exist which are not covered by the
industrial displacement, the proper German agencies have received
the order from me to get also these free stocks of finished goods
besides securing production for the displacement. In doing so, one
must not form a wrong idea of the amount of these stocks. They
usually are not as big as they might appear to be in the display
window of some cities of the Western territories. These purchases
are being made under the control of central purchase agencies and
according to the regulations of the national agencies. Moreover,
these purchases have already been in the hands of German
companies proven in foreign business. Since, in addition to these
firms, buyers have recently acted who used to be active in the black-
market and are not sufficiently competent nor always reliable, I have
formed recently for France and Belgium each a common buying
office for the companies permitted for certain businesses. It is the
task of these offices to purchase the finished goods without
disturbing the distribution of orders specially for the supply for air
attack losses. These offices represent a coordination of the
especially experienced German companies in Belgium and France.
Among them are, for instance, also a number of respectable
Hamburg firms. The offices are getting general directions from the
Reich offices as to which goods are urgently needed for the provision
for bombed out people. Besides, it is up to their private economical
initiative to develop fully these possibilities, on which I am also
putting the greatest importance.
Accordingly, I may assume that your proposals have already been
carried out. Difficulties in the delivery of the goods to the Reich are
solely due to the present specially strained transport situation.
Frequently during the last few weeks it was not possible to bring in
even the most important goods destined for the bombed out civilians
from the Western occupied territories. Upon an improvement of the
transport situation, the provision with these goods will also improve.
Special actions, therefore, can also not change this situation. They
would only disturb the order of the practice established after many
troubles.
Signed M. Bormann

Distribution:
Reichsleiter
Gauleiter
Verbaendefuehrer
Correct [signed] Goerz
Subject index: Household goods—Airwar measures—Textiles—
Supplies
 TRANSLATION OF
DOCUMENT 062-PS
NATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKERS PARTY
The Deputy of the Fuehrer
[Receipt Stamp:
Chancellery Rosenberg
No. 941, dated 1 April 1940]

Munich 33, 13 March 1940

Brown House

TOP SECRET

(Initialled): R

DIRECTIVE A 5/40 g-
Subject: Instructions to the civilian population regarding appropriate
behavior in case of landings of enemy planes or parachutists in
German territory [Reichsgebiet]
The French civilian population was directed officially and by radio
how to behave in case of landings by German planes.
On account of this fact the Commander in Chief of the Air Force has
requested me to instruct the civilian population correspondingly by
means of party channels.
The attached directions as to procedure are to be disseminated only
orally via district leaders [Kreisleiter], local municipal leaders
[Ortsgruppenleiter], cell leaders [Zellenleiter], block leaders
[Blockleiter], leaders of the incorporated and affiliated organizations
of the party. Transmittal by official orders, posters, press or radio is
prohibited.
1 enclosure
Authenticated:
(F.d.R.)
 FRIEDRICHS

signed: R. HESS
OFFICIAL STAMP: TOP SECRET
(gives the exact routine instructions how to handle state secrets)
1. This is a state secret in the sense of par. 88 Reich Criminal Code
in the wording of the law of 24 April 1934. German laws of 1934 Vol.
1 p. 341 ff.
2. To be passed on only personally or upon personal written request
in two envelopes against receipt certificate.
3. Transmission if possible through courier or trusted personality; in
case of postal transmission as money-letter (value 1050 marks).
4. Multiplication of any kind as well as making of excerpts is
prohibited.
5. Recipient responsible for safe keeping. Violation of this results in
severest punishment.
DISTRIBUTION
Members of the Executive Board of the NSDAP
Regional Leaders
Adjutant's Office of the Fuehrer
Liaison Staff of the NSDAP
Reich Organization Directorate
Reich Propaganda Directorate
Reich Student Leadership
SS Gruppenfuehrer HEYDRICH.

INCLOSURE TO DIRECTIVE—A 5/40 g

Direction about behavior in case of landings of enemy planes or
parachutists
1. Each enemy plane landing on German soil is to be put under
effective protection immediately.
2. The airmen are to be arrested at once, and, first of all, a
restarting as well as the destruction or burning of the plane or its
contents are to be prevented.
3. It is to be kept especially in mind that each part of the plane,
even the smallest, or of the equipment of the airmen is important
and of the utmost significance to the competent service office. The
retaining of any objects—possibly as souvenirs—is detrimental to the
country's defense, and will be punished as looting according to law.
This category includes also, i.e. notebooks, letters, postal cards,
either in the plane or in the clothing of killed or wounded airmen.
Any attempt by enemy airmen to destroy such objects is to be
prevented by all means.
4. Likewise, enemy parachutists are immediately to be arrested or
liquidated [Unschadlich Gemacht].
5. The nearest military or constabulary post is to be informed at
once.

TRANSLATION OF
DOCUMENT 064-PS
[Letterhead—NSDAP]
The Deputy of the Fuehrer
Chief of Staff

at present in Berlin, 27 Sept 40

Bo-An
[Rubber stamp]
Chancellery Rosenberg
Received No. 2565. 1 Oct 1940
 To
Reichsleiter A. Rosenberg
Berlin W 35
Margaretenstr. 17

Dear party member Rosenberg:

I am sending you a photostatic copy of a letter from Gauleiter
Florian dated 23 Sept 1940 and I request you to take action on it.
Heil Hitler!
Yours very respectfully
signed: M. BORMANN

Enclosure

[Letterhead of the NSDAP]

Duesseldorf
Duesseldorf 23 Sept 1940

Gauleitung
Subject: Lecture of Major General von RABENAU
Our file: Fl./V.
Department: The Gauleiter
Personal
[Receipt stamp]
Deputy of the Fuehrer
27 Sept 1940

To the Deputy of the Fuehrer

Party member
Rudolf HESS
 Munich

Photocopy
[penciled]
Dear Party Member Hess:
A pamphlet entitled "The Spirit and Soul of the Soldiers" written by
Major General Dr. h. c. (doctor, honorus causa) von Rabenau has
appeared in the publications section of the NSDAP. Group I: German
Military Might, published by the Central Publishing Co. of the NSDAP,
Successors to Franz Eher Inc. Ltd. (GmbH) Berlin.
I cannot but point out this spiritual outpouring as a digression, at
least as inadequate. It is on the same order as the many lectures
which General von Rabenau gave to officers before the present war
and its tendencies are directed against the concept of the German
soldier which was born with the national-socialistic revolution, even
if this tendency is cleverly kept to a minimum in this case. Just as in
his lectures, Rabenau uses the method of arbitrary juggling with
philosophic learning, which on one hand displays a widespread
knowledge, and on the other consciously holds back from the clarity
for which we strive with the national-socialistic world philosophy
[Weltanschauung].
As I have reported before in conversation with you, General von
Rabenau gave a lecture in Aachen some time before this war to a
group of some 60 to 70 younger officers and about 15 leaders of the
party who were invited, and among whom I chanced to be, about
the development of the people's army. According to Rabenau, the
present people's army began about 1813 during the wars of
Liberation (Napoleonic) and developed in the decades which
followed to its present size, thanks to the great German qualities of
soldiery which reached their zenith in the army of one hundred
thousand men. The national-socialistic revolution which created the
popular will for soldiery, and with it the developments for the
establishment of the first German people's army is not mentioned in
any way, much less, in the role of being the dynamic creative force.
Rabenau contented himself with presenting only a few quotations
from the Fuehrer's "Mein Kampf". The politically ignorant officers got
the impression, as Rabenau knew how to talk vividly and
convincingly, that the size of the present day people's army was an
accomplishment of the old military forces, and in their later thinking
they will ask themselves: "Why is there so much emphasis on the
Party? Why invite the Party fuehrers? This is an affair for soldiers."
When I asked a question after the lecture, which unfortunately did
not offer a discussion period, and explained to him that he was in no
wise justified by history, that he had denied the mother of the
people's army, the Revolution, the Party, he overbore me in the
arrogant manner which is peculiar to him with references to Indian,
Chinese, French, English and German philosophies in order to prove
to me in front of several listeners that his lecture presentation was
correct. I replied with the philosophic ideas which I have won in the
practical struggle of life, and insisted on the correctness of my
concept. He professes not to be able to allow my contentions
because they were not scientifically based. According to all
appearances only those philosophic ideas are scientifically based, for
him, which were developed before the national-socialistic revolution.
The inadequacy of Rabenau made itself clear at the close of this
conversation, when the church came into the debate as the
educational factor [Erziehungsfaktor]. After he had affirmed the
necessity of the churches, Rabenau said with emphasized self-
assurance something like the following, "Dear Gauleiter, the Party is
making mistake after mistake in the business with the churches.
Obtain for me the necessary powers from the Fuehrer, and I
guarantee that I shall succeed in a few months in establishing peace
with the churches for all times." After this catastrophic ignorance I
gave up the conversation about the importance of philosophic ideas
for our ordinary life [Volksleben].
Dear Party Member Hess: The reading of General von Rabenau's
pamphlet "Spirit and Soul of the Soldier" has reminded me again of
this. In this brochure, just as at that time, Rabenau affirms the